R入门——矩阵、列表

矩阵

矩阵的建立

v=1:6
m=matrix(v,2,3) #默认按列加载
m
[,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,] 1 3 5
[2,] 2 4 6
n=matrix(v,2,3,byrow=TRUE) #按行加载
n
[,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,] 1 2 3
[2,] 4 5 6
dim(m) #矩阵维度
[1] 2 3

矩阵行列命名

rownames(m)=c(‘male’,‘female’)#命名行
colnames(m)=c(‘low’,‘middle’,‘high’)#命名列
dimnames(m)#查看矩阵的行名和列名
[[1]]
[1] “male” “female”
[[2]]
[1] “low” “middle” “high”
m#查看矩阵m
low middle high
male 1 3 5
female 2 4 6

单位矩阵

x=diag(3)
x
[,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,] 1 0 0
[2,] 0 1 0
[3,] 0 0 1

以m的对角元构成的对角阵

y=diag(m)
y
[1] 1 4

将v中元素作为对角元构成对角阵

z=diag(v)
z
[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6]
[1,] 1 0 0 0 0 0
[2,] 0 2 0 0 0 0
[3,] 0 0 3 0 0 0
[4,] 0 0 0 4 0 0
[5,] 0 0 0 0 5 0
[6,] 0 0 0 0 0 6

矩阵的下标(index)与子集(元素)的提取
规则：同向量的下标

生成3行4列矩阵

z=matrix(1:12,3,4)
z
[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4]
[1,] 1 4 7 10
[2,] 2 5 8 11
[3,] 3 6 9 12

提取第2行第4列矩阵元素

z[2,4]
[1] 11

提取矩阵第1，2行第2，4列矩阵元素

z[1:2,c(2,4)]
[,1] [,2]
[1,] 4 10
[2,] 5 11

提取第3行

z[3,]
[1] 3 6 9 12

提取第2列

z[,2]
[1] 4 5 6

删去所有行第1，3列矩阵元素