文章目录
一、线程池
线程池其实就是一种多线程处理形式,处理过程中可以将任务添加到队列中,然后在创建线程后自动启动这些任务。这里的线程就是我们前面学过的线程,这里的任务就是我们前面学过的实现了Runnable或Callable接口的实例对象;
线程池的优点
1.提高响应速度,可以提前启动所有的核心线程,任务过了就可以直接执行
2.降低资源消耗,不用频繁创建和销毁线程
3.提高线程的可管理性
二、Java内置线程池
通过查看java中的ThreadPoolExecutor的源码
线程池执行任务的流程,直到什么时候会启动拒绝策略:
a.每过来一个任务会启动一个线程去执行
b.当核心线程数用完后,会把新来的任务存入阻塞队列中
c.阻塞队列存满后,会再启动超过核心线程数量到最大线程数量之间的线程
d.当线程的数量达到最大线程数量,再来任务就启动拒绝策略
三、拒绝策略
策略 | 处理方式 |
---|---|
AbortPolicy | 直接抛出异常 |
DiscardPolicy | 丢弃当前被拒绝的任务(不抛出异常) |
DiscardOldestPolicy | 将工作队列中最早的任务丢弃,去执行新的任务 |
CallerRunsPolicy | 交给调用线程池的线程处理 |
AbortPolicy
直接抛出异常:线程池默认的拒绝策略,在任务不能再提交的时候,抛出异常,
及时反馈程序运行状态。如果是比较关键的业务,推荐使用此拒绝策略,这样子在系统
不能承载更大的并发量的时候,能够及时的通过异常发现。
import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionHandler;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class csdn {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
//核心线程数
int corePoolSize = 3;
//最大线程数
int maximumPoolSize = 8;
long keepAliveTime = 5;
//创建阻塞队列队列为10
BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(10);
//调用AbortPoilcy
RejectedExecutionHandler handler = new ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy();
//创建线程池
ThreadPoolExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(corePoolSize,
maximumPoolSize,
keepAliveTime,
TimeUnit.SECONDS,
workQueue,
handler);
Runnable r = () -> System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " is running");
for(int i=0; i<100; i++) {
try {
executor.execute(r);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//关闭线程池
executor.shutdown();
}
}
DiscardPolicy
丢弃当前被拒绝的任务(不抛出异常) 拒绝任务时不通知
import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionHandler;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class csdn {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
//核心线程数
int corePoolSize = 3;
//最大线程数
int maximumPoolSize = 8;
long keepAliveTime = 5;
//创建阻塞队列队列为10
BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(10);
//调用AbortPoilcy
RejectedExecutionHandler handler = new ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardPolicy();
//创建线程池
ThreadPoolExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(corePoolSize, maximumPoolSize, keepAliveTime, TimeUnit.SECONDS, workQueue, handler);
Runnable r = () -> System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " is running");
for(int i=0; i<100; i++) {
try {
executor.execute(r);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//关闭线程池
executor.shutdown();
}
}
DiscardOldestPolicy
将工作队列中最早的任务丢弃,去执行新的任务
抛弃的任务通常是队列的头结点,也就是存活时间最长的任务。
import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionHandler;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class csdn {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
//核心线程数
int corePoolSize = 3;
//最大线程数
int maximumPoolSize = 8;
long keepAliveTime = 5;
//创建阻塞队列队列为10
BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(10);
//调用AbortPoilcy
RejectedExecutionHandler handler = new ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardOldestPolicy();
//创建线程池
ThreadPoolExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(corePoolSize, maximumPoolSize, keepAliveTime, TimeUnit.SECONDS, workQueue, handler);
Runnable r = () -> System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " is running");
for(int i=0; i<100; i++) {
try {
executor.execute(r);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//关闭线程池
executor.shutdown();
}
}
CallerRunsPolicy
交给调用线程池的线程处理
线程池没能力执行任务,就把这个任务交于提交任务的线程执行
import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionHandler;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class csdn {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
//核心线程数
int corePoolSize = 3;
//最大线程数
int maximumPoolSize = 8;
long keepAliveTime = 5;
//创建阻塞队列队列为10
BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(10);
//调用AbortPoilcy
RejectedExecutionHandler handler = new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy();
//创建线程池
ThreadPoolExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(corePoolSize, maximumPoolSize, keepAliveTime, TimeUnit.SECONDS, workQueue, handler);
Runnable r = () -> System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " is running");
for(int i=0; i<100; i++) {
try {
executor.execute(r);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//关闭线程池
executor.shutdown();
}
}
总结:
四种拒绝策略是相互独立无关的,选择何种策略去执行,还得结合具体的业务场景。实际工作中,一般直接使用 ExecutorService 的时候,默认使用的是AbortPolicy 策略。