【Java闭关修炼】Spring-IOC介绍

概念

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体系结构

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loc介绍

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loc简单案例

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导入spring坐标

将下面的依赖添加到pom.xml中,spring版本

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

添加实现类

  • 创建接口
package com.itheima.service;

public interface UserService {
    public void save();
}

  • 创建实现类
package com.itheima.service.impl;

import com.itheima.service.UserService;

public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
    @Override
    public void save() {
        System.out.println("测试spring框架");
    }
}


创建SpringContext.xml

https://docs.spring.io/spring-framework/docs/5.1.9.RELEASE/spring-framework-reference/core.html#spring-core

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
</beans>

创建spring控制的资源

id是接口名称,class是实现类路径

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<!--    创建spring控制的资源-->
    <bean id = "userService" class = "com.itheima.service.impl.UserServiceImpl"/>


</beans>

编写主方法

import com.itheima.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class UserApp {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 加载配置文件
        ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");

        // 获取资源
        UserService userService = (UserService) ctx.getBean("userService");// 强制转换接口

        userService.save();//
    }
}


bean的配置

在这里插入图片描述

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<!--    创建spring控制的资源-->
    <bean id = "userService" name = "userService1,userService2" class = "com.itheima.service.impl.UserServiceImpl"/>

</beans>

bean属性-scope

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主要用来控制创建的对象是不是单例的

比如singleton创建的对象就是单例的

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<!--    创建spring控制的资源-->
    <bean id = "userService" scope = "singleton" name = "userService1,userService2" class = "com.itheima.service.impl.UserServiceImpl"/>

</beans>

import com.itheima.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class UserApp {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 加载配置文件
        ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");

        // 获取资源
        UserService userService3 = (UserService) ctx.getBean("userService");// 强制转换接口
        UserService userService1 = (UserService) ctx.getBean("userService");// 强制转换接口
        UserService userService2 = (UserService) ctx.getBean("userService");// 强制转换接口

        System.out.println(userService2 == userService1);// 创建的是单例对象

//        userService.save();//
    }
}


bean的声明周期

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<!--    创建spring控制的资源-->
    <bean id = "userService" scope = "singleton" init-method="init" destroy-method="destroy" name = "userService1,userService2" class = "com.itheima.service.impl.UserServiceImpl"/>

</beans>

import com.itheima.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class UserApp {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 加载配置文件
        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");

        // 获取资源
        UserService userService3 = (UserService) ctx.getBean("userService");// 强制转换接口
        UserService userService1 = (UserService) ctx.getBean("userService");// 强制转换接口
        UserService userService2 = (UserService) ctx.getBean("userService");// 强制转换接口

//        System.out.println(userService2 == userService1);// 创建的是单例对象
        ctx.close();

//        userService.save();//
    }
}


bean-静态工厂与实例工厂创建

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创建静态工厂

package com.itheima.service;
import com.itheima.service.impl.UserServiceImpl;

// 创建静态工厂类
public class UserServiceFactory {

    // 多态  父类指向子类对象
    public static UserService  getService(){
        return new UserServiceImpl();// 返回一个实现类 对象
    }
}


更改配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<!--    创建spring控制的资源-->
    <bean id = "userService"  class = "com.itheima.service.UserServiceFactory" factory-method="getService"/>

</beans>

现在这种资源的创建与调用 走的是工厂类的创建

创建实例 工厂

更改配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<!--    创建spring控制的资源-->
<!--    <bean id = "userService"  class = "com.itheima.service.UserServiceFactory" factory-method="getService"/>-->
<!--     实例化工厂对象-->
    <bean id = "factoryBean" class = "com.itheima.service.UserServiceFactory"/>
    <bean id = "userService" factory-bean="factoryBean"  factory-method="getService" />

</beans>

package com.itheima.service;
import com.itheima.service.impl.UserServiceImpl;

// 创建静态工厂类
public class UserServiceFactory {

    // 多态  父类指向子类对象
    // 实例工厂对象 去掉static
    public UserService  getService(){
        System.out.println("实例工厂创建出来的对象");
        return new UserServiceImpl();// 返回一个实现类 对象
    }
}


DI-依赖注入

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set注入

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注入引用类型资源
  • UserDao接口
package com.itheima.dao;

public interface UserDao {
    public void save();
}


  • UserDao接口实现类
package com.itheima.dao.impl;

import com.itheima.dao.UserDao;

public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
    @Override
    public void save() {
        System.out.println("set注入");
    }
}


  • UserServiceImpl
package com.itheima.service.impl;

import com.itheima.dao.UserDao;
import com.itheima.service.UserService;

public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {

    private UserDao userDao;

    // 使用set注入
    public void setUserDao(UserDao userDao) {
        this.userDao = userDao;
    }

    // 初始化函数
    public void init(){
        System.out.println("init...");
    }

    public void destroy(){
        System.out.println("销毁bean...");
    }

    @Override
    public void save() {
        System.out.println("使用userDao调用操作");
        userDao.save();// 使用set注入的资源
    }
}

  • applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<!--    创建spring控制的资源-->
<!--    <bean id = "userService"  class = "com.itheima.service.UserServiceFactory" />-->
<!--     实例化工厂对象-->
<!--    <bean id = "factoryBean" class = "com.itheima.service.UserServiceFactory"/>-->
<!--    -->
<!--    <bean id = "userService" factory-bean="factoryBean"  factory-method="getService" />-->

    <bean id = "userService" class = "com.itheima.service.impl.UserServiceImpl">
<!--        将要注入的引用类型的变量通过property属性进行注入  对应的name是要注入的变量  ref 是注入资源的Id-->
        <property name="userDao" ref="userDao"/>
    </bean>

<!--    将要注入的资源声明为bean-->
    <bean id = "userDao" class = "com.itheima.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl"/>

</beans>

非引用类型资源的注入
  • 还是需要创建set方法获取 对象
package com.itheima.service.impl;

import com.itheima.dao.UserDao;
import com.itheima.service.UserService;

public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {

    private UserDao userDao;

    private int num;

    public void setNum(int num) {
        this.num = num;
    }

    // 使用set注入
    public void setUserDao(UserDao userDao) {
        this.userDao = userDao;
    }

    // 初始化函数
    public void init(){
        System.out.println("init...");
    }

    public void destroy(){
        System.out.println("销毁bean...");
    }

    @Override
    public void save() {
        System.out.println("使用userDao调用操作");
        userDao.save();// 使用set注入的资源
    }
}


  • applicationContext.xml
package com.itheima.service.impl;

import com.itheima.dao.UserDao;
import com.itheima.service.UserService;

public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {

    private UserDao userDao;

    private int num;

    public void setNum(int num) {
        this.num = num;
    }

    // 使用set注入
    public void setUserDao(UserDao userDao) {
        this.userDao = userDao;
    }

    // 初始化函数
    public void init(){
        System.out.println("init...");
    }

    public void destroy(){
        System.out.println("销毁bean...");
    }

    @Override
    public void save() {
        System.out.println("使用userDao调用操作" + num);
        userDao.save();// 使用set注入的资源
    }
}


构造方法注入资源

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<!--        构造方法注入资源-->
<!--    将要注入的资源封装成bean-->
    <bean id = "userDao" class = "com.itheima.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl"/>

    <bean id = "userService" class = "com.itheima.service.impl.UserServiceImpl">
        <constructor-arg ref = "userDao"/>
    </bean>

读取properties文件信息

使用读取到的数据给bean属性赋值在这里插入图片描述

原始的set注入方法

<!--    将要注入的资源封装成Bean-->
    <bean id = "userDao" class = "com.itheima.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl"/>
    <bean id = "bookDao" class = "com.itheima.dao.impl.BookDaoImpl"/>

<!--    ref 是注入资源的id属性  name是变量名-->
    <bean id = "userService" class = "com.itheima.service.impl.UserServiceImpl">
        <property name="userDao" ref = "userDao"/>
        <property name="bookDao" ref = "bookDao"/>
    </bean>

读取配置文件进行注入资源

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!--   加载配置文件-->
    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:data.properties"/>

<!--    将要注入的资源封装成Bean-->
<!--    同时userDao 和bookDao中有些属性也需要外部注入资源  读取properties中的两个变量名  赋值给value-->
    <bean id = "userDao" class = "com.itheima.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl">
        <property name="userName" value = "${username}"/>
        <property name="password" value = "${pwd}"/>
    </bean>


    <bean id = "bookDao" class = "com.itheima.dao.impl.BookDaoImpl"/>

<!--    ref 是注入资源的id属性 主要是针对引用类型资源  如果是非引用 直接value  name是变量名-->
    <bean id = "userService" class = "com.itheima.service.impl.UserServiceImpl">
        <property name="userDao" ref = "userDao"/>
        <property name="bookDao" ref = "bookDao"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

import导入配置文件

当团队协作的时候,xml文件过多可以配置多个xml文件,最后进行导入

在这里插入图片描述

applicationContext.xml

该配置文件需要使用userDao和bookDao的资源

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!--   加载配置文件-->
    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:data.properties"/>

<!--    将要注入的资源封装成Bean-->
<!--    同时userDao 和bookDao中有些属性也需要外部注入资源  读取properties中的两个变量名  赋值给value-->
<!--    <bean id = "userDao" class = "com.itheima.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl">-->
<!--        <property name="userName" value = "${username}"/>-->
<!--        <property name="password" value = "${pwd}"/>-->
<!--    </bean>-->

<!--    <bean id = "bookDao" class = "com.itheima.dao.impl.BookDaoImpl"/>-->

<!--&lt;!&ndash;    ref 是注入资源的id属性 主要是针对引用类型资源  如果是非引用 直接value  name是变量名&ndash;&gt;-->
<!--    <bean id = "userService" class = "com.itheima.service.impl.UserServiceImpl">-->
<!--        <property name="userDao" ref = "userDao"/>-->
<!--        <property name="bookDao" ref = "bookDao"/>-->
<!--    </bean>-->

<!--    将其余的配置文件导入进来-->
        <import resource="applicationContext-user.xml"/>
        <import resource="applicationContext-book.xml"/>


<!--    &lt;!&ndash;2.加载配置文件&ndash;&gt;-->
<!--    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:*.properties"/>-->

<!--    <bean id="userDao" class="com.itheima.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl">-->
<!--        <property name="userName" value="${username}"/>-->
<!--        <property name="password" value="${pwd}"/>-->
<!--    </bean>-->

<!--    <bean id="bookDao" class="com.itheima.dao.impl.BookDaoImpl"/>-->

<!--    <bean id="userService" class="com.itheima.service.impl.UserServiceImpl">-->
<!--        <property name="userDao" ref="userDao"/>-->
<!--        <property name="bookDao" ref="bookDao"/>-->
<!--    </bean>-->

<!--    <import resource="applicationContext-user.xml"/>-->
<!--    <import resource="applicationContext-book2.xml"/>-->
<!--    <import resource="applicationContext-book.xml"/>-->

<!--    <bean id="bookDao" class="com.itheima.dao.impl.BookDaoImpl">-->
<!--        <property name="num" value="3"/>-->
<!--    </bean>-->


<!--    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource">-->
<!--        <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>-->
<!--        <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/spring_db"/>-->
<!--        <property name="username" value="root"/>-->
<!--        <property name="password" value="itheima"/>-->
<!--    </bean>-->


</beans>

### applicationContext-user.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <bean id="userDao" class="com.itheima.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl">
        <property name="userName" value="${username}"/>
        <property name="password" value="${pwd}"/>
    </bean>

    <bean id="userService" class="com.itheima.service.impl.UserServiceImpl">
        <property name="userDao" ref="userDao"/>
    </bean>

</beans>

### applicationContext-book.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <bean id="bookDao" class="com.itheima.dao.impl.BookDaoImpl">
<!--        name是变量名  value属性直接注入-->
        <property name="num" value="1"/>
    </bean>
    <bean id="userService" class="com.itheima.service.impl.UserServiceImpl">
        <property name="bookDao" ref="bookDao"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

第三方bean配置

阿里数据源druid

首先在pom.xml 导入依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.itheima</groupId>
    <artifactId>Spring_day01_04_实用开发相关配置</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.16</version>
        </dependency>

<!--        <dependency>-->
<!--            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>-->
<!--            <artifactId>druid</artifactId>-->
<!--            <version>1.1.16</version>-->
<!--        </dependency>-->
    </dependencies>
</project>

applicationContext.xml中配置资源

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!--   加载配置文件-->
    <!-- <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:data.properties"/> -->

    <bean id = "dataSource" class = "com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
        <property name="url" value = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/kob"/>
        <property name="username" value="root"/>
        <property name="password" value="123456"/>
    </bean>

</beans>

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