k8s安装prometheus和grafana

最新推荐文章于 2024-03-02 12:00:48 发布

乐齐05

最新推荐文章于 2024-03-02 12:00:48 发布

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文章标签： kubernetes prometheus grafana

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_44684940/article/details/130518045

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1、#部署 node-exporter
编写pv-pvc-prometheus.yaml

apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
  name: pv-proc-prometheus
spec:
  capacity:
    storage: 3Gi
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteOnce
  persistentVolumeReclaimPolicy: Recycle
  storageClassName: nfs-p
  nfs:
    path: /nfs/data/prometheus/proc
    server: 192.168.3.64

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
  name: pv-dev-prometheus
spec:
  capacity:
    storage: 3Gi
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteOnce
  persistentVolumeReclaimPolicy: Recycle
  storageClassName: nfs-p
  nfs:
    path: /nfs/data/prometheus/dev
    server: 192.168.3.64

---
apiVersion: v1 
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
  name: pv-sys-prometheus
spec:
  capacity: 
    storage: 3Gi
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteOnce
  persistentVolumeReclaimPolicy: Recycle
  storageClassName: nfs-p
  nfs:
    path: /nfs/data/prometheus/sys
    server: 192.168.3.64
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
  name: pv-rootfs-prometheus
spec:
  capacity:
    storage: 3Gi
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteOnce
  persistentVolumeReclaimPolicy: Recycle
  storageClassName: nfs-p
  nfs:
    path: /nfs/data/prometheus/rootfs
    server: 192.168.3.64
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
  namespace: monitor-sa
  name: pvc-proc-prometheus
spec:
  accessModes:
  - ReadWriteOnce
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 2Gi      
  storageClassName: nfs-p 

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
  namespace: monitor-sa
  name: pvc-dev-prometheus
spec:
  accessModes:
  - ReadWriteOnce
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 2Gi      
  storageClassName: nfs-p

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
  namespace: monitor-sa
  name: pvc-sys-prometheus
spec:
  accessModes:
  - ReadWriteOnce
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 2Gi      
  storageClassName: nfs-p

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
  namespace: monitor-sa
  name: pvc-rootfs-prometheus
spec:
  accessModes:
  - ReadWriteOnce
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 2Gi      
  storageClassName: nfs-p

#创建监控 namespace
kubectl create ns monitor-sa

#部署 node-exporter
mkdir /opt/prometheus
cd /opt/prometheus/

vim node-export.yaml
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet				#可以保证 k8s 集群的每个节点都运行完全一样的 pod
metadata:
  name: node-exporter
  namespace: monitor-sa
  labels:
    name: node-exporter
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
     name: node-exporter
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        name: node-exporter
    spec:
      hostPID: true
      hostIPC: true
      hostNetwork: true
      containers:
      - name: node-exporter
        image: prom/node-exporter:v0.16.0
        ports:
        - containerPort: 9100
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: 0.15		#这个容器运行至少需要0.15核cpu
        securityContext:
          privileged: true	#开启特权模式
        args:
        - --path.procfs
        - /host/proc
        - --path.sysfs
        - /host/sys
        - --collector.filesystem.ignored-mount-points
        - '"^/(sys|proc|dev|host|etc)($|/)"'
        volumeMounts:
        - name: dev
          mountPath: /host/dev
        - name: proc
          mountPath: /host/proc
        - name: sys
          mountPath: /host/sys
        - name: rootfs
          mountPath: /rootfs
      tolerations:
      - key: "node-role.kubernetes.io/master"
        operator: "Exists"
        effect: "NoSchedule"
      volumes:
      - name: dev
        persistentVolumeClaim:
          claimName: pvc-dev-prometheus
      - name: proc
        persistentVolumeClaim:
          claimName: pvc-proc-prometheus
      - name: sys
        persistentVolumeClaim:
          claimName: pvc-sys-prometheus
      - name: rootfs
        persistentVolumeClaim:
          claimName: pvc-rootfs-prometheus

2、创建 sa 账号，对 sa 做 rbac 授权

#创建一个 sa 账号 monitor
kubectl create serviceaccount monitor -n monitor-sa

#把 sa 账号 monitor 通过 clusterrolebing 绑定到 clusterrole 上
kubectl create clusterrolebinding monitor-clusterrolebinding -n monitor-sa --clusterrole=cluster-admin  --serviceaccount=monitor-sa:monitor

3、创建 configmap 存储卷，用来存放 prometheus 配置信息

vim prometheus-cfg.yaml
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    app: prometheus
  name: prometheus-config
  namespace: monitor-sa
data:
  prometheus.yml: |
    global:                     #指定prometheus的全局配置，比如采集间隔，抓取超时时间等
      scrape_interval: 15s      #采集目标主机监控数据的时间间隔，默认为1m
      scrape_timeout: 10s       #数据采集超时时间，默认10s
      evaluation_interval: 1m 	#触发告警生成alert的时间间隔，默认是1m
    scrape_configs:             #配置数据源，称为target，每个target用job_name命名。又分为静态配置和服务发现
    - job_name: 'kubernetes-node'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:    # *_sd_configs 指定的是k8s的服务发现
      - role: node              #使用node角色，它使用默认的kubelet提供的http端口来发现集群中每个node节点
      relabel_configs:	        #重新标记
      - source_labels: [__address__]    #配置的原始标签，匹配地址
        regex: '(.*):10250'             #匹配带有10250端口的url
        replacement: '${1}:9100'        #把匹配到的ip:10250的ip保留
        target_label: __address__       #新生成的url是${1}获取到的ip:9100
        action: replace         #动作替换
      - action: labelmap
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)    #匹配到下面正则表达式的标签会被保留,如果不做regex正则的话，默认只是会显示instance标签
    - job_name: 'kubernetes-node-cadvisor'    #抓取cAdvisor数据，是获取kubelet上/metrics/cadvisor接口数据来获取容器的资源使用情况
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role:  node
      scheme: https
      tls_config:
        ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
      bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
      relabel_configs:
      - action: labelmap    #把匹配到的标签保留
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)    #保留匹配到的具有__meta_kubernetes_node_label的标签
      - target_label: __address__                   #获取到的地址：__address__="192.168.80.20:10250"
        replacement: kubernetes.default.svc:443     #把获取到的地址替换成新的地址kubernetes.default.svc:443
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_node_name]
        regex: (.+)                                 #把原始标签中__meta_kubernetes_node_name值匹配到
        target_label: __metrics_path__              #获取__metrics_path__对应的值
        replacement: /api/v1/nodes/${1}/proxy/metrics/cadvisor	
        #把metrics替换成新的值api/v1/nodes/k8s-master1/proxy/metrics/cadvisor
        #${1}是__meta_kubernetes_node_name获取到的值
        #新的url就是https://kubernetes.default.svc:443/api/v1/nodes/k8s-master1/proxy/metrics/cadvisor
    - job_name: 'kubernetes-apiserver'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: endpoints                             #使用k8s中的endpoint服务发现，采集apiserver 6443端口获取到的数据
      scheme: https
      tls_config:
        ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
      bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
      relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace, __meta_kubernetes_service_name, __meta_kubernetes_endpoint_port_name]    #[endpoint这个对象的名称空间,endpoint对象的服务名,exnpoint的端口名称]
        action: keep    #采集满足条件的实例，其他实例不采集
        regex: default;kubernetes;https    #正则匹配到的默认空间下的service名字是kubernetes，协议是https的endpoint类型保留下来
    - job_name: 'kubernetes-service-endpoints'
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: endpoints
      relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape]
        action: keep
        regex: true
		#重新打标仅抓取到的具有"prometheus.io/scrape: true"的annotation的端点， 意思是说如果某个service具有prometheus.io/scrape = true的annotation声明则抓取，annotation本身也是键值结构， 所以这里的源标签设置为键，而regex设置值true，当值匹配到regex设定的内容时则执行keep动作也就是保留，其余则丢弃。
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scheme]
        action: replace
        target_label: __scheme__
        regex: (https?)
		#重新设置scheme，匹配源标签__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scheme也就是prometheus.io/scheme annotation，如果源标签的值匹配到regex，则把值替换为__scheme__对应的值。
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_path]
        action: replace
        target_label: __metrics_path__
        regex: (.+)
		#应用中自定义暴露的指标，也许你暴露的API接口不是/metrics这个路径，那么你可以在这个POD对应的service中做一个 "prometheus.io/path = /mymetrics" 声明，上面的意思就是把你声明的这个路径赋值给__metrics_path__， 其实就是让prometheus来获取自定义应用暴露的metrices的具体路径， 不过这里写的要和service中做好约定，如果service中这样写 prometheus.io/app-metrics-path: '/metrics' 那么你这里就要__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_app_metrics_path这样写。
      - source_labels: [__address__, __meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_port]
        action: replace
        target_label: __address__
        regex: ([^:]+)(?::\d+)?;(\d+)
        replacement: $1:$2
        #暴露自定义的应用的端口，就是把地址和你在service中定义的 "prometheus.io/port = <port>" 声明做一个拼接， 然后赋值给__address__，这样prometheus就能获取自定义应用的端口，然后通过这个端口再结合__metrics_path__来获取指标，如果__metrics_path__值不是默认的/metrics那么就要使用上面的标签替换来获取真正暴露的具体路径。
      - action: labelmap        #保留下面匹配到的标签
        regex: __meta_kubernetes_service_label_(.+)
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
        action: replace        #替换__meta_kubernetes_namespace变成kubernetes_namespace
        target_label: kubernetes_namespace
      - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_name]
        action: replace
        target_label: kubernetes_name

4、通过 deployment 部署 prometheus

#将 prometheus 调度到 node1 节点，在 node1 节点创建 prometheus 数据存储目录
mkdir /data && chmod 777 /data

#通过 deployment 部署 prometheus
vim prometheus-deploy.yaml

vim prometheus-deploy.yaml
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: prometheus-server
  namespace: monitor-sa
  labels:
    app: prometheus
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: prometheus
      component: server
    #matchExpressions:
    #- {key: app, operator: In, values: [prometheus]}
    #- {key: component, operator: In, values: [server]}
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: prometheus
        component: server
      annotations:
        prometheus.io/scrape: 'false'
    spec:
      nodeName: k8s-node-1              #指定pod调度到哪个节点上	
      serviceAccountName: monitor
      containers:
      - name: prometheus
        image: prom/prometheus:v2.2.1
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        command:
          - prometheus
          - --config.file=/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml
          - --storage.tsdb.path=/prometheus        #数据存储目录
          - --storage.tsdb.retention=720h          #数据保存时长
          - --web.enable-lifecycle                 #开启热加载
        ports:
        - containerPort: 9090
          protocol: TCP
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml
          name: prometheus-config
          subPath: prometheus.yml
        - mountPath: /prometheus/
          name: prometheus-storage-volume
      volumes:
        - name: prometheus-config
          configMap:
            name: prometheus-config
            items:
              - key: prometheus.yml
                path: prometheus.yml
                mode: 0644
        - name: prometheus-storage-volume
          hostPath:
           path: /data
           type: Directory
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: prometheus
  namespace: monitor-sa
  labels:
    app: prometheus
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
    - port: 9090
      targetPort: 9090
      protocol: TCP
      nodePort: 31000
  selector:
    app: prometheus
    component: server

在这里插入图片描述

5、Prometheus 热加载配置

###为了每次修改配置文件可以热加载prometheus，也就是不停止prometheus，就可以使配置生效，想要使配置生效可用如下热加载命令：
kubectl get pods -n monitor-sa -o wide -l app=prometheus

#想要使配置生效可用如下命令热加载
curl -X POST -Ls http://10.244.2.5:9090/-/reload 

#查看 log
kubectl logs -n monitor-sa prometheus-server-75f74964cf-f6zwn | grep "Loading configuration file"

在这里插入图片描述

6、安装grafana 安装

vim grafana.yaml
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: monitoring-grafana
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      task: monitoring
      k8s-app: grafana
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        task: monitoring
        k8s-app: grafana
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: grafana
        image: grafana/grafana:5.0.4
        ports:
        - containerPort: 3000
          protocol: TCP
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /etc/ssl/certs
          name: ca-certificates
          readOnly: true
        - mountPath: /var
          name: grafana-storage
        env:
        - name: INFLUXDB_HOST
          value: monitoring-influxdb
        - name: GF_SERVER_HTTP_PORT
          value: "3000"
        - name: GF_AUTH_BASIC_ENABLED
          value: "false"
        - name: GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ENABLED
          value: "true"
        - name: GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ORG_ROLE
          value: Admin
        - name: GF_SERVER_ROOT_URL
          value: /
      volumes:
      - name: ca-certificates
        hostPath:
          path: /etc/ssl/certs
      - name: grafana-storage
        emptyDir: {}
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    kubernetes.io/cluster-service: 'true'
    kubernetes.io/name: monitoring-grafana
  name: monitoring-grafana
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  ports:
  - port: 80
    targetPort: 3000
  selector:
    k8s-app: grafana
  type: NodePort

在这里插入图片描述

#导入监控模板的链接：
官方链接搜索：https://grafana.com/dashboards?dataSource=prometheus&search=kubernetes

可以百度查找grafana导入模板
在这里插入图片描述

这是我自己找的一个模板

7、kube-state-metrics-创建 sa并对sa授权

vim kube-state-metrics-rbac.yaml 
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: kube-state-metrics
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  name: kube-state-metrics
rules:
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["nodes", "pods", "services", "resourcequotas", "replicationcontrollers", "limitranges", "persistentvolumeclaims", "persistentvolumes", "namespaces", "endpoints"]
  verbs: ["list", "watch"]
- apiGroups: ["extensions"]
  resources: ["daemonsets", "deployments", "replicasets"]
  verbs: ["list", "watch"]
- apiGroups: ["apps"]
  resources: ["statefulsets"]
  verbs: ["list", "watch"]
- apiGroups: ["batch"]
  resources: ["cronjobs", "jobs"]
  verbs: ["list", "watch"]
- apiGroups: ["autoscaling"]
  resources: ["horizontalpodautoscalers"]
  verbs: ["list", "watch"]
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: kube-state-metrics
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: kube-state-metrics
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: kube-state-metrics
  namespace: kube-system

8、安装 kube-state-metrics 组件和 service

vim kube-state-metrics-deploy.yaml 
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: kube-state-metrics
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: kube-state-metrics
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: kube-state-metrics
    spec:
      serviceAccountName: kube-state-metrics
      containers:
      - name: kube-state-metrics
        image: quay.io/coreos/kube-state-metrics:v1.9.0
        ports:
        - containerPort: 8080
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  annotations:
    prometheus.io/scrape: 'true'
  name: kube-state-metrics
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    app: kube-state-metrics
spec:
  ports:
  - name: kube-state-metrics
    port: 8080
    protocol: TCP
  selector:
    app: kube-state-metrics

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k8s安装prometheus和grafana

3、创建 configmap 存储卷，用来存放 prometheus 配置信息。8、安装 kube-state-metrics 组件和 service。7、kube-state-metrics-创建 sa并对sa授权。4、通过 deployment 部署 prometheus。2、创建 sa 账号，对 sa 做 rbac 授权。编写pv-pvc-prometheus.yaml。1、#部署 node-exporter。5、Prometheus 热加载配置。6、安装grafana 安装。
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