GRE，MGRE和RIP的综合配置

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-14 15:37:30 发布

灞波儿奔丶丶丶

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-14 15:37:30 发布

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分类专栏：练习文章标签：网络网络协议

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拓扑图:

要求：

R5为ISP,只能进行IP地址配置﹔其所有地址均配为公有IP地址
R1和R5间使用PPP的PAP认证,R5为主认证方；
R2于R5之间使用PPP的chap认证，R5为主认证方；
R3于R5之间使用HDLC封装
R1/R2/R3构建一个HGRE环境，R1为中心站点;R1、R4间为点到点的GRE
整个私有网络基于RIP全网可达
所有PC设置私有为源IP，可以访问R5环回

分析：

R5为ISP,只能进行IP地址配置﹔其所有地址均配为公有IP地址 --- NAT技术+缺省

R1和R5间使用PPP的PAP认证,R5为主认证方                 --- PPP协议的PAP认证

R2于R5之间使用PPP的chap认证，R5为主认证方         --- PPP协议的CHAP认证

R3于R5之间使用HDLC封装          ---调整R3R5之间serial线的协议

R1/R2/R3构建一个HGRE环境，R1为中心站点         ---MGRE技术（R1为中心）

R1、R4间为点到点的GRE           ---GRE技术

整个私有网络基于RIP全网可达           ---RIP宣告（与MGRE结合）

所有PC设置私有为源IP，可以访问R5环回           ---NAT技术

        此时没有要求使用规定网段，我使用自己划分的网段，私网从192.168.1.0/24 到192.168.4.0/24，然后与ISP路由的网段为1.0.0.0/30到4.0.0.0/30.而在ISP内设置的环回为123.123.123.1/24，设置的MGER网段为192.168.5.0/24，GRE网段为192.168.6.0/24.ACL抓取所有的私网段去访问NAT。

        ！！！使用的PPP协议，使用需要加上对应的serial板

配置：

①配置接口，环回

//R1的接口和静态地址
[R1]interface Serial 1/0/0
[R1-Serial1/0/0]ip address 1.0.0.1 30
[R1-Serial1/0/0]int g0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address  192.168.1.1 24

//R2的接口和静态地址
[R2]interface Serial  2/0/0
[R2-Serial2/0/0]ip address  2.0.0.1 30
[R2-Serial2/0/0]int g0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.2.1 24

//R3的接口和静态地址
[R3]interface  Serial  3/0/0
[R3-Serial3/0/0]ip address  3.0.0.1 30
[R3-Serial3/0/0]int g0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.3.1 24

//R4的接口和静态地址
[R4]interface g0/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address  4.0.0.1 24
[R4]interface g0/0/1
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.4.1 24

//ISP的接口和环回
[R5]interface Serial 1/0/0
[R5-Serial1/0/0]ip address  1.0.0.2 30
[R5-Serial1/0/0]interface Serial 2/0/0
[R5-Serial2/0/0]ip address 2.0.0.2 30
[R5-Serial2/0/0]interface Serial 3/0/0
[R5-Serial3/0/0]ip address 3.0.0.2 30
[R5-Serial3/0/0]interface G0/0/0
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 4.0.0.2 30
[R5]interface  l 0
[R5-LoopBack0]ip address  123.123.123.0 24

检查配置：

//R1
[R1]display ip interface  brief 
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 3
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 3
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 3
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 3

Interface                         IP Address/Mask      Physical   Protocol  
GigabitEthernet0/0/0              192.168.1.1/24       up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/1              unassigned           down       down      
GigabitEthernet0/0/2              unassigned           down       down      
NULL0                             unassigned           up         up(s)     
Serial1/0/0                       1.0.0.1/30           up         up        
Serial1/0/1                       unassigned           down       down     


//R2
[R2]display ip interface  brief
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 3
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 3
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 3
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 3

Interface                         IP Address/Mask      Physical   Protocol  
GigabitEthernet0/0/0              192.168.2.1/24       up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/1              unassigned           down       down      
GigabitEthernet0/0/2              unassigned           down       down      
NULL0                             unassigned           up         up(s)     
Serial2/0/0                       2.0.0.1/30           up         up        
Serial2/0/1                       unassigned           down       down   

//R3
[R3]display ip interface  brief
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 3
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 3
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 3
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 3

Interface                         IP Address/Mask      Physical   Protocol  
GigabitEthernet0/0/0              192.168.3.1/24       up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/1              unassigned           down       down      
GigabitEthernet0/0/2              unassigned           down       down      
NULL0                             unassigned           up         up(s)     
Serial3/0/0                       3.0.0.1/30           up         up        
Serial3/0/1                       unassigned           down       down    

//R4
[R4]display ip interface  brief
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 3
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 1
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 3
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 1

Interface                         IP Address/Mask      Physical   Protocol  
GigabitEthernet0/0/0              4.0.0.1/24           up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/1              192.168.4.1/24       up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/2              unassigned           down       down      
NULL0                             unassigned           up         up(s)  

//ISP
[R5]display ip interface  brief
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 5
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 5
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 5
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 5

Interface                         IP Address/Mask      Physical   Protocol  
GigabitEthernet0/0/0              4.0.0.2/30           up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/1              unassigned           down       down      
GigabitEthernet0/0/2              unassigned           down       down      
NULL0                             unassigned           up         up(s)     
Serial1/0/0                       1.0.0.2/30           up         up        
Serial1/0/1                       unassigned           down       down      
Serial2/0/0                       2.0.0.2/30           up         up        
Serial2/0/1                       unassigned           down       down      
Serial3/0/0                       3.0.0.2/30           up         up        
Serial3/0/1                       unassigned           down       down

②配置R1和R5的RAP验证：

//配置方设置  用户lxb   密码123456(密文)
[R5]aaa
[R5-aaa]local-user  lxb password cipher 123456
Info: Add a new user.
[R5-aaa]interface Serial 1/0/0
[R5-Serial1/0/0]ppp authentication-mode  pap

//检查
[R5-Serial1/0/0]display this 
[V200R003C00]
#
interface Serial1/0/0
 link-protocol ppp
 ppp authentication-mode pap 
 ip address 1.0.0.2 255.255.255.252 
#
return

//认证方R1配置
[R1]interface Serial  1/0/0
[R1-Serial1/0/0]ppp pap local-user lxb password cipher  123456

③配置R2和R5的CHAP验证：

//之前设置的aaa认证，在R2接口上设置为CHAP认证
[R5-Serial1/0/0]interface Serial 2/0/0
[R5-Serial2/0/0]ppp authentication-mode  chap 

//检查
[R5-Serial2/0/0]display this 
[V200R003C00]
#
interface Serial2/0/0
 link-protocol ppp
 ppp authentication-mode chap 
 ip address 2.0.0.2 255.255.255.252 
#
return

//认证方R2设置
[R2]interface Serial 2/0/0
[R2-Serial2/0/0]ppp chap user  lxb
[R2-Serial2/0/0]ppp chap password cipher 123456

//检查
[R2-Serial2/0/0]display this 
[V200R003C00]
#
interface Serial2/0/0
 link-protocol ppp
 ppp chap user lxb
 ppp chap password cipher %$%$zy7D5B2U7(O!>{J~gxB+,#,N%$%$
 ip address 2.0.0.1 255.255.255.252 
#
return

④R3和R5为HDLC协议：

//R3接口上配置HDLC
[R3]interface Serial 3/0/0
[R3-Serial3/0/0]link-protocol hdlc 
Warning: The encapsulation protocol of the link will be changed. Continue? [Y/N]
:y

//检查
[R3-Serial3/0/0]display this 
[V200R003C00]
#
interface Serial3/0/0
 link-protocol hdlc
 ip address 3.0.0.1 255.255.255.252 
#
return

//R5对应接口配置hdlc
[R5-Serial2/0/0]interface Serial 3/0/0
[R5-Serial3/0/0]link-protocol hdlc 
Warning: The encapsulation protocol of the link will be changed. Continue? [Y/N]
:y

//检查
[R5-Serial3/0/0]display this 
[V200R003C00]
#
interface Serial3/0/0
 link-protocol hdlc
 ip address 3.0.0.2 255.255.255.252 
#
return

⑤配置MGRE：

在做MGRM之前，需要保证公网连接成功：

//对应接口写上到ISP的缺省
[R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0  0 1.0.0.2
[R2]ip route-static 0.0.0.0  0 2.0.0.2
[R3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 3.0.0.2
[R4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 4.0.0.2

//用R1的公网去pingR3的公网
[R1]ping 3.0.0.2
  PING 3.0.0.2: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Reply from 3.0.0.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=50 ms
    Reply from 3.0.0.2: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=20 ms
    Reply from 3.0.0.2: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=30 ms
    Reply from 3.0.0.2: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=10 ms
    Reply from 3.0.0.2: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=10 ms

  --- 3.0.0.2 ping statistics ---
    5 packet(s) transmitted
    5 packet(s) received
    0.00% packet loss
    round-trip min/avg/max = 10/24/50 ms
//联通

配置：

//MGRE我设置的管道为192.168.5.0/24网段
//R1为中心，使用NHRP为100

//配置R1的为NHRP的HCL
[R1]interface Tunnel 0/0/0
[R1-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 192.168.5.1 24
[R1-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre  p2mp 
[R1-Tunnel0/0/0]source 1.0.0.1
[R1-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[R1-Tunnel0/0/0]q
[R1]interface Tunnel 0/0/0

//检查
[R1-Tunnel0/0/0]display this 
[V200R003C00]
#
interface Tunnel0/0/0
 ip address 192.168.5.1 255.255.255.0 
 tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
 source 1.0.0.1
 nhrp network-id 100
#
return


//配置R2
[R2]interface Tunnel 0/0/0
[R2-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address  192.168.5.2 24
[R2-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp 
[R2-Tunnel0/0/0]source Serial 2/0/0
[R2-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[R2-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 192.168.5.1 1.0.0.1 register 

//检查
[R2-Tunnel0/0/0]display this 
[V200R003C00]
#
interface Tunnel0/0/0
 ip address 192.168.5.2 255.255.255.0 
 tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
 source Serial2/0/0
 nhrp network-id 100
 nhrp entry 192.168.5.1 1.0.0.1 register
#
return

//配置R3的DHRP
[R3]interface t0/0/0
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 192.168.5.3 24
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp 
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]source Serial 3/0/0
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id  100
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 192.168.5.1 1.0.0.1 register 

//检查	
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]display this 
[V200R003C00]
#
interface Tunnel0/0/0
 ip address 192.168.5.3 255.255.255.0 
 tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
 source Serial3/0/0
 nhrp network-id 100
 nhrp entry 192.168.5.1 1.0.0.1 register
#
return

//此时检查R1的NHRP ,此时已经学习完毕

[R1]display nhrp peer all 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
Protocol-addr   Mask  NBMA-addr       NextHop-addr    Type         Flag         
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
192.168.5.2     32    2.0.0.1         192.168.5.2     dynamic      route tunnel 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
Tunnel interface: Tunnel0/0/0
Created time    : 00:02:09
Expire time     : 01:57:51
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
Protocol-addr   Mask  NBMA-addr       NextHop-addr    Type         Flag         
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
192.168.5.3     32    3.0.0.1         192.168.5.3     dynamic      route tunnel 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
Tunnel interface: Tunnel0/0/0
Created time    : 00:00:39
Expire time     : 01:59:21

Number of nhrp peers: 2

⑥配置GRE：

//GRE我管道设置为192.168.6.0/24 ，使用T0/0/1
//配置R1的GRE技术
[R1]interface t0/0/1
[R1-Tunnel0/0/1]ip address 192.168.6.1 24
[R1-Tunnel0/0/1]tunnel-protocol gre 
[R1-Tunnel0/0/1]source 1.0.0.1
[R1-Tunnel0/0/1]destination 4.0.0.1

//检查
[R1-Tunnel0/0/1]display this 
[V200R003C00]
#
interface Tunnel0/0/1
 destination 4.0.0.1
 ip address 192.168.6.1 255.255.255.0 
 tunnel-protocol gre
 source 1.0.0.1
#
return

//配置R4的GRE技术
[R4]interface t0/0/1
[R4-Tunnel0/0/1]ip address 192.168.6.2 24
[R4-Tunnel0/0/1]tunnel-protocol  gre 
[R4-Tunnel0/0/1]source 4.0.0.1
[R4-Tunnel0/0/1]destination 1.0.0.1
[R4-Tunnel0/0/1]display this 
[V200R003C00]
#
interface Tunnel0/0/1
 destination 1.0.0.1
 ip address 192.168.6.2 255.255.255.0 
 tunnel-protocol gre
 source 4.0.0.1
#
return

//此时需要配置一个静态路由
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.4.0 24 192.168.6.2
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 24 192.168.6.1

⑦配置RIP:

//宣告，不能宣告公网地址

//R1
[R1]rip
[R1-rip-1]version 2
[R1-rip-1]network 192.168.1.0
[R1-rip-1]network 192.168.5.0
[R1-rip-1]network 192.168.6.0

//检查
[R1-rip-1]display this 
[V200R003C00]
#
rip 1
 version 2
 network 192.168.1.0
 network 192.168.5.0
 network 192.168.6.0
#
return

//R2
[R2]rip
[R2-rip-1]version 2
[R2-rip-1]network 192.168.2.0
[R2-rip-1]network 192.168.5.0

//检查
[R2-rip-1]display this 
[V200R003C00]
#
rip 1
 version 2
 network 192.168.2.0
 network 192.168.5.0
#
return

//R3
[R3]rip	
[R3-rip-1]version 2
[R3-rip-1]network  192.168.3.0
[R3-rip-1]network 192.168.5.0

//检查
[R3-rip-1]display  this
[V200R003C00]
#
rip 1
 version 2
 network 192.168.3.0
 network 192.168.5.0
#
return

//R4
[R4]rip
[R4-rip-1]version 2
[R4-rip-1]network  192.168.4.0
[R4-rip-1]network 192.168.6.0

//检查
[R4-rip-1]display this 
[V200R003C00]
#
rip 1
 version 2
 network 192.168.4.0
 network 192.168.6.0
#
return


//此时R1可以刷出到R2-R4的路由表，而R2-R4之间无法互相刷出RIP路由
//需要设置伪广播技术
[R1]interface t0/0/0
[R1-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry multicast dynamic 

//此时还是没有办法刷出RIP，需要关闭RIP的水平分割
[R1-Tunnel0/0/0]undo rip split-horizon

//此时R2可以学到RIP信息
<R2>display  ip routing-table protocol  rip 
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public routing table : RIP
         Destinations : 3        Routes : 3        

RIP routing table status : <Active>
         Destinations : 3        Routes : 3

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

    192.168.1.0/24  RIP     100  1           D   192.168.5.1     Tunnel0/0/0
    192.168.3.0/24  RIP     100  2           D   192.168.5.1     Tunnel0/0/0
    192.168.6.0/24  RIP     100  1           D   192.168.5.1     Tunnel0/0/0

RIP routing table status : <Inactive>
         Destinations : 0        Routes : 0

//尝试互相ping
[R1]ping 192.168.3.1
  PING 192.168.3.1: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=30 ms
    Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=20 ms
    Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=30 ms
    Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=20 ms
    Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=30 ms

  --- 192.168.3.1 ping statistics ---
    5 packet(s) transmitted
    5 packet(s) received
    0.00% packet loss
    round-trip min/avg/max = 20/26/30 ms

[R1]ping 192.168.2.1
  PING 192.168.2.1: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Reply from 192.168.2.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=20 ms
    Reply from 192.168.2.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=30 ms
    Reply from 192.168.2.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=30 ms
    Reply from 192.168.2.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=40 ms
    Reply from 192.168.2.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=40 ms

  --- 192.168.2.1 ping statistics ---
    5 packet(s) transmitted
    5 packet(s) received
    0.00% packet loss
    round-trip min/avg/max = 20/32/40 ms

⑧设置NAT技术：

//设置NAT技术
//R1
[R1]acl 2000
[R1-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source any 
[R1-acl-basic-2000]interface Serial 1/0/0
[R1-Serial1/0/0]nat outbound 2000 

//R2
[R2]acl 2000	
[R2-acl-basic-2000]rule  permit source any 
[R2]interface Serial 2/0/0
[R2-Serial2/0/0]nat outbound 2000

//R2
[R3]acl 2000
[R3-acl-basic-2000]rule  permit source any 
[R3]interface Serial  3/0/0
[R3-Serial3/0/0]nat  outbound 2000

//R4
[R4]acl 2000	
[R4-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source any 
[R4]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]nat outbound 2000

检查：

//使用R3的电脑去pingISP的环回
PC>ping 123.123.123.1

Ping 123.123.123.1: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break
From 123.123.123.1: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=254 time=16 ms
From 123.123.123.1: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=254 time<1 ms
From 123.123.123.1: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=254 time=31 ms
From 123.123.123.1: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=254 time=31 ms
From 123.123.123.1: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=254 time=16 ms

--- 123.123.123.1 ping statistics ---
  5 packet(s) transmitted
  5 packet(s) received
  0.00% packet loss
  round-trip min/avg/max = 0/18/31 ms

需求分析：

①R3和R5之间的协议为HDLC
[R5]display interface Serial 3/0/0
Serial3/0/0 current state : UP
Line protocol current state : UP
Last line protocol up time : 2022-01-09 17:37:36 UTC-08:00
Description:HUAWEI, AR Series, Serial3/0/0 Interface
Route Port,The Maximum Transmit Unit is 1500, Hold timer is 10(sec)
Internet Address is 3.0.0.2/30
Link layer protocol is nonstandard HDLC    #修改成功
Last physical up time   : 2022-01-09 17:37:36 UTC-08:00
Last physical down time : 2022-01-09 17:37:35 UTC-08:00
Current system time: 2022-01-09 19:56:22-08:00
Physical layer is synchronous, Virtualbaudrate is 64000 bps
Interface is DTE, Cable type is V11, Clock mode is TC
Last 300 seconds input rate 7 bytes/sec 56 bits/sec 0 packets/sec
Last 300 seconds output rate 5 bytes/sec 40 bits/sec 0 packets/sec

②私网可达
<R4>ping 192.168.2.1
  PING 192.168.2.1: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Reply from 192.168.2.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=50 ms
    Reply from 192.168.2.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=40 ms
    Reply from 192.168.2.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=40 ms
    Reply from 192.168.2.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=40 ms
    Reply from 192.168.2.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=40 ms

  --- 192.168.2.1 ping statistics ---
    5 packet(s) transmitted
    5 packet(s) received
    0.00% packet loss
    round-trip min/avg/max = 40/42/50 ms

③ISP访问 (R2)
PC>ping 123.123.123.1

Ping 123.123.123.1: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break
From 123.123.123.1: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=254 time=16 ms
From 123.123.123.1: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=254 time<1 ms
From 123.123.123.1: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=254 time=31 ms
From 123.123.123.1: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=254 time=31 ms
From 123.123.123.1: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=254 time=16 ms

--- 123.123.123.1 ping statistics ---
  5 packet(s) transmitted
  5 packet(s) received
  0.00% packet loss
  round-trip min/avg/max = 0/18/31 ms

问题：

在配置GRE时，产生了配置问题，使得协议不启动，而接口启动

[R4-Tunnel0/0/1]description
[R4-Tunnel0/0/1]destination

此时本地路由表也没有T0/0/1这个网段的信息

在网络连通的情况下

发现是看错了！！！已修改

灞波儿奔丶丶丶

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