题目大意
给定积性函数 f ( p k ) = p ⊕ c f(p^k)=p \oplus c f(pk)=p⊕c,求 ∑ i = 1 n f ( i ) \sum_{i=1}^nf(i) ∑i=1nf(i)
解题思路
这个题目满足 f ( p ) = p − 1 , p > 2 f(p)=p-1,p>2 f(p)=p−1,p>2,且 f ( p k ) f(p^k) f(pk)能够快速求出,而且数据范围也是线性筛解决不了的,杜教筛也无法构造,那么只能考虑亚线性筛,那么就是 m i n _ 25 min\_25 min_25筛了
对于 2 2 2的特殊情况,我们可以仍然先按照 f ( 2 ) = 2 − 1 f(2)=2-1 f(2)=2−1来计算,然后在计算过程中每次遇到 2 2 2就将答案加上2即可,在 S ( n , j ) S(n,j) S(n,j)函数中,显然当 j = 1 j=1 j=1时代表第一个质数,也就是 2 2 2筛过之后的和,那么这时将答案加 2 2 2,其余部分均和模板类似
//
// Created by Happig on 2020/10/4
//
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <unordered_set>
using namespace std;
#define fi first
#define se second
#define pb push_back
#define ins insert
#define Vector Point
#define ENDL "\n"
#define lowbit(x) (x&(-x))
#define mkp(x, y) make_pair(x,y)
#define mem(a, x) memset(a,x,sizeof a);
typedef long long ll;
typedef long double ld;
typedef unsigned long long ull;
typedef pair<int, int> pii;
typedef pair<ll, ll> pll;
typedef pair<double, double> pdd;
const double eps = 1e-8;
const double pi = acos(-1.0);
const int inf = 0x3f3f3f3f;
const double dinf = 1e300;
const ll INF = 1e18;
const int Mod = 1e9 + 7;
const int maxn = 1e6 + 10;
ll inv2 = 5e8 + 4;
ll prime[maxn], sum[maxn];
ll w[maxn], id1[maxn], id2[maxn], g[maxn], g1[maxn];
bitset<maxn> vis;
ll n;
int m, cnt, tot;
inline ll getID(ll x) {
return x <= m ? id1[x] : id2[n / x];
}
inline void getMod(ll &x) {
x %= Mod;
x = x < 0 ? x + Mod : x;
}
void init() {
vis.reset();
vis[1] = 1;
m = sqrt(n + 0.5), cnt = tot = 0;
for (int i = 2; i <= m; i++) {
if (!vis[i]) {
prime[++cnt] = i;
sum[cnt] = sum[cnt - 1] + i;
}
for (int j = 1; j <= cnt && 1LL * i * prime[j] <= m; j++) {
vis[i * prime[j]] = 1;
if (i % prime[j] == 0) break;
}
}
for (ll l = 1, r; l <= n; l = r + 1) {
r = n / (n / l);
w[++tot] = n / l;
g[tot] = (w[tot] - 1 + Mod) % Mod;
g1[tot] = w[tot] % Mod * (w[tot] + 1) % Mod * inv2 % Mod;
g1[tot]--;
if (n / l <= m) id1[n / l] = tot;
else id2[r] = tot;
}
for (int i = 1; i <= cnt; i++) {
for (int j = 1; j <= tot && prime[i] * prime[i] <= w[j]; j++) {
ll k = getID(w[j] / prime[i]);
g[j] -= g[k] - i + 1;
g1[j] -= prime[i] * (g1[k] - sum[i - 1] + Mod) % Mod;
getMod(g[j]);
getMod(g1[j]);
}
}
}
ll S(ll x, int y) {
if (x <= 1 || prime[y] > x) return 0;
ll k = getID(x);
ll ans = (g1[k] - sum[y - 1] - g[k] + y - 1 + (y == 1 ? 2 : 0) + Mod) % Mod;
for (int i = y; i <= cnt && prime[i] * prime[i] <= x; i++) {
ll pe = prime[i];
for (int e = 1; pe * prime[i] <= x; e++, pe *= prime[i]) {
ans = (ans + (prime[i] ^ e) * S(x / pe, i + 1) % Mod + (prime[i] ^ e + 1) % Mod) % Mod;
}
}
return ans % Mod;
}
int main() {
//freopen("in.txt","r",stdin);
//freopen("out.txt","w",stdout);
ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0), cin.tie(0), cout.tie(0);
cin >> n;
init();
ll ans = S(n, 1) + 1;
getMod(ans);
cout << ans << ENDL;
return 0;
}