4.1 构造器注入
即在配置文件中，通过bean标签，使用 constructor-arg 子标签实现。
4.2 setter()注入
4.2.1 简介
依赖注入一词，依赖 指的是bean对象的创建依赖于Spring容器。注入 则指的是bean里面的属性值，由SPring传递。
4.2.2 环境配置
Address:
package com.yun.pojo;
public class Address {
private String address;
public String getAddress() {
return address;
}
public void setAddress(String address) {
this.address = address;
}
}
Student:
package com.yun.pojo;
import java.util.*;
public class Student {
private String name;
private Address address;
private String[] books;
private List<String> hobbies;
private Map<String,String> card;
private Set<String> games;
private String wife;
private Properties info;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Address getAddress() {
return address;
}
public void setAddress(Address address) {
this.address = address;
}
public String[] getBooks() {
return books;
}
public void setBooks(String[] books) {
this.books = books;
}
public List<String> getHobbies() {
return hobbies;
}
public void setHobbies(List<String> hobbies) {
this.hobbies = hobbies;
}
public Map<String, String> getCard() {
return card;
}
public void setCard(Map<String, String> card) {
this.card = card;
}
public Set<String> getGames() {
return games;
}
public void setGames(Set<String> games) {
this.games = games;
}
public String getWife() {
return wife;
}
public void setWife(String wife) {
this.wife = wife;
}
public Properties getInfo() {
return info;
}
public void setInfo(Properties info) {
this.info = info;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", address=" + address +
", books=" + Arrays.toString(books) +
", hobbies=" + hobbies +
", card=" + card +
", games=" + games +
", wife='" + wife + '\'' +
", info=" + info +
'}';
}
}
applicationContext.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="student" class="com.yun.pojo.Student">
<property name="name" value="张三"/>
</bean>
</beans>
测试接口：
package com.yun;
import com.yun.pojo.Student;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class MyTest {
@Test
public void test(){
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
Student student = (Student)context.getBean("student");
System.out.println(student);
}
}
4.2.3 各类型的依赖注入
-
普通类型注入：
<bean id="student" class="com.yun.pojo.Student"> <property name="name" value="张三"/> </bean> -
对象属性注入：
<bean id="address1" class="com.yun.pojo.Address"> <property name="address" value="武汉"/> </bean> <bean id="student" class="com.yun.pojo.Student"> <!-- 对象属性注入--> <property name="address" ref="address1"/> </bean> -
数组属性注入：
<bean id="student" class="com.yun.pojo.Student"> <!-- 数组注入--> <property name="books"> <array> <value>斗破苍穹</value> <value>斗罗大陆</value> <value>善良的死神</value> <value>仙逆</value> </array> </property> </bean> -
List属性注入：
<bean id="student" class="com.yun.pojo.Student"> <!--list属性注入--> <property name="hobbies"> <list> <value>打游戏</value> <value>听歌</value> <value>看电影</value> </list> </property> </bean> -
map属性注入：
<bean id="student" class="com.yun.pojo.Student"> <!-- map属性注入--> <property name="card"> <map> <entry key="身份证" value="中国公民身份证"/> <entry key="银行卡" value="中国农业银行储蓄卡"/> <entry key="信用卡" value="建设银行龙卡"/> </map> </property> </bean> -
Set属性注入：
<bean id="student" class="com.yun.pojo.Student"> <!-- set属性注入--> <property name="games"> <set> <value>绝地求生</value> <value>GTA5</value> </set> </property> </bean> -
null属性注入：
<bean id="student" class="com.yun.pojo.Student"> <!--null属性注入--> <property name="wife"> <null/> </property> </bean> -
Properties属性注入：
<bean id="student" class="com.yun.pojo.Student"> <!-- Properties属性注入--> <property name="info"> <props> <prop key="学号">202545877</prop> <prop key="性别">男</prop> </props> </property> </bean> -
applicationContext.xml概览：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"> <bean id="address1" class="com.yun.pojo.Address"> <property name="address" value="武汉"/> </bean> <bean id="student" class="com.yun.pojo.Student"> <!-- 普通类型注入--> <property name="name" value="张三"/> <!-- 对象属性注入--> <property name="address" ref="address1"/> <!-- 数组注入--> <property name="books"> <array> <value>斗破苍穹</value> <value>斗罗大陆</value> <value>善良的死神</value> <value>仙逆</value> </array> </property> <!-- list属性注入--> <property name="hobbies"> <list> <value>打游戏</value> <value>听歌</value> <value>看电影</value> </list> </property> <!-- map属性注入--> <property name="card"> <map> <entry key="身份证" value="中国公民身份证"/> <entry key="银行卡" value="中国农业银行储蓄卡"/> <entry key="信用卡" value="建设银行龙卡"/> </map> </property> <!-- set属性注入--> <property name="games"> <set> <value>绝地求生</value> <value>GTA5</value> </set> </property> <!--null属性注入--> <property name="wife"> <null/> </property> <!-- Properties属性注入--> <property name="info"> <props> <prop key="学号">202545877</prop> <prop key="性别">男</prop> </props> </property> </bean> </beans>
输出结果：
Student{name='张三', address=Address{address='武汉'}, books=[斗破苍穹, 斗罗大陆, 善良的死神, 仙逆], hobbies=[打游戏, 听歌, 看电影], card={身份证=中国公民身份证, 银行卡=中国农业银行储蓄卡, 信用卡=建设银行龙卡}, games=[绝地求生, GTA5], wife='null', info={学号=202545877, 性别=男}}
总结： arry、list、set、Properties 都是通过标签包含传值，并不是所谓的属性传值。
4.3 其他注入
4.3.1 P命名空间注入
约束：
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
例子：
User.java
package com.yun.pojo;
public class User {
private String name;
private int age;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
'}';
}
}
beans.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="user" class="com.yun.pojo.User" p:name="李四" p:age="20"/>
</beans>
<!--导入约束，使用P标签-->
提示： 在Spring配置文件applicationContext.xml中，使用import导入bean.xml，或者将beans.xml作为Spring配置文件。
测试接口：
package com.yun;
import com.yun.pojo.Student;
import com.yun.pojo.User;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class MyTest {
@Test
public void test(){
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
User user = context.getBean("user", User.class);
System.out.println(user);
}
}
总结： p命名空间的依赖注入方式，本质上应该依旧是setter()注入。
4.3.2 c命名空间注入
User.java
package com.yun.pojo;
public class User {
private String name;
private int age;
public User(String name, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
'}';
}
}
bean.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="user" class="com.yun.pojo.User" c:name="王五" c:age="20"/>
</beans>
提示： 在Spring配置文件applicationContext.xml中，使用import导入bean.xml，或者将beans.xml作为Spring配置文件。
测试接口：
package com.yun;
import com.yun.pojo.Student;
import com.yun.pojo.User;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class MyTest {
@Test
public void test(){
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
User user = context.getBean("user", User.class);
System.out.println(user);
}
}
总结： c命名空间的依赖注入，本质上是构造器注入，因此实体类必须拥有有参构造。
4.4 bean的作用域
4.4.1 简介
Spring在创建bean对象之后，bean拥有着6种作用域：singeleton、prototype、request、session、application、websocket 。
4.4.2 singeleton单例模式
applicationContext.xml：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="user" class="com.yun.pojo.User" c:name="王五" c:age="20" scope="singleton"/>
</beans>
测试接口：
package com.yun;
import com.yun.pojo.Student;
import com.yun.pojo.User;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class MyTest {
@Test
public void test(){
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
User user = context.getBean("user", User.class);
User user1 = context.getBean("user", User.class);
System.out.println(user==user1);
}
}
提示： 输出结果为 true ，因为当前的Bean的作用域设置为singleton，并且Spring的bean作用域默认为singleton，所以，从容器内获取的实体类对象，都会受singleton单例的影响，只会创建一个实例。
4.4.3 prototype原型模式
applicationContext.xml：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="user" class="com.yun.pojo.User" c:name="王五" c:age="20" scope="prototype"/>
</beans>
测试接口：
package com.yun;
import com.yun.pojo.Student;
import com.yun.pojo.User;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class MyTest {
@Test
public void test(){
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
User user = context.getBean("user", User.class);
User user1 = context.getBean("user", User.class);
System.out.println(user==user1);
}
}
提示： 输出结果为 flase ，prototype 原型模式，每一次从容器内获取对象，都会创建一个新的对象。
4.4.4 request、session、application
此三种，只会在web开发中使用，具体详情需要查询官方文档。
写在最后，Spring学到这里，依旧有着不小的疑问，例如IOC注入到底有什么用；当我们使用bean进行依赖注入时，会不会把数据写死了；如果不是，那么IOC注入到底该怎么用。
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