[安卓课内笔记]数据存储解决方案

一、文件存储

使用IO流操作文件

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二、SharedPreferences存储

• 使用键值对的方式来存储数据
• 数据存储在：工作目录/data/data/项目包名/shared_prefs/目录下

使用下方封装的工具类进行操作

public class DataHelper {

    /**
     * SharedPreferences方式存储
     * @param context XML的文件名，通常取模块名
     * @param key     存储在XML中的key
     * @param value   值
     */
    public static void putData2SharedPreferences(Context context, String moduleName, String key, Object value) {
        SharedPreferences sharedPreferences = context.getSharedPreferences(moduleName, Context.MODE_PRIVATE); // 私有数据
        Editor editor = sharedPreferences.edit();
        if (value instanceof Boolean) {
            editor.putBoolean(key, (Boolean) value);
        } else if (value instanceof Integer) {
            editor.putInt(key, (Integer) value);
        } else if (value instanceof String) {
            editor.putString(key, (String) value);
        } else if (value instanceof Long) {
            editor.putLong(key, (Long) value);
        } else if (value instanceof Float) {
            editor.putFloat(key, (Float) value);
        }
        editor.apply();
    }

    /**
     * 在SP中读取String
     * @param context
     * @param name
     * @param key
     * @return
     */
    public static String getStringFromSharedPreferences(Context context, String name , String key) {
        SharedPreferences sharedPreferences = context.getSharedPreferences(name, Context.MODE_PRIVATE); // 私有数据
        return sharedPreferences.getString(key, "");
    }


    /**
     * 在SP中读取Boolean
     * @param context
     * @param name
     * @param key
     * @return
     */
    public static Boolean getBooleanFromSharedPreferences(Context context, String name , String key) {
        SharedPreferences sharedPreferences = context.getSharedPreferences(name, Context.MODE_PRIVATE); // 私有数据
        return sharedPreferences.getBoolean(key, false);
    }

    /**
     * 在SP中读取int
     * @param context
     * @param name
     * @param key
     * @return
     */
    public static int getIntFromSharedPreferences(Context context, String name , String key) {
        SharedPreferences sharedPreferences = context.getSharedPreferences(name, Context.MODE_PRIVATE); // 私有数据
        return sharedPreferences.getInt(key, -1);
    }
}

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三、SQLite数据库存储

Android系统内置了数据库。SQLite是一款轻量级的关系型数据库

使用下方封装的工具类进行操作

public class UserDB {

    private static String DB_Name = "UserInfo";
    private static int DB_Version = 1;
    private static SQLiteDatabase sqLiteDatabase;

    public static class UserDBOpenHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper{

        private Context mContext;

        /**
         * 建表语句
         * 字段：性别、年龄、昵称、账户、密码
         */
        private static String SQL = "create table UserInfo (" +
                "       id integer primary key autoincrement," +
                "       account text," +
                "       name text," +
                "       sex text," +
                "       age integer ," +
                "       password text" +
                ")";


        /**
         * 构造函数：传入context
         * @param context
         */
        public UserDBOpenHelper(@Nullable Context context) {
            super(context, DB_Name, null, DB_Version);
            mContext = context;
        }

        @Override
        public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {
            db.execSQL(SQL);                //执行建表语句
            Toast.makeText(mContext,"Create Table succeeded",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }

        @Override
        public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {
            db.execSQL("drop table if exists UserInfo");//如果存在，则删除
            db.execSQL(SQL);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 插入记录
     * @param user
     */
    public long InsertData(User user){
        ContentValues contentValues = new ContentValues();

        contentValues.put("account",user.getAccount());
        contentValues.put("name",user.getName());
        contentValues.put("sex",user.getSex());
        contentValues.put("age",user.getAge());
        contentValues.put("password",user.getPassword());

        return sqLiteDatabase.insert("UserInfo",null,contentValues);
    }

    /**
     * 打开数据库
     * @param context
     */
    public void OpenUserDB(Context context){
        UserDBOpenHelper userDBOpenHelper = new UserDBOpenHelper(context);
        sqLiteDatabase = userDBOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase();
    }

    /**
     * 查询所有用户：将用户映射到一个用户集合
     * @return
     */
    public List<User> FindAllUsers(){
        List<User> users = new ArrayList<>();
        Cursor UserInfo = sqLiteDatabase.query("UserInfo", null,
                null, null,
                null, null, null);

        while(UserInfo.moveToNext()){
            String account = UserInfo.getString(UserInfo.getColumnIndex("account"));
            String name = UserInfo.getString(UserInfo.getColumnIndex("name"));
            String sex = UserInfo.getString(UserInfo.getColumnIndex("sex"));
            int age = Integer.parseInt(UserInfo.getString(UserInfo.getColumnIndex("age")));
            String password = UserInfo.getString(UserInfo.getColumnIndex("password"));
            User user = new User(account,password,name,sex,age);
            users.add(user);
        }

        return users;
    }

    /**
     * 通过账户找到用用户记录映射到User对象
     * select * from UserInfo where account = ?
     */
    public User findUserByAccount(String srcAccount){
        Cursor cursor = sqLiteDatabase.query("UserInfo",null,"account = ?",new String[]{srcAccount},
                null,null,null);

        User user = null;
        while(cursor.moveToNext()) {
            String account = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("account"));
            String name = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("name"));
            String sex = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("sex"));
            int age = Integer.parseInt(cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("age")));
            String password = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("password"));
            user = new User(account,password,name,sex,age);
        }

        return user;
    }

    /**
     * 更新用户信息
     * @param srcAccount
     * @param account
     * @param name
     * @param sex
     * @param age
     * @param password
     */
    public void UpdateByAccount(String srcAccount, String account,String name,String sex,String age,String password){
        ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
        values.put("account",account);
        values.put("name",name);
        values.put("password",password);
        values.put("age",age);
        values.put("sex",sex);

        sqLiteDatabase.update("UserInfo",values,"account = ?",new String[]{srcAccount});
    }

    //根据账户名字删除数据库记录
    public boolean DeleteUserName(String account) {
        return sqLiteDatabase.delete("UserInfo","account = ?",new String[]{account} )> 0;
    }
}