4.1-Mybatis

Mybatis

1.简介

1.1 mybatis

MyBatis 是一款优秀的持久层框架,它支持定制化 SQL、存储过程以及高级映射。MyBatis 避免了几乎所有的 JDBC 代码和手动设置参数以及获取结果集。MyBatis 可以使用简单的 XML 或注解来配置和映射原生信息,将接口和 Java 的 POJOs(Plain Ordinary Java Object,普通的 Java对象)映射成数据库中的记录。

获取

  • maven
  • github

1.2 持久层

持久化:将程序数据在持久状态和瞬时状态间转换的机制。通俗的讲,就是瞬时数据(比如内存中的数据,是不能永久保存的)持久化为持久数据(比如持久化至数据库中,能够长久保存)。

持久层:完成持久化工作的代码块

2.第一个程序

2.1 搭建环境

搭建数据库

create database `mybatis`;

use mybatis;

create table user(
	id int(20) not null primary key,
    name varchar(30) default null,
    pwd varchar(30) default null
)engine=innodb default charset=utf8;

insert into user values(1,'name','pwd');

新建项目(IDEA)

  1. 新建maven项目
  2. 删除 src 目录
  3. 导入依赖

2.2 新建模块(基于上述项目, maven)

  • 配置mybatis
    新建 /src/resources/mybatis-config.xml

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
    <!DOCTYPE configuration
            PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
            "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
    <configuration>
        <environments default="development">
            <environment id="development">
                <transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
                <dataSource type="POOLED">
                    <property name="driver" value="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"/>
                    <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis?useSSL=true&amp;useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=UTF-8&amp;serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai"/>
                    <property name="username" value="root"/>
                    <property name="password" value="root"/>
                </dataSource>
            </environment>
        </environments>
    
        <mappers>
            <mapper resource="cqu/ma/dao/UserMapper.xml"/>
        </mappers>
    </configuration>
    
  • 编写工具类 (获取 SqlSession 对象)

    package cqu.ma.utils;
    
    import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
    import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
    import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
    import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;
    
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.io.InputStream;
    
    public class MybatisUtil {
    
        private static SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory;
    
        static{
    
            try {
                //使用 mybatis 第一步:获取 sqlSessionsFactory 对象
                String resource = "mybatis-config.xml";
                InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
                sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    
        //通过 sqlSessionFactory 获取 sqlSession 对象
        //SqlSession 提供了在数据库执行 SQL 命令所需的所有方法。你可以通过 SqlSession 实例来直接执行已映射的 SQL 语句
        public static SqlSession getSqlSession(){
            return sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
        }
    }
    
    

2.3 编写代码

  1. pojo.User (简单类对于数据库 user表)

    package cqu.ma.pojo;
    
    public class User {
        private int id;
        private String name;
        private String pwd;
    
        public User() {
        }
    
        public User(int id, String name, String pwd) {
            this.id = id;
            this.name = name;
            this.pwd = pwd;
        }
    
        public int getId() {
            return id;
        }
    
        public void setId(int id) {
            this.id = id;
        }
    
        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }
    
        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
    
        public String getPwd() {
            return pwd;
        }
    
        public void setPwd(String pwd) {
            this.pwd = pwd;
        }
    
        @Override
        public String toString(){
            return "user{"
                    +this.id
                    +","
                    +this.name
                    +","
                    +this.pwd
                    +"}";
        }
    }
    
    
  2. dao.UserDao (dao 接口)

    package cqu.ma.dao;
    
    import cqu.ma.pojo.User;
    
    import java.util.List;
    
    public interface UserDao {
        public List<User> getUserList();
    }
    
  3. dao/UserMapper.xml

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
    <!DOCTYPE mapper
            PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
            "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
    <!--namespace 绑定一个对应的 DAO/Mapper 接口-->
    <mapper namespace="cqu.ma.dao.UserDao">
        <!--id=方法名-->
        <select id="getUserList" resultType="cqu.ma.pojo.User">
            select * from mybatis.user
        </select>
    </mapper>
    

2.4 测试

注意:

  • mybatis-config.xml 中需要注册 对应的mapper.xml

  • maven约定大于配置,可能写的配置文件无法导出
    解决:在 pom.xml 中添加

    <build>
    	<resources>
        	<resource>
            	<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*.properties</include>
                    <include>**/*.xml</include>
                </includes>
                <filtering>true</filtering>
            </resource>
            
            <resource>
            	<directory>src/main/java</directory>
                <includes>
                	<include>**/*.properties</include>
                    <include>**/*.xml</include>
                </includes>
                <filtering>true</filtering>
            </resource>
        </resources>
    </build>
    

测试代码

package cqu.ma.dao;

import cqu.ma.pojo.User;
import cqu.ma.utils.MybatisUtil;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.junit.Test;

import java.util.List;

public class UserDaoTest {
    @Test
    public void test(){
        //1.获取 sqlSession
        SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtil.getSqlSession();
        //2.执行 sql
        UserDao userDao = sqlSession.getMapper(UserDao.class);
        List<User> userList = userDao.getUserList();

        for(User user:userList){
            System.out.println(user);
        }

        //3.关闭
        sqlSession.close();
    }
}

2.5 总结

  1. mybatis-config.xml 核心配置文件
  2. 由该配置文件创建一个 SqlSessionFactory 对象
  3. 由SqlSessionFactory 对象 获取 SqlSession 对象
  4. dao接口类,mapper.xml 代替 dao接口实现类,并在 mabatis-config.xml中注册该 mapper.xml
  5. 测试

3. CRUD

dao/mapper

package cqu.ma.dao;

import cqu.ma.pojo.User;

import java.util.List;

public interface UserMapper {
    public List<User> getUserList();

    public User getUserById(int id);

    public int addUser(User user);

    public int updateUser(User user);

    public int deleteUser(int id);
}

mapper.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<!--namespace 绑定一个对应的DAO/Mapper接口-->
<mapper namespace="cqu.ma.dao.UserMapper">
    <!-- id=方法名 -->
    <select id="getUserList" resultType="cqu.ma.pojo.User">
        select * from mybatis.user
    </select>
    
    <select id="getUserById" parameterType="int" resultType="cqu.ma.pojo.User">
        select * from mybatis.user where id = #{id}
    </select>
    
    <!--对象中的属性可以直接取出来-->
    <insert id="addUser" parameterType="cqu.ma.pojo.User">
        insert into mybatis.user(id,name,pwd) values(#{id},#{name},#{pwd})
    </insert>
    
    <update id="updateUser" parameterType="cqu.ma.pojo.User">
        update mybatis.user set name=#{name}, pwd=#{pwd} where id=#{id}
    </update>

    <delete id="deleteUser" parameterType="int">
        delete from mybatis.user where id=#{id}
    </delete>
</mapper>

test

package cqu.ma.dao;

import cqu.ma.pojo.User;
import cqu.ma.utils.MybatisUtil;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.junit.Test;

import java.util.List;

public class UserDaoTest {
    @Test
    public void test(){
        //1.获取 sqlSession
        SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtil.getSqlSession();

        //2.执行 sql

        //方式1:getMapper
        UserMapper userDao = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
        List<User> userList = userDao.getUserList();

        //方式2:
        //List<User> userList = sqlSession.selectList("cqu.ma.dao.UserDao.getUserList");

        for(User user:userList){
            System.out.println(user);
        }

        //3.关闭
        sqlSession.close();
    }
    @Test
    public void getUserById(){
        SqlSession session = MybatisUtil.getSqlSession();

        UserMapper mapper = session.getMapper(UserMapper.class);

        User user = mapper.getUserById(1);

        System.out.println(user);

        session.close();
    }

    @Test
    public void addUser(){
        //增删改需要提交事务
        SqlSession session = MybatisUtil.getSqlSession();

        UserMapper mapper = session.getMapper(UserMapper.class);

        int n = mapper.addUser(new User(3,"用户3","333"));
        System.out.println(n);

        //提交事务
        session.commit();

        session.close();
    }
    @Test
    public void updateUser(){
        SqlSession session = MybatisUtil.getSqlSession();

        UserMapper mapper = session.getMapper(UserMapper.class);

        int n = mapper.updateUser(new User(3,"新用户3","11111"));
        System.out.println(n);

        session.commit();
        session.close();
    }
    @Test
    public void deleteUser(){
        SqlSession session = MybatisUtil.getSqlSession();

        UserMapper mapper = session.getMapper(UserMapper.class);

        int n = mapper.deleteUser(3);
        System.out.println(n);

        session.commit();
        session.close();
    }
}


模糊查询

select * from mybatis.user where name like "%"#{value}"%"

4.配置解析

4.1 核心配置文件

4.2 environments

MyBatis 可以配置成适应多种环境,这种机制有助于将 SQL 映射应用于多种数据库之中, 现实情况下有多种理由需要这么做。例如,开发、测试和生产环境需要有不同的配置;或者想在具有相同 Schema 的多个生产数据库中使用相同的 SQL 映射。还有许多类似的使用场景。

不过要记住:尽管可以配置多个环境,但每个 SqlSessionFactory 实例只能选择一种环境。

4.3 properties

这些属性可以在外部进行配置,并可以进行动态替换。你既可以在典型的 Java 属性文件中配置这些属性,也可以在 properties 元素的子元素中设置。

4.4 类型别名

<typeAliases>
        <typeAlias type="cqu.ma.pojo.User" alias="User"></typeAlias>
</typeAliases>

已有的

别名映射的类型
_bytebyte
_longlong
_shortshort
_intint
_integerint
_doubledouble
_floatfloat
_booleanboolean
stringString
byteByte
longLong
shortShort
intInteger
integerInteger
doubleDouble
floatFloat
booleanBoolean
dateDate
decimalBigDecimal
bigdecimalBigDecimal
objectObject
mapMap
hashmapHashMap
listList
arraylistArrayList
collectionCollection
iteratorIterator

5.resultMap

解决java类中属性名与数据库表中字段名不一致问题

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<!--namespace 绑定一个对应的DAO/Mapper接口-->
<mapper namespace="cqu.ma.dao.UserMapper">
    <!--id 名字-->
    <resultMap id="UserMap" type="User">
        <!--column=数据库表中字段名,property=实体类中属性名-->
        <result column="pwd" property="password"></result>
    </resultMap>
    
    <!-- id=方法名 -->
    <select id="getUserList" resultMap="UserMap">
        select * from mybatis.user
    </select>
    <select id="getUserById" parameterType="int" resultType="cqu.ma.pojo.User">
        select * from mybatis.user where id = #{id}
    </select>

</mapper>

6.日志

6.1 日志工厂

settings

logImpl指定 MyBatis 所用日志的具体实现,未指定时将自动查找。SLF4J | LOG4J | LOG4J2 | JDK_LOGGING | COMMONS_LOGGING | STDOUT_LOGGING | NO_LOGGING

STDOUT_LOGGING 标准日志工厂

6.2 Log4j

Log4j是Apache的一个开源项目,通过使用Log4j,我们可以控制日志信息输送的目的地是控制台、文件、GUI组件,甚至是套接口服务器、NT的事件记录器、UNIX Syslog守护进程

  1. 导入

    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/log4j/log4j -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>log4j</groupId>
        <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
        <version>1.2.17</version>
    </dependency>
    
  2. log4j.properties

    #将等级为DEBUG的日志信息输出到console和file
    log4j.rootLogger=DEBUG,console,file
    
    #控制台 console
    log4j.appender.console=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
    log4j.appender.console.Target=System.out
    log4j.appender.console.Threshold=DEBUG
    log4j.appender.console.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
    log4j.appender.console.layout.ConversionPattern=[%c]-%m%n
    
    #文件 file
    log4j.appender.file=org.apache.log4j.RollingFileAppender
    log4j.appender.file.File=./log/ma.log
    log4j.appender.file.MaxFileSize=10mb
    log4j.appender.file.Threshold=DEBUG
    log4j.appender.file.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
    log4j.appender.file.layout.ConversionPattern=[%p][%d{yy-MM-dd}][%c]%m%n
    
    #日志输出级别
    log4j.logger.org.mybatis=DEBUG
    log4j.logger.java.sql=DEBUG
    log4j.logger.java.sql.Statement=DEBUG
    log4j.logger.java.slq.ResultSet=DEBUG
    log4j.logger.java.sql.PrepareStatement=DEBUG
    
  3. mybatis-config.xml

    <settings>
    <!--        <setting name="logImpl" value="STDOUT_LOGGING"/>-->
            <setting name="logImpl" value="LOG4J"/>
        </settings>
    

代码中使用Log4j

package cqu.ma;

import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.junit.Test;

public class Log4jTest {
    //参数为当前类 class 对象
    static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(Log4jTest.class);

    @Test
    public void test(){
        logger.info("info: test");
        logger.debug("debug:test");
        logger.error("error:test");
    }
} 

7.分页

select * from `user` limit startIndex,pageSize

8.使用注解开发

适用于简单语句,不用编写 mapper.xml

package cqu.ma.dao;

import cqu.ma.pojo.User;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Select;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

public interface UserMapper {
    @Select("select * from mybatis.user")
    public List<User> getUserList();

}

mybatis-config.xml

    <mappers>
<!--        <mapper resource="cqu/ma/dao/UserMapper.xml"/>-->
        <!--绑定接口-->
        <mapper class="cqu.ma.dao.UserMapper"></mapper>
    </mappers>

9.Lombok

  1. IDEA 安装 lombok (IDEA2021 默认已安装)
  2. 导入lombok依赖
  3. 在实体类上加注解
@Getter and @Setter
@FieldNameConstants
@ToString
@EqualsAndHashCode
@AllArgsConstructor, @RequiredArgsConstructor and @NoArgsConstructor
@Log, @Log4j, @Log4j2, @Slf4j, @XSlf4j, @CommonsLog, @JBossLog, @Flogger, @CustomLog
@Data
@Builder
@SuperBuilder
@Singular
@Delegate
@Value
@Accessors
@Wither
@With
@SneakyThrows
@val
@var
experimental @var
@UtilityClass
@Data : 无参构造,getter,setter,toString,hashCode,equals
@AllArgsConstructor() //显示定义有参构造,若需要无参构造仍需要显示定义
@NoArgsConstructor()

10.多对一

package cqu.ma.pojo;

import lombok.Data;

@Data
public class Student {
    private int id;
    private String name;

    private Teacher teacher;
}
package cqu.ma.pojo;

import lombok.Data;

@Data
public class Teacher {
    private int id;
    private String name;
}

按照查询嵌套处理

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<!--namespace 绑定一个对应的DAO/Mapper接口-->
<mapper namespace="cqu.ma.dao.StudentMapper">
    <resultMap id="StudentMap" type="cqu.ma.pojo.Student">
        <result column="id" property="id"></result>
        <result column="name" property="name"></result>
        <!--复杂属性
            对象 : association
            集合 : collection
        -->
        <association property="teacher" column="tid" javaType="cqu.ma.pojo.Teacher" select="getTeacher"></association>
    </resultMap>

    <select id="getStudents" resultMap="StudentMap">
        select * from student
    </select>
    <select id="getTeacher" resultType="cqu.ma.pojo.Teacher">
        select * from teacher where id=#{id}
    </select>
</mapper>

按照结果嵌套处理

<select id="getStudents2" resultMap="StudentMap2">
    select s.id sid, s.name sname, t.id tid, t.name tname
    from student s, teacher t
    where s.tid=t.id;
</select>
<resultMap id="StudentMap2" type="cqu.ma.pojo.Student">
    <result property="id" column="sid"></result>
    <result property="name" column="sname"></result>
    <association property="teacher" javaType="cqu.ma.pojo.Teacher">
        <result property="id" column="tid"></result>
        <result property="name" column="tname"></result>
    </association>
</resultMap>

11.一对多

package cqu.ma.pojo;

import lombok.Data;

@Data
public class Student {
    private int id;
    private String name;

    private int tid;
}
package cqu.ma.pojo;

import lombok.Data;

import java.util.List;

@Data
public class Teacher {
    private int id;
    private String name;

    private List<Student> students;
}
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<!--namespace 绑定一个对应的DAO/Mapper接口-->
<mapper namespace="cqu.ma.dao.TeacherMapper">
    <!--按结果嵌套-->
    <select id="getTeacher" resultMap="TeacherMap">
        select s.id sid, s.name sname, t.name tname, t.id tid
        from teacher t, student s
        where s.tid=t.id and t.id=#{tid}
    </select>

    <resultMap id="TeacherMap" type="cqu.ma.pojo.Teacher">
        <result property="id" column="tid"></result>
        <result property="name" column="tname"></result>
        <!--复杂属性-->
        <collection property="students" ofType="cqu.ma.pojo.Student">
            <result property="id" column="sid"></result>
            <result property="name" column="sname"></result>
            <result property="tid" column="tid"></result>
        </collection>
    </resultMap>


    <!--按照查询嵌套-->
    <select id="getTeacher2" resultMap="TeacherMap2">
        select * from teacher where id=#{tid}
    </select>

    <resultMap id="TeacherMap2" type="cqu.ma.pojo.Teacher">
        <result property="id" column="id"></result>
        <collection property="students" column="id" javaType="ArrayList" ofType="cqu.ma.pojo.Student" select="getStudentsByTid"></collection>
    </resultMap>
    <select id="getStudentsByTid" resultType="cqu.ma.pojo.Student">
        select * from student where tid=#{tid}
    </select>

</mapper>

小结

  1. association 多对一
  2. collection 一对多
  3. javaType 指定实体类中属性类型
  4. ofType 指定泛型约束类型(如集合范型参数)

12.动态sql

动态 SQL 是 MyBatis 的强大特性之一。如果你使用过 JDBC 或其它类似的框架,你应该能理解根据不同条件拼接 SQL 语句有多痛苦,例如拼接时要确保不能忘记添加必要的空格,还要注意去掉列表最后一个列名的逗号。利用动态 SQL,可以彻底摆脱这种痛苦。

使用动态 SQL 并非一件易事,但借助可用于任何 SQL 映射语句中的强大的动态 SQL 语言,MyBatis 显著地提升了这一特性的易用性。

如果你之前用过 JSTL 或任何基于类 XML 语言的文本处理器,你对动态 SQL 元素可能会感觉似曾相识。在 MyBatis 之前的版本中,需要花时间了解大量的元素。借助功能强大的基于 OGNL 的表达式,MyBatis 3 替换了之前的大部分元素,大大精简了元素种类,现在要学习的元素种类比原来的一半还要少。

  • if
  • choose (when, otherwise)
  • trim (where, set)
  • foreach

IF

package cqu.ma.dao;

import cqu.ma.pojo.Blog;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

public interface BlogMapper {

    public int addBlog(Blog blog);

    public List<Blog> getBlogsIF(Map map);
}
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<!--namespace 绑定一个对应的DAO/Mapper接口-->
<mapper namespace="cqu.ma.dao.BlogMapper">
    <insert id="addBlog" parameterType="cqu.ma.pojo.Blog">
        insert into blog(id,title,author,create_time,views)
        values(#{id},#{title},#{author},#{createTime},#{views})
    </insert>

    <select id="getBlogsIF" parameterType="map" resultType="cqu.ma.pojo.Blog">
        select * from blog where 1=1
        <if test="title != null">
            and title=#{title}
        </if>
        <if test="author != null">
            and author=#{author}
        </if>
    </select>

</mapper>
@Test
    public void getBlogsIF(){
        SqlSession session = MybatisUtil.getSqlSession();
        BlogMapper mapper = session.getMapper(BlogMapper.class);
        Map<String,String> map = new HashMap<>();
//        map.put("title","t1");
        map.put("author","a1");
        List<Blog> blogs = mapper.getBlogsIF(map);

        for (Blog blog : blogs) {
            System.out.println(blog);
        }

        session.close();
    }

choose

类似 switch case

<select id="getBlogsChoose" parameterType="map" resultType="cqu.ma.pojo.Blog">
        select * from blog
        <where>
            <choose>
                <when test="title!=null">
                    title=#{title}
                </when>
                <when test="author!=null">
                    author=#{author}
                </when>
                <otherwise>
                    views=#{views}
                </otherwise>
            </choose>
        </where>
    </select>

trim (where, set)

where

select * from blog
<where>
	<if test="title!=null">
    	title=#{title}
    </if>
    <if test="author!=null">
    	and author=#{author}
    </if>
</where>

<!-- where 标签 处理条件 -->

set

    <update id="updateBlogSET" parameterType="map">
        update blog
        <set>
            <if test="title!=null">
                title=#{title},
            </if>
            <if test="author!=null">
                author=#{author}
            </if>
        </set>
        where id=#{id}
    </update>

foreach

    <select id="getBlogsForeach" parameterType="map" resultType="cqu.ma.pojo.Blog">
        select * from blog
        <where>
            <!--collection 集合名字 item 取出每个元素 命名w-->
            <foreach collection="views" item="view" open="(" close=")" separator="or">
                views=#{view}
            </foreach>
        </where>
    </select>
@Test
    public void getBlogsForeach(){
        SqlSession session = MybatisUtil.getSqlSession();
        BlogMapper mapper = session.getMapper(BlogMapper.class);
        Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
        List<Integer> views = new ArrayList<>();
        views.add(0);
        views.add(9);
        map.put("views",views);
        List<Blog> blogs = mapper.getBlogsForeach(map);

        for (Blog blog : blogs) {
            System.out.println(blog);
        }

        session.close();
    }

sql片段

	<sql id="if-title-author">
     0   <if test="title != null">
            and title=#{title}
        </if>
        <if test="author != null">
            and author=#{author}
        </if>
    </sql>


    <select id="getBlogsIF" parameterType="map" resultType="cqu.ma.pojo.Blog">
        select * from blog where 1=1
        <include refid="if-title-author"></include>
    </select>
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