lamp搭建

最新推荐文章于 2021-04-07 20:45:55 发布

岛屿有雨 i

最新推荐文章于 2021-04-07 20:45:55 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_44784155/article/details/107136635

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1. lamp简介

lamp是一个常用的web架构

所谓lamp，其实就是由Linux+Apache+Mysql/MariaDB+Php/Perl/Python的一组动态网站或者服务器的开源软件，除Linux外其它各部件本身都是各自独立的程序，但是因为经常被放在一起使用，拥有了越来越高的兼容度，共同组成了一个强大的Web应用程序平台。

LAMP指的是Linux（操作系统）、Apache（HTTP服务器）、MySQL（也指MariaDB，数据库软件）和PHP（有时也是指Perl或Python）的第一个字母，一般用来建立web应用平台。

2. web服务器工作流程

web服务器的资源分为两种，静态资源和动态资源

静态资源就是指静态内容，客户端从服务器获得的资源的表现形式与原文件相同。可以简单的理解为就是直接存储于文件系统中的资源
动态资源则通常是程序文件，需要在服务器执行之后，将执行的结果返回给客户端

在这里插入图片描述

2.1CGI和FastCGI

-CGI（Common Gateway Interface，通用网关接口），CGI是外部应用程序（CGI程序）与WEB服务器之间的接口标准，是在CGI程序和Web服务器之间传递信息的过程。CGI规范允许Web服务器执行外部程序，并将它们的输出发送给Web浏览器，CGI将web的一组简单的静态超媒体文档变成一个完整的新的交互式媒体

-FastCGI（Fast Common Gateway Interface）是CGI的改良版，CGI是通过启用一个解释器进程来处理每个请求，耗时且耗资源，而FastCGI则是通过master-worker形式来处理每个请求，即启动一个master主进程，然后根据配置启动几个worker进程，当请求进来时，master会从worker进程中选择一个去处理请求，这样就避免了重复的生成和杀死进程带来的频繁cpu上下文切换而导致耗时

2.2 httpd与php结合的方式

httpd与php结合的方式有以下三种：

modules：php将以httpd的扩展模块形式存在，需要加载动态资源时，httpd可以直接通过php模块来加工资源并返回给客户端
- httpd prefork：libphp5.so（多进程模型的php）
- httpd event or worker：libphp5-zts.so（线程模型的php）
CGI：httpd需要加载动态资源时，通过CGI与php解释器联系，获得php执行的结果，此时httpd负责与php连接的建立和断开等
FastCGI：利用php-fpm机制，启动为服务进程，php自行运行为一个服务，https通过socket与php通信

较于CGI方式，FastCGI更为常用，很少有人使用CGI方式来加载动态资源

2.3 web工作流程

客户端通过http协议请求web服务器资源
web服务器收到请求后判断客户端请求的资源是静态资源或是动态资源
- 若是静态资源则直接从本地文件系统取之返回给客户端。
- 否则若为动态资源则通过FastCGI协议与php服务器联系，通过CGI程序的master进程调度worker进程来执行程序以获得客户端请求的动态资源，并将执行的结果通过FastCGI协议返回给httpd服务器，httpd服务器收到php的执行结果后将其封装为http响应报文响应给客户端。在执行程序获取动态资源时若需要获得数据库中的资源时，由Php服务器通过mysql协议与MySQL/MariaDB服务器交互，取之而后返回给httpd，httpd将从php服务器收到的执行结果封装成http响应报文响应给客户端

3. lamp分离平台构建

环境说明：

系统平台	IP	需要安装的服务
centos7	192.168.20.111	apachel
redhat7	192.168.20.110	mysql
centos7	192.168.20.100	php

lamp平台软件安装次序： httpd --> mysql --> php

3.1 安装apache服务

//YUM源配置
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/wget-1.14-18.el7_6.1.x86_64.rpm
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# sed -i 's/\$releasever/7/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# sed -i 's/^enabled=.*/enabled=1/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum -y install epel-release
 
 //安装开发工具包
 [root@localhost ~]# yum groups mark install 'Development Tools'

//创建apache服务的用户和组
[root@localhost ~]# useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin apache

//安装apache依赖包
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install openssl-devel pcre-devel expat-devel libtool gcc gcc-c++

//下载和安装apr以及apr-util
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/src/
[root@localhost src]# wget http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache/apr/apr-1.6.5.tar.gz

[root@localhost src]# wget http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache/apr/apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz
[root@localhost src]# yum -y install bzip2
[root@localhost src]# tar xf apr-1.7.0.tar.bz2 
[root@localhost src]# tar xf apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2 
[root@localhost src]# ls
apr-1.7.0  apr-1.7.0.tar.bz2  apr-util-1.6.1  apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2  debug  kernels
[root@localhost src]# cd apr-1.6.5
[root@localhost apr-1.6.5]# vim configure
    cfgfile=${ofile}T
    trap "$RM \"$cfgfile\"; exit 1" 1 2 15
 #    $RM "$cfgfile"           //将此行加上注释，或者删除此行

[root@localhost apr-1.7.0]#  ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr   //配置
checking build system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking target system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
......
[root@localhost apr-1.6.5]# make && make install    //编译
[root@localhost src]# cd apr-util-1.6.1
[root@localhost apr-util-1.6.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr
[root@localhost apr-util-1.6.1]#  make && make install

//编译安装httpd
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/src
[root@localhost ~]# wget http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache/httpd/httpd-2.4.38.tar.gz
[root@localhost src]# ls
apr-1.7.0          apr-util-1.6.1          debug                 kernels
apr-1.7.0.tar.bz2  apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2  httpd-2.4.43.tar.bz2
[root@localhost src]# tar xf httpd-2.4.43.tar.bz2 
[root@localhost src]# ls
apr-1.7.0          apr-util-1.6.1          debug         httpd-2.4.43.tar.bz2
apr-1.7.0.tar.bz2  apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2  httpd-2.4.43  kernels
[root@localhost src]# 
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.43]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache \
 --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd24 \
 --enable-so \
 --enable-ssl \
 --enable-cgi \
 --enable-rewrite \
 --with-zlib \
 --with-pcre \
 --with-apr=/usr/local/apr \
 --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util/ \
 --enable-modules=most \
 --enable-mpms-shared=all \
 --with-mpm=prefork
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.43]# make && make install

//安装后配置
[root@localhost ~]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/apache/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
[root@localhost ~]# . /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
[root@localhost ~]# ln -s /usr/local/apache/include/ /usr/include/httpd
[root@localhost ~]# echo 'MANPATH /usr/local/apache/man' >> /etc/man.config

//取消ServerName前面的注释
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf 
ServerName www.example.com:80         

//启动apache
[root@localhost ~]# apachectl start 
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State      Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port               Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN     0      128        *:22                     *:*                  
LISTEN     0      128       :::80                    :::*                  
LISTEN     0      128       :::22                    :::*                  
[root@localhost ~]#

3.2安装mysql

//安装依赖包
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install ncurses-devel openssl-devel openssl cmake mariadb-devel

//创建用户和组
[root@localhost src]# useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin -u 306 mysql

//下载二进制格式的mysql软件包
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/src/
[root@localhost src]# wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/file/mysql-5.7.30-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

//解压软件至/usr/local/
[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  mysql-5.7.30-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# tar xf mysql-5.7.30-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@localhost local]# ln -s mysql-5.7.30-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ mysql
[root@localhost local]# ll -d mysql*
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root  36 7月  12 12:53 mysql -> mysql-5.7.30-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/
drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root 129 7月  12 12:50 mysql-5.7.30-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64

//修改目录/usr/local/mysql的属主属组
[root@localhost ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql

//添加环境变量
[root@localhost ~]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@localhost ~]# . /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh 
[root@localhost ~]# echo $PATH
/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin
[root@localhost ~]# 

//建立数据存放目录
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir mysqldata
[root@localhost ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql mysqldata/
[root@localhost ~]# ll
总用量 644556
-rw-------. 1 root  root       1607 5月  19 12:56 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rw-r--r--. 1 root  root  660017902 7月  12 12:47 mysql-5.7.30-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql         6 7月  12 12:57 mysqldata
[root@localhost ~]# 

//配置mysql
[root@localhost local]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --datadir=/root/mysqldata
2020-07-30T11:07:13.585807Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2020-07-30T11:07:14.450868Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2020-07-30T11:07:14.485195Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2020-07-30T11:07:14.564024Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: d2e6acbd-d254-11ea-8e0a-000c29296d75.
2020-07-30T11:07:14.581412Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2020-07-30T11:07:15.179895Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2020-07-30T11:07:15.388582Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: UslArIp7zd=C
[root@localhost ~]# ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/include/ /usr/local/include/mysql
‘/usr/local/include/mysql’ -> ‘/usr/local/mysql/include/’
[root@localhost ~]# echo '/usr/local/mysql/lib' > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
[root@localhost ~]# ldconfi -l
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /mysqldata
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
port = 3306
pid-file = /mysqldata/mysql.pid
user = mysql
skip-name-resolve
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[root@localhost ~]# cp -a /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@localhost ~]# sed -ri 's#^(basedir=).*#\1/usr/local/mysql#g' /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@localhost ~]# sed -ri 's#^(datadir=).*#\1/mysqldata#g' /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/in
init.d/  inittab  inputrc  
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/init.d/mysqld 
[root@localhost ~]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL.Logging to '/mysqldata/localhost.localdomain.err'.
 SUCCESS! 
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State      Recv-Q Send-Q       Local Address:Port                      Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN     0      128                      *:22                                   *:*                  
LISTEN     0      128                     :::80                                  :::*                  
LISTEN     0      128                     :::22                                  :::*                  
LISTEN     0      80                      :::3306                                :::*                  
[root@localhost ~]# 

// 设置数据库密码
[root@localhost ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.30 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> set password = password('zzl123');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> exit
Bye
[root@localhost ~]#

3.3 安装php

//配置yum源
[root@localhost ~]# wget http://rpms.remirepo.net/enterprise/remi-release-7.rpm

//安装依赖包
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install libxml2 libxml2-devel openssl openssl-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel libcurl libcurl-devel libicu-devel libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel openldap-devel  pcre-devel freetype freetype-devel gmp gmp-devel libmcrypt libmcrypt-devel readline readline-devel libxslt libxslt-devel mhash mhash-devel php74-php-mysqlnd libsqlite3x-devel oniguruma-devel
安装过程略....



//下载php
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/src/
[root@localhost src]# wget http://cn.php.net/distributions/php-7.2.8.tar.xz
下载过程略....


//编译安装php
[root@localhost src]# tar xf php-7.2.8.tar.xz
[root@localhost src]# cd php-7.2.8
[root@localhost php-7.2.8]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php7  \
--with-config-file-path=/etc \
--enable-fpm \
--enable-inline-optimization \
--disable-debug \
--disable-rpath \
--enable-shared \
--enable-soap \
--with-openssl \
--enable-bcmath \
--with-iconv \
--with-bz2 \
--enable-calendar \
--with-curl \
--enable-exif  \
--enable-ftp \
--with-gd \
--with-jpeg-dir \
--with-png-dir \
--with-zlib-dir \
--with-freetype-dir \
--with-gettext \
--enable-json \
--enable-mbstring \
--enable-pdo \
--with-mysqli=mysqlnd \
--with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd \
--with-readline \
--enable-shmop \
--enable-simplexml \
--enable-sockets \
--enable-zip \
--enable-mysqlnd-compression-support \
--with-pear \
--enable-pcntl \
--enable-posix
[root@localhost php-7.2.8]# make -j $(cat /proc/cpuinfo |grep processor|wc -l)
[root@localhost php-7.2.8]# make install

//安装后配置
[root@localhost php-7.2.8]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/php7/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/php7.sh
[root@localhost php-7.2.8]# source /etc/profile.d/php7.sh 
[root@localhost php-7.2.8]# php -v
PHP 7.2.8 (cli) (built: Jul 17 2020 09:37:25) ( NTS )
Copyright (c) 1997-2018 The PHP Group
Zend Engine v3.2.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2018 Zend Technologies

//配置php-fpm
[root@localhost php-7.2.8]# cp php.ini-production /etc/php.ini
[root@localhost php-7.2.8]# cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm
[root@localhost php-7.2.8]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm
[root@localhost php-7.2.8]# cp /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf
[root@localhost php-7.2.8]# cp /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.default /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
[root@localhost php-7.2.8]# service php-fpm start
Starting php-fpm  done
[root@localhost php-7.2.8]# ss -antl
State       Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port               Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN      0      128            *:22                         *:*                  
LISTEN      0      100    127.0.0.1:25                         *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128    127.0.0.1:9000                       *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128           :::22                        :::*                  
LISTEN      0      100          ::1:25                        :::*                  
[root@localhost php-7.2.8]#

3.4 配置apache

3.4.1 启用代理模块

在apache httpd 2.4以后已经专门有一个模块针对FastCGI的实现，此模块为mod_proxy_fcgi.so，它其实是作为mod_proxy.so模块的扩展，因此，这两个模块都要加载，编辑httpd.conf文件，取消以下两行内容的注释:

LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so

LoadModule proxy_fcgi_module modules/mod_proxy_fcgi.so

  //启用httpd的相关模块
  [root@localhost ~]# sed -i '/proxy_module/s/#//g' /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf
  [root@localhost ~]# sed -i '/proxy_fcgi_module/s/#//g' /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf

3.4.2 配置虚拟主机

//创建虚拟主机目录并生成php测试页面
[root@localhost ~]#  vim  /usr/local/apache/htdocs/zzl.com/index.php
[root@localhost ~]# cat  /usr/local/apache/htdocs/zzl.com/index.php
<?php
   phpinfo();
?>
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost htdocs]# chown -R apache.apache /usr/local/apache/htdocs/
[root@localhost htdocs]# ll /usr/local/apache/htdocs/ -d
drwxr-xr-x. 2 apache apache 24 7月  17 11:02 /usr/local/apache/htdocs/
[root@localhost htdocs]# 


[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf
//在配置文件的最后加入以下内容
<VirtualHost *:80>
    DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/zzl.com"
    ServerName www.zzl.com
    ProxyRequests Off
    ProxyPassMatch ^/(.*\.php)$ fcgi://127.0.0.1:9000/usr/local/apache/htdocs/zzl.com/$1
    <Directory "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/zzl.com">
        Options none
        AllowOverride none
        Require all granted
    </Directory>
</VirtualHost>
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf
//搜索AddType，添加以下内容
    # If the AddEncoding directives above are commented-out, then you
    # probably should define those extensions to indicate media types:
    #
    AddType application/x-compress .Z
    AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz
    AddType application/x-httpd-php .php        #添加此行
    AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps        #添加此行
    
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i '/    DirectoryIndex/s/index.html/index.php index.html/g' /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf

//重启apache服务
[root@localhost ~]# apachectl stop
[root@localhost ~]# apachectl start
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State      Recv-Q Send-Q           Local Address:Port                          Peer Address:Port
LISTEN     0      128                          *:22                                       *:*
LISTEN     0      100                  127.0.0.1:25                                       *:*
LISTEN     0      128                  127.0.0.1:9000                                     *:*
LISTEN     0      128                         :::80                                      :::*
LISTEN     0      128                         :::22                                      :::*
LISTEN     0      100                        ::1:25                                      :::*
LISTEN     0      80                          :::3306                                    :::*

3.5 验证

在这里插入图片描述

岛屿有雨 i

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lamp搭建

1. lamp简介lamp是一个常用的web架构所谓lamp，其实就是由Linux+Apache+Mysql/MariaDB+Php/Perl/Python的一组动态网站或者服务器的开源软件，除Linux外其它各部件本身都是各自独立的程序，但是因为经常被放在一起使用，拥有了越来越高的兼容度，共同组成了一个强大的Web应用程序平台。LAMP指的是Linux（操作系统）、Apache（HTTP服务器）、MySQL（也指MariaDB，数据库软件）和PHP（有时也是指Perl或Python）的第一个字母，一
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