docker的安装和使用及镜像的制作与上传

最新推荐文章于 2023-03-07 15:48:52 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2023-03-07 15:48:52 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_44784155/article/details/108246587

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安装及使用docker

//安装docker源
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# curl -o docker-ce.repo https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# sed -i 's@https://download.docker.com@https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce@g' docker-ce.repo


//安装阿里源
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# sed -i -e '/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/d' -e '/mirrors.aliyuncs.com/d' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo


[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum -y install docker-ce

docker常用操作

参数	用途	语法
search	在docker hub中搜索镜像	docker search 镜像名称
pull	在docker hub中下载镜像到本地	docker pull 镜像名
push	推送指定镜像到docker镜像服务器	docker push 本地镜像
images	查看本地所有docker镜像	docker images
create	创建容器但不启动容器	docker create 参数镜像名称
start	启动容器	docker start 容器ID或容器名称
stop	停止容器	docker stop 容器ID或容器名称
restart	重新启动容器	docker restart 容器ID或名称
run	创建容器，并运行	docker run 参数镜像名
history	查看镜像形成过程	docker history 本地镜像名
build	通过dockerfile制作镜像	docker build 参数镜像名
attach	当前shell连接运行容器	docker attach 容器名或ID
commit	保存当前容器为镜像/快照	docker commit 容器ID或容器名新镜像名
diff	查看容器改动	docker diff 容器ID或容器名称
exec	在容器中执行命令	docker exec 参数容器ID或名称命令
logs	输出当前容器的日志信息	docker logs 容器ID或名称
port	查看容器的端口映射情况	docker port 容器ID或名称
ps	列出容器列表	docker ps 参数
rm	删除容器	docker rm 参数容器ID或名称
rmi	删除本地镜像	docker rmi 镜像名
kill	杀死正在运行的容器	docker kill 参数容器ID或名称
info	查看docker系统信息	docker info
inspect	查看容器详细信息	docker inspect 容器ID或名称
tag	镜像打标签	docker tag 镜像名：tag 新镜像名：tag

//常用参数
-d: 后台运行容器，并返回容器ID； 
-i: 以交互模式运行容器，通常与 -t 同时使用； 
-t: 为容器重新分配一个伪输入终端，通常与 -i 同时使用；

命令使用实例

搜索镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker search nginx
NAME                               DESCRIPTION                                     STARS               OFFICIAL            AUTOMATED
nginx                              Official build of Nginx.                        13662               [OK]              //官方的   
jwilder/nginx-proxy                Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker con…   1866                                    [OK]             //个人的
richarvey/nginx-php-fpm            Container running Nginx + PHP-FPM

下载镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker pull nginx
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/nginx
bf5952930446: Pull complete 
cb9a6de05e5a: Pull complete 
9513ea0afb93: Pull complete 
b49ea07d2e93: Pull complete 
a5e4a503d449: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:b0ad43f7ee5edbc0effbc14645ae7055e21bc1973aee5150745632a24a752661
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest
docker.io/library/nginx:latest

查看镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker images 
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
nginx               latest              4bb46517cac3        12 days ago         133MB

创建容器但不启动容器

[root@localhost ~]# docker create 4bb46517cac3
WARNING: IPv4 forwarding is disabled. Networking will not work.
a15189bd5d85dee7785bd8dba3817a3fdaf1c226e4f2d49dc9a7cc451947042e

查看容器

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps         //查看正在运行的容器
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a      //查看所有的容器
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
a15189bd5d85        4bb46517cac3        "/docker-entrypoint.…"   19 seconds ago      Created                                 peaceful_ardinghelli

启动容器

[root@localhost ~]# docker start a15189bd5d85
a15189bd5d85
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
a15189bd5d85        4bb46517cac3        "/docker-entrypoint.…"   4 minutes ago       Up 3 seconds        80/tcp              peaceful_ardinghelli

停止容器

[root@localhost ~]# docker stop a15189bd5d85
a15189bd5d85
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAM

重启容器

[root@localhost ~]# docker restart a15189bd5d85
a15189bd5d85
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
a15189bd5d85        4bb46517cac3        "/docker-entrypoint.…"   6 minutes ago       Up 4 seconds        80/tcp              peaceful_ardinghelli

创建容器，并运行

//运行
[root@localhost ~]# docker run nginx
WARNING: IPv4 forwarding is disabled. Networking will not work.
/docker-entrypoint.sh: /docker-entrypoint.d/ is not empty, will attempt to perform configuration
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Looking for shell scripts in /docker-entrypoint.d/
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh
10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: Getting the checksum of /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: Enabled listen on IPv6 in /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/20-envsubst-on-templates.sh
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Configuration complete; ready for start up



//创建容器，并运行
[root@localhost ~]# docker run httpd
Unable to find image 'httpd:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/httpd
bf5952930446: Already exists 
3d3fecf6569b: Pull complete 
b5fc3125d912: Pull complete 
679d69c01e90: Pull complete 
76291586768e: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:3cbdff4bc16681541885ccf1524a532afa28d2a6578ab7c2d5154a7abc182379
Status: Downloaded newer image for httpd:latest
WARNING: IPv4 forwarding is disabled. Networking will not work.
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.5. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.5. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
[Thu Aug 27 00:17:09.332465 2020] [mpm_event:notice] [pid 1:tid 140257087710336] AH00489: Apache/2.4.46 (Unix) configured -- resuming normal operations
[Thu Aug 27 00:17:09.332640 2020] [core:notice] [pid 1:tid 140257087710336] AH00094: Command line: 'httpd -D FOREGROUND'

进入容器

退出会自动关闭容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker attach 33bb53582d4d 

^C[Thu Aug 27 00:31:08.433729 2020] [mpm_event:notice] [pid 1:tid 139690621809792] AH00491: caught SIGTERM, shutting down

在容器中执行命令

[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it  33bb53582d4d /bin/bash
root@33bb53582d4d:/usr/local/apache2# ls
bin    cgi-bin  error   icons    logs
build  conf     htdocs  include  modules
root@33bb53582d4d:/usr/local/apache2# exit
exit
[root@localhost ~]#

查看日志

[root@localhost ~]# docker logs 33bb53582d4d
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.5. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.5. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
[Thu Aug 27 00:17:09.332465 2020] [mpm_event:notice] [pid 1:tid 140257087710336] AH00489: Apache/2.4.46 (Unix) configured -- resuming normal operations
[Thu Aug 27 00:17:09.332640 2020] [core:notice] [pid 1:tid 140257087710336] AH00094: Command line: 'httpd -D FOREGROUND'
[Thu Aug 27 00:18:48.703474 2020] [mpm_event:notice] [pid 1:tid 140257087710336] AH00491: caught SIGTERM, shutting down
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
[Thu Aug 27 00:22:42.818763 2020] [mpm_event:notice] [pid 1:tid 140414541927552] AH00489: Apache/2.4.46 (Unix) configured -- resuming normal operations
[Thu Aug 27 00:22:42.819649 2020] [core:notice] [pid 1:tid 140414541927552] AH00094: Command line: 'httpd -D FOREGROUND'
[Thu Aug 27 00:22:51.206232 2020] [mpm_event:notice] [pid 1:tid 140414541927552] AH00491: caught SIGTERM, shutting down
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
[Thu Aug 27 00:30:25.264564 2020] [mpm_event:notice] [pid 1:tid 139690621809792] AH00489: Apache/2.4.46 (Unix) configured -- resuming normal operations
[Thu Aug 27 00:30:25.279184 2020] [core:notice] [pid 1:tid 139690621809792] AH00094: Command line: 'httpd -D FOREGROUND'
[Thu Aug 27 00:31:08.433729 2020] [mpm_event:notice] [pid 1:tid 139690621809792] AH00491: caught SIGTERM, shutting down
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
[Thu Aug 27 00:32:06.170493 2020] [mpm_event:notice] [pid 1:tid 140333091947648] AH00489: Apache/2.4.46 (Unix) configured -- resuming normal operations
[Thu Aug 27 00:32:06.170595 2020] [core:notice] [pid 1:tid 140333091947648] AH00094: Command line: 'httpd -D FOREGROUND'

杀死正在运行的容器

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND              CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
33bb53582d4d        httpd               "httpd-foreground"   18 minutes ago      Up 3 minutes        80/tcp              quizzical_robinson
[root@localhost ~]# docker kill 33bb53582d4d
33bb53582d4d
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES

删除容器

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                       PORTS               NAMES
33bb53582d4d        httpd               "httpd-foreground"       20 minutes ago      Exited (137) 2 minutes ago                       quizzical_robinson
8449d4b1401c        nginx               "/docker-entrypoint.…"   23 minutes ago      Up 18 seconds                80/tcp              reverent_hellman
8b1de4ee38d2        nginx               "/docker-entrypoint.…"   24 minutes ago      Exited (0) 16 minutes ago                        silly_robinson
18bb3f719886        nginx               "/docker-entrypoint.…"   25 minutes ago      Exited (0) 25 minutes ago                        unruffled_albattani
a15189bd5d85        4bb46517cac3        "/docker-entrypoint.…"   34 minutes ago      Exited (0) 15 minutes ago                        peaceful_ardinghelli
[root@localhost ~]# docker rm 8b1de4ee38d2
8b1de4ee38d2
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
8449d4b1401c        nginx               "/docker-entrypoint.…"   24 minutes ago      Up 43 seconds       80/tcp              reverent_hellman
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                       PORTS               NAMES
33bb53582d4d        httpd               "httpd-foreground"       21 minutes ago      Exited (137) 2 minutes ago                       quizzical_robinson
8449d4b1401c        nginx               "/docker-entrypoint.…"   24 minutes ago      Up 48 seconds                80/tcp              reverent_hellman
18bb3f719886        nginx               "/docker-entrypoint.…"   26 minutes ago      Exited (0) 26 minutes ago                        unruffled_albattani
a15189bd5d85        4bb46517cac3        "/docker-entrypoint.…"   35 minutes ago      Exited (0) 16 minutes ago                        peaceful_ardinghelli
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
8449d4b1401c        nginx               "/docker-entrypoint.…"   24 minutes ago      Up 57 seconds       80/tcp              reverent_hellman
[root@localhost ~]# docker rm 8449d4b1401c
Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container 8449d4b1401cded184247ac06979ed5e03f5baed046a2da609153e65d98989f5. Stop the container before attempting removal or force remove
[root@localhost ~]# docker rm -f  8449d4b1401c    //强制删除
8449d4b1401c
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                       PORTS               NAMES
33bb53582d4d        httpd               "httpd-foreground"       22 minutes ago      Exited (137) 3 minutes ago                       quizzical_robinson
18bb3f719886        nginx               "/docker-entrypoint.…"   26 minutes ago      Exited (0) 26 minutes ago                        unruffled_albattani
a15189bd5d85        4bb46517cac3        "/docker-entrypoint.…"   35 minutes ago      Exited (0) 17 minutes ago                        peaceful_ardinghelli

查看容器的详细信息

[root@localhost ~]# docker inspect 33bb53582d4d
[
    {
        "Id": "33bb53582d4d698e426f392666bb35a13d88fe9270b17db8f662c09282da3547",
        "Created": "2020-08-27T00:17:08.470593045Z",
        "Path": "httpd-foreground",
        "Args": [],
        "State": {
            "Status": "exited",
            "Running": false,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 0,
            "ExitCode": 137,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2020-08-27T00:32:06.164564317Z",
            "FinishedAt": "2020-08-27T00:35:52.937487624Z"
        },
······

查看容器改动

[root@localhost ~]# docker diff 33bb53582d4d
C /usr
C /usr/local
C /usr/local/apache2
C /usr/local/apache2/logs
A /usr/local/apache2/logs/httpd.pid
C /root
A /root/.bash_history

3.基于容器制作镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it busybox
Unable to find image 'busybox:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/busybox
61c5ed1cbdf8: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:4f47c01fa91355af2865ac10fef5bf6ec9c7f42ad2321377c21e844427972977
Status: Downloaded newer image for busybox:latest
/ # 
/ # 
/ # ls
bin   dev   etc   home  proc  root  sys   tmp   usr   var
/ # mkdir /data
/ # cd /data
/data # echo 'web test' > index.html
/data # exit

修改镜像名字必须是hub docker的账号加仓库名

[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
<none>              <none>              fa3d84733dbb        10 seconds ago      1.22MB
nginx               latest              4bb46517cac3        13 days ago         133MB
httpd               latest              a6ea92c35c43        3 weeks ago         166MB
busybox             latest              018c9d7b792b        4 weeks ago         1.22MB
[root@localhost ~]# docker tag fa3d84733dbb zheng1028/httpd:v0.1
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
zheng1028/httpd     v0.1                fa3d84733dbb        About an hour ago   1.22MB
nginx               latest              4bb46517cac3        13 days ago         133MB
httpd               latest              a6ea92c35c43        3 weeks ago         166MB
busybox             latest              018c9d7b792b        4 weeks ago         1.22MB

仓库名叫httpd，所以我们要在Docker Hub上创建一个名为httpd的仓库，然后再将我们做好的镜像push上去

[root@localhost ~]# docker login
Login with your Docker ID to push and pull images from Docker Hub. If you don't have a Docker ID, head over to https://hub.docker.com to create one.
Username: zheng1028
Password: 
WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json.
Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-store

Login Succeeded
[root@localhost ~]# docker push zheng1028/httpd:v0.1
The push refers to repository [docker.io/zheng1028/httpd]
536ce50bfa78: Pushed 
514c3a3e64d4: Mounted from library/busybox 
v0.1: digest: sha256:404037d80d29bbb7780f68d336350296e5e3d30b9e33d04bb1d1915283a9df79 size: 734

在这里插入图片描述
使用新生成的镜像创建容器

[root@localhost ~]# docker run --name zzl -it fa3d84733dbb
/ # ls
bin   data  dev   etc   home  proc  root  sys   tmp   usr   var
/ # cat /data/index.html 
web test
/ #

重新生成镜像并上传

[root@localhost ~]# docker commit -c 'CMD ["/bin/httpd","-f","-h","/data"]' -p zzl zheng1028/httpd:v0.2
sha256:adb55d6e31eab7e4c30d38fda39ab7c57cbb50fec0d60ce9cdd6fdee35914500
[root@localhost ~]# docker push zheng1028/httpd
The push refers to repository [docker.io/zheng1028/httpd]
536ce50bfa78: Layer already exists 
514c3a3e64d4: Layer already exists 
v0.1: digest: sha256:404037d80d29bbb7780f68d336350296e5e3d30b9e33d04bb1d1915283a9df79 size: 734
dddc139b6bc8: Pushed 
536ce50bfa78: Layer already exists 
514c3a3e64d4: Layer already exists 
v0.2: digest: sha256:07acc651f8a1d25b373c50eb088a597ea2f5331351e25329c8a7d972f49d1d2d size: 941

使用新生成的镜像创建容器

[root@localhost ~]# docker run --name test -d zheng1028/httpd:v0.2
a0a5eb78cf1bbbeccfcaf470940db9e8daa405c20d36c0ece44432f8269d5931
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps 
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                  COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
a0a5eb78cf1b        zheng1028/httpd:v0.2   "/bin/httpd -f -h /d…"   4 minutes ago       Up 4 minutes                            test
0725ed04d0cb        busybox                "sh"                     2 hours ago         Up 2 hours                              cranky_shannon
3d6933387e0f        nginx                  "/docker-entrypoint.…"   2 hours ago         Up 2 hours          80/tcp              unruffled_noether
6a693d84f7d2        a6ea92c35c43           "httpd-foreground"       3 hours ago         Up 2 hours          80/tcp              serene_lewin

[root@localhost ~]# curl 172.17.0.5
web test

镜像的导入与导出

在已生成镜像的主机上执行docker save导出镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker save -o zzl.gz zheng1028/httpd
[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  zzl.gz

在另一台没有镜像的主机上执行docker load导入镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker load -i zzl.gz

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docker的安装和使用及镜像的制作与上传

安装及使用docker//安装docker源[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# curl -o docker-ce.repo https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# sed -i 's@https://download.docker
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