keepalived高可用

最新推荐文章于 2021-05-12 23:29:56 发布

岛屿有雨 i

最新推荐文章于 2021-05-12 23:29:56 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_44784155/article/details/107794124

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1.keepalived简介

keepalived是什么？
Keepalived 软件起初是专为LVS负载均衡软件设计的，用来管理并监控LVS集群系统中各个服务节点的状态，后来又加入了可以实现高可用的VRRP功能。因此，Keepalived除了能够管理LVS软件外，还可以作为其他服务（例如：Nginx、Haproxy、MySQL等）的高可用解决方案软件。

Keepalived软件主要是通过VRRP协议实现高可用功能的。VRRP是Virtual Router RedundancyProtocol(虚拟路由器冗余协议）的缩写，VRRP出现的目的就是为了解决静态路由单点故障问题的，它能够保证当个别节点宕机时，整个网络可以不间断地运行。

所以，Keepalived 一方面具有配置管理LVS的功能，同时还具有对LVS下面节点进行健康检查的功能，另一方面也可实现系统网络服务的高可用功能。
keepalived的工作原理：

Keepalived高可用是通过 VRRP 进行通信的， VRRP是通过竞选机制来确定主备的，主的优先级高于备，因此，工作时主会优先获得所有的资源，备节点处于等待状态，当主挂了的时候，备节点就会接管主节点的资源，然后顶替主节点对外提供服务。
在 Keepalived 服务之间，只有作为主的服务器会一直发送 VRRP 广播包,告诉备它还活着，此时备不会枪占主，当主不可用时，即备监听不到主发送的广播包时，就会启动相关服务接管资源，保证业务的连续性.接管速度最快可以小于1秒。

1.2 keepalived的重要功能

keepalived 有三个重要的功能，分别是：

管理LVS负载均衡软件
实现LVS集群节点的健康检查
作为系统网络服务的高可用性（failover）

2. keepalived配置文件讲解

[root@master ~]# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {       //全局配置
   notification_email {     //定义报警收件人邮件地址
     acassen@firewall.loc
     failover@firewall.loc
     sysadmin@firewall.loc
   }
   notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc    //定义报警发件人邮箱
   smtp_server 192.168.200.1    //邮箱服务器地址
   smtp_connect_timeout 30      //定义邮箱超时时间
   router_id LVS_DEVEL          //定义路由标识信息，同局域网内唯一
   vrrp_skip_check_adv_addr
   vrrp_strict
   vrrp_garp_interval 0
   vrrp_gna_interval 0
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {        //定义实例
    state MASTER            //指定keepalived节点的初始状态，可选值为MASTER|BACKUP
    interface eth0          //VRRP实例绑定的网卡接口，用户发送VRRP包
    virtual_router_id 51    //虚拟路由的ID，同一集群要一致
    priority 100            //定义优先级，按优先级来决定主备角色，优先级越大越优先
    nopreempt               //设置不抢占
    advert_int 1            //主备通讯时间间隔
    authentication {        //配置认证
        auth_type PASS      //认证方式，此处为密码
        auth_pass 1111      //同一集群中的keepalived配置里的此处必须一致，推荐使用8位随机数
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {     //配置要使用的VIP地址
        192.168.200.16
    }
}

virtual_server 192.168.200.16 1358 {    //配置虚拟服务器
    delay_loop 6        //健康检查的时间间隔
    lb_algo rr          //lvs调度算法
    lb_kind NAT         //lvs模式
    persistence_timeout 50      //持久化超时时间，单位是秒
    protocol TCP        //4层协议

    sorry_server 192.168.200.200 1358   //定义备用服务器，当所有RS都故障时用sorry_server来响应客户端

    real_server 192.168.200.2 1358 {    //定义真实处理请求的服务器
        weight 1    //给服务器指定权重，默认为1
        HTTP_GET {
            url {
              path /testurl/test.jsp    //指定要检查的URL路径
              digest 640205b7b0fc66c1ea91c463fac6334d   //摘要信息
            }
            url {
              path /testurl2/test.jsp
              digest 640205b7b0fc66c1ea91c463fac6334d
            }
            url {
              path /testurl3/test.jsp
              digest 640205b7b0fc66c1ea91c463fac6334d
            }
            connect_timeout 3       //连接超时时间
            nb_get_retry 3          //get尝试次数
            delay_before_retry 3    //在尝试之前延迟多长时间
        }
    }

    real_server 192.168.200.3 1358 {
        weight 1
        HTTP_GET {
            url {
              path /testurl/test.jsp
              digest 640205b7b0fc66c1ea91c463fac6334c
            }
            url {
              path /testurl2/test.jsp
              digest 640205b7b0fc66c1ea91c463fac6334c
            }
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
}

3. keepalived实现nginx负载均衡机高可用

环境说明

系统信息	主机名	IP
rhel7.4	master	192.168.20.99
rhel7.4	slave	192.168.20.120

本次高可用虚拟IP（VIP）地址暂定为 192.168.20.250

3.1 keepalived安装

配置主keepalived

//关闭防火墙与SELINUX
[root@master ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled 

//安装keepalived
[root@master ~]# yum -y install keepalived

//查看安装生成的文件
[root@master ~]# rpm -ql keepalived
/etc/keepalived     //配置目录
/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf     //此为主配置文件
/etc/sysconfig/keepalived
/usr/bin/genhash
/usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service      //此为服务控制文件
/usr/libexec/keepalived
/usr/sbin/keepalived
.....此处省略N行

用同样的方法在备服务器上安装keepalived

[root@slave ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@slave ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled 

//安装keepalived
[root@slave ~]# yum -y install keepalived

3.2 在主备机上分别安装httpd

在master上安装httpd

[root@master ~]# yum -y install httpd
[root@master ~]# cd /var/www/html/
[root@master html]# echo master > index.html
[root@master html]# systemctl enable --now httpd
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service.
[root@master html]# ss -antl
State       Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port               Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN      0      128     *:22                  *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128    :::80                 :::*                  
LISTEN      0      128    :::22                 :::*                  
[root@master html]#

在这里插入图片描述

在slave上安装httpd

[root@slave ~]# yum -y install httpd
[root@slave ~]# cd /var/www/html/
[root@slave html]# echo slave > index.html
[root@slave html]# systemctl restart httpd

在这里插入图片描述

3.3 keepalived配置

3.3.1 配置主keepalived

[root@master ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   router_id lb01
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface ens33
    virtual_router_id 28
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass wangqing
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.20.250
    }
}

virtual_server 192.168.20.250 80 {
    delay_loop 6
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind DR
    persistence_timeout 50
    protocol TCP

    real_server 192.168.20.99 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }

    real_server 192.168.20.120 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
}
[root@master ~]# systemctl enable --now keepalived
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/keepalived.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service.

3.3.2 配置备keepalived

[root@slave ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   router_id lb02
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
    interface ens33
    virtual_router_id 28
    priority 80
    advert_int 1
    nopreempt
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass wangqing
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.20.250
    }
}

virtual_server 192.168.20.250 80 {
    delay_loop 6
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind DR
    persistence_timeout 50
    protocol TCP

    real_server 192.168.20.99 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }

    real_server 192.168.20.120 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
}
[root@slave ~]# systemctl enable --now keepalived
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/keepalived.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service.

3.3.3 查看VIP在哪里

在MASTER上查看

[root@master ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:29:6d:75 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.20.99/24 brd 192.168.20.255 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 192.168.20.250/32 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::ce17:cb1:75db:563d/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

在SLAVE上查看

[root@slave ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:90:27:d3 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.20.120/24 brd 192.168.20.255 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::cc4:6cc0:d6df:6335/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

3.4 让keepalived监控nginx负载均衡机

keepalived通过脚本来监控httpd负载均衡机的状态
在master上编写脚本

[root@master ~]# mkdir /scripts
[root@master ~]# cd /scripts/
[root@master scripts]# vim check_httpd.sh
#!/bin/bash
httpd_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bhttpd\b'|wc -l)
if [ $httpd_status -lt 1 ];then
    systemctl stop keepalived
fi

[root@master scripts]#  chmod +x check_httpd.sh 
[root@master scripts]# vim notify.sh
[root@master scripts]# cat notify.sh 
#!/bin/bash
VIP=$2
case "$1" in
  master)
        httpd_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bhttpd\b'|wc -l)
        if [ $httpd_status -lt 1 ];then
            systemctl start httpd
        fi
        sendmail
  ;;
  backup)
        httpd_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bhttpd\b'|wc -l)
        if [ $httpd_status -gt 0 ];then
            systemctl stop httpd
        fi
  ;;
  *)
        echo "Usage:$0 master|backup VIP"
  ;;
esac
[root@master scripts]# chmod +x notify.sh

在slave上编写脚本

[root@slave ~]# mkdir /scripts
[root@slave ~]# cd /scripts/
[root@slave scripts]# vim notify.sh
#!/bin/bash
VIP=$2
case "$1" in
  master)
        httpd_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bhttpd\b'|wc -l)
        if [ $httpd_status -lt 1 ];then
            systemctl start httpd
        fi
        sendmail
  ;;
  backup)
        httpd_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bhttpd\b'|wc -l)
        if [ $httpd_status -gt 0 ];then
            systemctl stop httpd
        fi
  ;;
  *)
        echo "Usage:$0 master|backup VIP"
  ;;
esac
[root@slave scripts]# chmod +x notify.sh

3.5 配置keepalived加入监控脚本的配置

[root@master scripts]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
[root@master scripts]# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   router_id lb01
}
vrrp_script httpd_check {
    script "/scripts/check_httpd.sh"
    interval 1
    weight -40

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface ens33
    virtual_router_id 28
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass wangqing
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.20.250
    }
track_script {              //添加
        httpd_check          //添加
    }                         //添加
    notify_master "/scripts/notify.sh master 192.168.20.250"  //添加
    notify_backup "/scripts/notify.sh backup 192.168.20.250"  //添加

}



virtual_server 192.168.20.250 80 {
    delay_loop 6
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind DR
    persistence_timeout 50
    protocol TCP

    real_server 192.168.20.99 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }

    real_server 192.168.20.120 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
}
[root@master ~]# systemctl start keepalived

配置备keepalived

[root@slave ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
[root@slave ~]# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   router_id lb02
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
    interface ens33
    virtual_router_id 28
    priority 80
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass wangqing
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.20.250
    }
    notify_master "/scripts/notify.sh master 192.168.20.250"
    notify_backup "/scripts/notify.sh backup 192.168.20.250"
}

virtual_server 192.168.20.250 80 {
    delay_loop 6
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind DR
    persistence_timeout 50
    protocol TCP

    real_server 192.168.20.99 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }

    real_server 192.168.20.120 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
}
[root@slave ~]# systemctl start keepalived

在这里插入图片描述

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keepalived高可用

1.keepalived简介keepalived是什么？Keepalived 软件起初是专为LVS负载均衡软件设计的，用来管理并监控LVS集群系统中各个服务节点的状态，后来又加入了可以实现高可用的VRRP功能。因此，Keepalived除了能够管理LVS软件外，还可以作为其他服务（例如：Nginx、Haproxy、MySQL等）的高可用解决方案软件。Keepalived软件主要是通过VRRP协议实现高可用功能的。VRRP是Virtual Router RedundancyProtocol(虚拟路由器冗
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