centos7 mysql数据库安装，亲测有效！

下载并安装MySQL官方的 Yum Repository

在CentOS中默认安装有MariaDB，这个是MySQL的分支，但为了需要，还是要在系统中安装MySQL，而且安装完成之后可以直接覆盖掉MariaDB。

下载并安装MySQL官方的 Yum Repository

[root@zheng ~]#  yum install wget -y
[root@zheng ~]#  wget -i -c http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm
[root@zheng ~]#  yum -y install mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm

安装mysql服务

[root@zheng ~]#  yum install -y mysql-conmmunity-server

可以看到mariadb数据库被替换掉了，还有client客户端和common作为依赖被安装了

启动mysql服务

[root@zheng ~]#  systemctl start mysqld
[root@zheng ~]#  systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Thu 2020-07-02 00:40:54 EDT; 6s ago
     Docs: man:mysqld(8)
           http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
  Process: 3226 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 3177 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 3230 (mysqld)
   CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
           └─3230 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld...

Jul 02 00:40:50 zheng systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
Jul 02 00:40:54 zheng systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.

这里注意下，mysql5.6的版本是可以直接空密码登录,5.7就需要密码登录了！
可以用查日志的方式查到密码， =fI)hBp*0+f) 这个就是密码

[root@zheng ~]# grep "password" /var/log/mysqld.log 
2020-07-02T04:40:51.555632Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: =fI)hBp*0+f)

我们不用这个，直接改配置文件，把他设置成跳过密码验证

[root@zheng ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf

在【mysqld】文本段里任意行数添加 skip-grant-tables 然后保存配置文件退出。

重启mysql

[root@zheng ~]# systemctl restart mysqld

进入mysql

[root@zheng ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:           ***##这里直接回车就可以了***
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.30

Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

修改mysql密码

mysql> show databases;      ##  查询数据库
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> use mysql;           ##   进入mysql数据库
Database changed

mysql> update user set authentication_string=password("123") where user='root';

**##（“123”）这个是修改的密码， user=‘root’ 是用户**

Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 1

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> quit
Bye

更改报错的话按下面步骤来一下

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> SET PASSWORD FOR root@localhost = '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

修改完数据库密码以后修改配置文件

[root@zheng ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf

把之前添加的这一行跳过密码验证删除掉

重启mysql以后重新进入数据库

[root@zheng ~]# systemctl restart mysqld
[root@zheng ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:     ## 可以看到这里直接回车报错了
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)

接下来用修改的密码123登录一下试试

[root@zheng ~]# mysql -uroot -p123      成功了
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.30

Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> 

问题

有个问题就是改完密码进入以后发现执行不了语句

mysql> use mysql;
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.
mysql> show databases;
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.

提示要用ALTER USER修改密码才可以
但是如果想要设置非常简单的密码，比如123456会提示密码不符合要求

mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by '123456';
ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements

/ /  但是修改这个参数会报错，没有这个系统变量
mysql> set global validate_password_policy=0;
ERROR 1193 (HY000): Unknown system variable 'validate_password_policy'

添加参数

这个时候就得去修改一下mysql的配置文件

[root@zheng ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]      ## 在mysqld文本段里添加这两行
#添加密码验证插件
plugin-load-add=validate_password.so

#服务器在启动时加载插件，并防止在服务器运行时删除插件
validate-password=FORCE_PLUS_PERMANENT


"/etc/my.cnf" 34L, 1167C written
[root@zheng ~]# systemctl restart mysqld            / /  修改完重启mysql
[root@zheng ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:   密码123

修改参数值

修改validate_password_policy参数的值
validate_password_length(密码长度)参数默认为8，我们修改为1

mysql> set global validate_password_policy=0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> set global validate_password_length=1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql安装成功

mysql> show databases;        /  /  这里就可以正常使用了
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

这里说一下，我这用的是5.7版本的，mysql8.0是不支持这么修改的

mysql> status
--------------
mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.30, for Linux (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapper

Connection id:          5
Current database:
Current user:           root@localhost
SSL:                    Not in use
Current pager:          stdout
Using outfile:          ''
Using delimiter:        ;
Server version:         5.7.30
Protocol version:       10
Connection:             Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset:    latin1
Db     characterset:    latin1
Client characterset:    utf8
Conn.  characterset:    utf8
UNIX socket:            /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
Uptime:                 1 hour 58 min 34 sec

Threads: 1  Questions: 26  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 106  Flush tables: 1  Open tables: 99  Queries per second avg: 0.003
--------------

8.0mysql版本修改参数设置

mysql>  set global validate_password.policy=0;
mysql>  set global validate_password.length=1;