计算机网络:
是指将地理位置不同的额具有独立功能的多台计算机及其外部设备,通过通信线路连接起来,在网络操作系统,网络管理软件及网络通信协议的管理和协调下,实现资源共享和信息传递的计算机系统。
网络编程的目的:
无线电台。。。传播交流信息,数据交换,通信。
想要达到这个效果需要什么
- 如何准确的定位网络上的一台主机 192.168.16.124:端口,定位到这个计算机上的某个资源
- 找到了这个主机,如何传输数据呢?
JavaWeb 【网页编程】 B/S
网络编程:TCP/IP C/S
网络通信的要素
通信双方的地址:
- IP
- 端口号
规则:网络通信协议
小结:
- 网络编程中有两个主要的问题
- 如何准确的定位到网络上的一台或者多台主机
- 找到逐级之后如何进行通信
- 网络编程中的要素
- IP和端口号
- 网络通信协议
- 万物皆对象
IP类
ip地址:inetAddress
- 唯一定位一台网络上的计算机
- 127.0.0.1:本机 Localhost
- ip地址的分类
- IPV4/IPV6
- IPV4 127.0.0.1 4个字节组成, 0~255 42亿~ ;30亿都在北美,亚洲4亿,2011年就用尽
- IPV6 128位, 8个无符号整数
- 公网(互联网)、私网(局域网)
- ABCD类地址
- 192.168.xx.xx 专门给组织内部使用的
- IPV4/IPV6
- 域名:记忆IP问题
- IP: www.vip.com
package com.laomao.lesson_ip;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
import java.util.zip.CheckedOutputStream;
// 测试IP
public class TestInetAddress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
InetAddress inetAddress1 = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
InetAddress inetAddress2 = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
InetAddress inetAddress3 = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
System.out.println(inetAddress1);
System.out.println(inetAddress2);
System.out.println(inetAddress3);
// 查询网站ip地址
InetAddress inetAddress4 = InetAddress.getByName("www.vip.com");
System.out.println(inetAddress4);
// 常用方法
// System.out.println(inetAddress4.getAddress());
System.out.println(inetAddress4.getCanonicalHostName()); // 规范的名字
System.out.println(inetAddress4.getHostAddress()); // ip
System.out.println(inetAddress4.getHostName()); // 域名,或者自己电脑的名称
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
端口
端口表示计算机上的一个程序的进程;
- 不同的进程有不同的端口号!用来区分软件!
- 被规定 0~65535
- TCP,UDP:65535 * 2 【单个协议下,端口号不能冲突】
- 端口分类
- 公有端口 0~1023
- HTTP:80
- HTTPS:443
- FTP:21
- Telent:23
- 程序注册端口:1024~49151 分配用户或者程序
- Tomcat:8080
- MySQL:3306
- Oracle:1521
- 动态、私有端口:49152~65535
- 公有端口 0~1023
netstat -ano # 查看所有端口
netstat -ano|findstr "5900" # 查看指定的端口
tasklist|findstr “8696” # 查看指定端口的进程
Ctrl + shift + ESA
package com.laomao.lesson_ip;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
public class TestInetSocketAddress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
InetSocketAddress socketAddress = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 8080);
InetSocketAddress socketAddress2 = new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 8080);
System.out.println(socketAddress);
System.out.println(socketAddress2);
System.out.println(socketAddress.getAddress());
System.out.println(socketAddress.getHostName()); // 地址
System.out.println(socketAddress.getPort()); // 端口
}
}
通信协议
网络通信协议:速率,传输码率,代码结构,传输控制。。。
TCP/IP协议簇
重要:
- TCP:用户传输协议
- UDP:用户数据报协议
- IP:网络互连协议
TCP UDP 对比
TCP:打电话
-
连接,稳定
-
三次握手 四次挥手
【A:你瞅啥?B:瞅你咋地?A:干一场!(最少需要三次,保证稳定连接)】
【A:我要走了!B:你真的要走了吗? B:你真的真的要走了吗?A:我真的要走了!】
-
客户端、服务端
-
传输完成,释放连接,效率低
UDP:发短信 -
不连接,不稳定
-
客户端、服务端:没有明确的界限
-
不管有没有准备好,都可以发给你
-
DDOS:洪水攻击(饱和攻击)
TCP
步骤
- 客户端:
- 连接服务器 Socket
- 发送消息
- 服务器
- 建立服务的端口
- 等待用户的连接 accept
- 接受用户的消息
代码实现
客户端
package com.laomao.lesson_tcpip;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
// 客户端
public class TcpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Socket socket = null;
OutputStream os = null;
try {
// 1. 要知道服务器的地址,端口号
InetAddress serverIP = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
int port = 9999;
// 2. 创建一个socket连接
socket = new Socket(serverIP,port);
// 3. 发送消息 IO流
os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("你好!".getBytes());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
if (socket!=null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (os!=null){
try {
os.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
服务器
package com.laomao.lesson_tcpip;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
// 服务端
public class TcpServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
Socket socket = null;
InputStream is = null;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
try{
// 1. 我得有一个地址
serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
// 等待客户端连接过来
socket = serverSocket.accept();
// 3. 读取客户端的消息
is = socket.getInputStream();
/*
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
String msg = new String(buffer, 0, len);
System.out.println(msg);
}
*/
// 管道流
baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
baos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally{
// 关闭资源
if(baos!=null){
try {
baos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (is!=null){
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket!=null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(serverSocket!=null){
try {
serverSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
先启动服务端,在启动客户端,才能收到输出!
文件上传
服务端
package com.laomao.lesson_tcpip;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TcpServerDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
//1.创建服务
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
//2.监听客户端的连接
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept(); // 阻塞式监听,会一直等待客户端连接
//3.获取输入流
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
//4.文件输出
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("receive.jpg"));
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
fos.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
// 通知客户端我接收完毕了
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("我接收完毕了,你可以断开了".getBytes());
// 关闭资源
fos.close();
is.close();
socket.close();
serverSocket.close();
}
}
客户端
package com.laomao.lesson_tcpip;
import com.sun.xml.internal.messaging.saaj.util.ByteOutputStream;
import sun.java2d.pipe.BufferedTextPipe;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TcpClientDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
// 1.创建一个socket连接
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9000);
//2. 创建一个输出流
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
//3. 读取文件
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("JFM.jpg"));
//4.写出文件
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=fis.read(buffer))!=-1){
os.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//通知服务器,我已经结束了
socket.shutdownOutput(); // 我已经传输完了!
//确定服务器接收完毕,才能断开连接
InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
//String byte[]
ByteOutputStream baos = new ByteOutputStream();
byte[] buffer2 = new byte[1024];
int len2;
while ((len2=inputStream.read(buffer2))!=-1){
baos.write(buffer2,0,len2);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
// 5.关闭资源
baos.close();
inputStream.close();
fis.close();
os.close();
socket.close();
}
}
Tomcat
服务端
- 自定义 S
- Tomcat服务器 S Java后端开发!
客户端 - 自定义 C
- 浏览器 B
UDP
发短信:不用连接,需要知道对方的地址!
发送端
package com.laomao.lesson_udp;
import com.sun.xml.internal.bind.v2.runtime.reflect.Lister;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
// 不需要连接服务器
public class UdpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1. 建立一个socket
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
//2. 建个包
String msg = "你好啊,服务器";
// 发送给谁
InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
int port = 9090;
// 数据,数据的长度起始,要发送给谁
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(), 0, msg.getBytes().length, localhost, port);
//3. 发送包
socket.send(packet);
//4.关闭流
socket.close();
}
}
接收端
package com.laomao.lesson_udp;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
// 还是等待客户端的连接!
public class UdpServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 开放端口
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090);
// 接收数据包
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);// 接收
socket.receive(packet);
System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress());
System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(),0,packet.getLength()));
socket.close();
}
}
咨询
重复发送消息
package com.laomao.chat;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class UdpSenderDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
while (true){
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas,0,datas.length, new InetSocketAddress("localhost",6666));
socket.send(packet);
if (data.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
重复接收消息
package com.laomao.chat;
import com.laomao.snake.Data;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class UdpReceiveDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6666);
while(true){
//准备接收包裹
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container,0,container.length);
socket.receive(packet);
// 断开连接 bye
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data, 0, data.length);
System.out.println(receiveData);
if (receiveData.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
UDP 多线程在线咨询【互相收发消息】
TalkSend
package com.laomao.chat;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class TalkSend implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket socket = null;
BufferedReader reader = null;
private int fromPort;
private String toIP;
private int toPort;
public TalkSend(int fromPort, String toIP, int toPort) {
this.fromPort = fromPort;
this.toIP = toIP;
this.toPort = toPort;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(fromPort);
reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true) {
String data = null;
try {
data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas,0,datas.length,new InetSocketAddress(this.toIP,this.toPort));
socket.send(packet);
if (data.equals("bye")){
break;
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
TalkReceive
package com.laomao.chat;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class TalkReceive implements Runnable {
DatagramSocket socket = null;
private int port;
private String msgFrom;
public TalkReceive(int port, String msgFrom) {
this.port = port;
this.msgFrom = msgFrom;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(port);
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while(true){
//准备接收包裹
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container,0,container.length);
try {
socket.receive(packet);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
// 断开连接 bye
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data, 0, data.length);
System.out.println(msgFrom+":"+receiveData);
if (receiveData.equals("bye".trim())){
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
TalkStudent
package com.laomao.chat;
public class TalkStudent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(new TalkSend(7777,"loaclhost",9999)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(8888,"老师")).start();
}
}
TalkTeacher
package com.laomao.chat;
public class TalkTeacher {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(new TalkSend(5555,"localhost",8888)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(9999,"学生")).start();
}
}
URL
统一资源定位符:定位资源的,定位互联网上的某个资源
DNS域名解析 www.baidu.com
协议: //ip地址:端口/项目名/资源
package com.laomao;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
public class lesson_URL {
public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException {
URL url = new URL("https://local:8080/helloworld/index.jsp?username=laomao&password=8888");
System.out.println(url.getProtocol()); // 协议
System.out.println(url.getHost()); // 主机IP
System.out.println(url.getPort()); // 端口
System.out.println(url.getPath()); // 文件
System.out.println(url.getFile()); // 全路径
System.out.println(url.getQuery()); // 参数
}
}
URL下载
package com.laomao.lesson_URL;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
public class UrlDown {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 1.下载地址
URL url = new URL("");
// 2.连接到这个资源 HTTP
HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
InputStream inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("SecurityFile.txt");
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=inputStream.read(buffer))!=-1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
fos.close();
inputStream.close();
urlConnection.disconnect();
}
}