面向对象继承

面向对象继承

一、回顾

class ATM:
   __info = {123456:{"name":"md","money":1},345678:{"name":"dennis","money":2}}

   # 输入卡号验证是否有一个私有方法，保证账号的正确性
   def __check_idcard(self):
       self.id_card = eval(input("请输入您的卡号:"))
       info = self.__info.get(self.id_card)
       if not info:
           return "您重新输入的卡号"
       return info
   # 余额查询操作
   @property
   def money(self):
       info = self.__check_idcard()
       if isinstance(info,dict):
               return info["money"]

   # 存款或者取款的操作
   @money.setter
   def money(self,money):
       info = self.__check_idcard()
       if not isinstance(info,dict):
           print("请输入正确的卡号")
           return
       elif  0 <  money < 100:
           print("请输入正确的金额")
           return
       else:
           # {123456: {"name": "md", "money": 1}, 345678: {"name": "dennis", "money": 2}}
           if money < 0:
               if abs(money) > self.__info[self.id_card]["money"]:
                   print("余额不足，请先存钱")
                   return
           self.__info[self.id_card]["money"] += money
           print("操作成功")
           return

if __name__ == "__main__":
   while True:
       mney = eval(input("money"))
       if mney == 0:
           print("本次操作结束")
           break
       ss = ATM()
       ss.money = mney
       print(ss.money)

二、继承

2.1 定义及益处

继承好处： 代码重用
如果定义了一个class,继承了某个现有的class,新的class称为子类(subclass),而被继承的类称为基类、父类或者超类(Base class,Super class)

2.2 单一继承

格式:

class Obj(object):
	pass

# 类定义
class People:
   # 定义基本属性
   name = ""
   age = 0
   __weight = 0
   # 构造方法
   def __init__(self,n,a,w):
       self.name = n
       self.age = a
       self.__weight = w

   def speak(self):
       print("%s 说:我目前年龄 %d 正当学PY" %(self.name,self.age))

# 单继承
class Stu(People):
   grade = ""
   def __init__(self,n,a,w,g):
       People.__init__(self,n,a,w)
       self.grade = g
   # 重写父亲的方法
   def speak(self):
       print("%s说:我目前年龄%d正当学PY,我目前是%s年级" % (self.name, self.age,self.grade))

p1 = Stu("lyy",15,120,"2")
p1.speak()
p2 = People("md",45,"js")
p2.speak()

2.3 多继承

格式

class MultiClsName(Base1,Base2,Base3....):
	pass

class Dog:
   def fun(self):
       print("Dog.fun")

class Wolf(Dog):
   def fun(self):
       super(Wolf,self).fun()
       print("Wolf.fun")

class ZA(Dog):
   def fun(self):
       super(ZA,self).fun()
       print("ZA.fun")

class Army(Wolf,ZA):
   def fun(self):
       super(Army,self).fun()
       print("Army.fun")


# print(Army.mro())
army = Army()
army.fun()

多继承中的C3算法：

上述例子中查找顺序是：Army=>Wolf=>ZA=>Dog

输出顺序是：Dog=>ZA=>Wolf=>Army

图中查找顺序：G=>B=>E=>C=>A=>F(首先先看G，除了之后，上面的两个箭头就消失了，然后再有左右原则，对B进行去箭头，然后左右原则取E，然后在返回来选C，依次进行)

输出顺序：E=>B=>G