web.xml文件中标签的加载顺序

 web.xml中配置的加载优先级context-param -> listener -> filter -> servlet

1.context-param，它用于向 ServletContext 提供键值对，即应用程序上下文信息。我们的 listener, filter 等在初始化时会用到这些上下文中的信息所以context-param最先加载。

2.Listener加载

 
 

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
     <listener>
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
             <listener-
     
     class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
     </listener>
    
    
   
   
 
 

Spring提供ServletContentListener的一个实现类ContextLoaderListener监听器，该类可以作为Listener使用，在启动Tomcat
容器的时候，该类的作用就是自动装载ApplicationContext的配置信息，如果没有设置contextConfigLocation的初始参数则会
使用默认参数WEB-INF路径下的application.xml文件。如果需要自定义读取多个配置文件或者修改默认路径，则可以在web.xml
中设置： 

3. filter加载

4.servlet加载

 
 

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
      <!--前端控制器-->
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
         <servlet>
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
             <!--这里的名字应和前端容器的配置文件的名字一样，后面的“-servlet.xml”编译器自动补齐-->
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
             <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
             <servlet-
     
     class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
             <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
         </servlet>
    
    
   
   
 
 

web.xml配置

 
 

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
     <?xml version=
     
     "1.0" encoding=
     
     "UTF-8"?>
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
     <web-app xmlns=
     
     "http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
              xmlns:xsi=
     
     "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
              xsi:schemaLocation=
     
     "http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
                           http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
              version=
     
     "3.1"
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
              metadata-complete=
     
     "true">
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
         <!--监听器-->
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
         <listener>
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
             <listener-
     
     class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
         </listener>
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
         <!--根容器/上下文容器-->
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
         <context-param>
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
             <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
             <param-value>/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml</param-value>
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
         </context-param>
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
         <!--前端控制器-->
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
         <servlet>
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
             <!--这里的名字应和前端容器的配置文件的名字一样，后面的“-servlet.xml”编译器自动补齐-->
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
             <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
             <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
             <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
         </servlet>
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
         <servlet-mapping>
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
             <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
             <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
         </servlet-mapping>
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
     
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
     </web-app>
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
     
    
    
   
   
 
 

 

 

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