【第19章】Spring Cloud之Gateway自定义Logback配置

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前言

网关层作为我们程序的主入口，有着至关重要的作用，下面我们通过自定义Logback配置增强网关层的日志输出，为我们的网关提供更加详细和更加细化的日志输出。

大家有没有好奇过一件事，为什么我们的Spring Boot项目新建完，日志组件就能刷刷地打印呢？这是因为Spring Boot帮助我们集成了Logback并定义了默认的logger和appender，接下来我们来进行详细的解析。

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一、内置配置

1. 关联依赖

spring-boot-starter-web>spring-boot-starter>spring-boot-starter-logging>logback-classic>logback-core

2. 内置配置

base.xml：定义了基本配置和引入其他配置文件
defaults.xml：定义了彩色日志，日志变量和日志logger
console-appender.xml：定义了控制台输出appender
file-appender.xml：定义了文件输出appender

二、自定义配置

我们自定义配置生效后，Spring Boot内置配置就不再生效，大家要知道这点
设计思路：

• debug.log(存储debug及高级别日志)
• info.log(存储info及高级别日志)
• error.log(存储error及高级别日志)

1. 日志级别

我们只关注三个常用的:DEBUG、INFO、ERROR即可

TRACE<DEBUG<INFO<WARN<ERROR<FATAL

2. 彩色日志

颜色

• blue
• cyan
• green
• magenta
• red
• yellow

样式

• bold（粗体）
• faint（淡色）
• highlight（高亮）

3. 自定义配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<configuration>
    <!-- 引入Spring Boot的默认logback配置 -->
    <property name="CONSOLE_PATTERN" value="${CONSOLE_LOG_PATTERN:-%clr(%d{${LOG_DATEFORMAT_PATTERN:-yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS}}){faint} %clr(${LOG_LEVEL_PATTERN:-%5p}) %clr(${PID:- }){magenta} %clr(%applicationName[%15.15t]){faint} %clr(${LOG_CORRELATION_PATTERN:-}){faint}%clr(%-40.40logger{39}:%L) %clr(:){faint} %m%n${LOG_EXCEPTION_CONVERSION_WORD:-%wEx}}"/>
    <property name="FILE_PATTERN" value="${FILE_LOG_PATTERN:-%d{${LOG_DATEFORMAT_PATTERN:-yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS}} ${LOG_LEVEL_PATTERN:-%5p} ${PID:- } %applicationName[%t] ${LOG_CORRELATION_PATTERN:-}%-40.40logger{39}:%L : %m%n${LOG_EXCEPTION_CONVERSION_WORD:-%wEx}}"/>
    <include resource="org/springframework/boot/logging/logback/defaults.xml"/>
    <!-- 自定义控制台输出模板 -->
    <property name="LOG_HOME" value="../logs/gateway/"/>
    <property name="LOG_FILE" value="gateway"/>
    <property name="LOGBACK_ROLLINGPOLICY_CLEAN_HISTORY_ON_START" value="false"/>
    <property name="LOGBACK_ROLLINGPOLICY_MAX_FILE_SIZE" value="10MB"/>
    <property name="LOGBACK_ROLLINGPOLICY_TOTAL_SIZE_CAP" value="0"/>
    <property name="LOGBACK_ROLLINGPOLICY_MAX_HISTORY" value="7"/>

    <appender name="CONSOLE" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
        <filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.ThresholdFilter">
            <level>${CONSOLE_LOG_THRESHOLD}</level>
        </filter>
        <encoder>
            <pattern>${CONSOLE_PATTERN}</pattern>
            <charset>${CONSOLE_LOG_CHARSET}</charset>
        </encoder>
    </appender>
    <appender name="DEBUG_FILE" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
        <filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.ThresholdFilter">
            <level>DEBUG</level>
        </filter>
        <encoder>
            <pattern>${FILE_PATTERN}</pattern>
            <charset>${FILE_LOG_CHARSET}</charset>
        </encoder>
        <file>${LOG_HOME}${LOG_FILE}_debug.log</file>
        <!--大小和时间基于滚动策略-->
        <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedRollingPolicy">
            <fileNamePattern>${LOG_HOME}${LOG_FILE}_debug.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.%i.gz</fileNamePattern>
            <cleanHistoryOnStart>${LOGBACK_ROLLINGPOLICY_CLEAN_HISTORY_ON_START:-false}</cleanHistoryOnStart>
            <maxFileSize>${LOGBACK_ROLLINGPOLICY_MAX_FILE_SIZE:-10MB}</maxFileSize>
            <totalSizeCap>${LOGBACK_ROLLINGPOLICY_TOTAL_SIZE_CAP:-0}</totalSizeCap>
            <maxHistory>${LOGBACK_ROLLINGPOLICY_MAX_HISTORY:-7}</maxHistory>
        </rollingPolicy>
    </appender>
    <appender name="INFO_FILE" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
        <filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.ThresholdFilter">
            <level>INFO</level>
        </filter>
        <encoder>
            <pattern>${FILE_PATTERN}</pattern>
            <charset>${FILE_LOG_CHARSET}</charset>
        </encoder>
        <file>${LOG_HOME}${LOG_FILE}_info.log</file>
        <!--大小和时间基于滚动策略-->
        <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedRollingPolicy">
            <fileNamePattern>${LOG_HOME}${LOG_FILE}_info.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.%i.gz</fileNamePattern>
            <cleanHistoryOnStart>${LOGBACK_ROLLINGPOLICY_CLEAN_HISTORY_ON_START:-false}</cleanHistoryOnStart>
            <maxFileSize>${LOGBACK_ROLLINGPOLICY_MAX_FILE_SIZE:-10MB}</maxFileSize>
            <totalSizeCap>${LOGBACK_ROLLINGPOLICY_TOTAL_SIZE_CAP:-0}</totalSizeCap>
            <maxHistory>${LOGBACK_ROLLINGPOLICY_MAX_HISTORY:-7}</maxHistory>
        </rollingPolicy>
    </appender>
    <appender name="ERROR_FILE" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
        <filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.ThresholdFilter">
            <level>ERROR</level>
        </filter>
        <encoder>
            <pattern>${FILE_PATTERN}</pattern>
            <charset>${FILE_LOG_CHARSET}</charset>
        </encoder>
        <file>${LOG_HOME}${LOG_FILE}_error.log</file>
        <!--大小和时间基于滚动策略-->
        <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedRollingPolicy">
            <fileNamePattern>${LOG_HOME}${LOG_FILE}_error.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.%i.gz</fileNamePattern>
            <cleanHistoryOnStart>${LOGBACK_ROLLINGPOLICY_CLEAN_HISTORY_ON_START:-false}</cleanHistoryOnStart>
            <maxFileSize>${LOGBACK_ROLLINGPOLICY_MAX_FILE_SIZE:-10MB}</maxFileSize>
            <totalSizeCap>${LOGBACK_ROLLINGPOLICY_TOTAL_SIZE_CAP:-0}</totalSizeCap>
            <maxHistory>${LOGBACK_ROLLINGPOLICY_MAX_HISTORY:-7}</maxHistory>
        </rollingPolicy>
    </appender>
    <!-- 设置特定包的日志级别 -->
    <logger name="org.springframework" level="INFO"/>
    <logger name="org.hibernate" level="INFO"/>
    <logger name="com.alibaba" level="INFO"/>
    <logger name="io.netty" level="INFO"/>
    <logger name="reactor.netty" level="INFO"/>
    <!-- Root Logger -->
    <root level="DEBUG">
        <appender-ref ref="CONSOLE"/>
        <appender-ref ref="DEBUG_FILE"/>
        <appender-ref ref="INFO_FILE"/>
        <appender-ref ref="ERROR_FILE"/>
    </root>
</configuration>

4. 增加打印语句

package org.example.gateway.config;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextAware;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 * Create by zjg on 2024/8/3
 */
@Component
public class GatewayApplicationAware implements ApplicationContextAware {
    Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(GatewayApplicationAware.class);
    @Override
    public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException {
        logger.debug("Debug log message");
        logger.info("Info log message");
        logger.error("Error log message");
    }
}

5. 效果展示

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总结

回到顶部

有了详细的日志文件记录，我们就再也不怕程序报错了，加油，奥利给！