基于FFMPEG+SDL的简单的视频播放器分析
前言
最近看了雷霄骅前辈的博客《最简单的基于FFMPEG+SDL的视频播放器 ver2 (采用SDL2.0)》,参照他的代码,在windows端实现了一个简单的视频播放器,代码的有部分改动,但是整体的思路和实现的功能是一样的。下面将对实现的源码进行分析,并对其中的一些细节进行记录。
源码分析
引入头文件
引入头文件。
#include <iostream>
#include <windows.h>
extern "C"
{
#include "libavcodec/avcodec.h"
#include "libavformat/avformat.h"
#include "libswscale/swscale.h"
#include "libavutil/imgutils.h"
#include "SDL2/SDL.h"
}
.......
由于ffmpeg和SDL的源码都是C,所以在引入头文件时,可以用extern "C"
用于声明 C 函数,以便使其在 C++ 代码中按照 C 语言的函数命名和调用规则处理。
命令行参数解析
这部分不是重点,可跳过直接看媒体文件处理的部分
添加了启动参数解析的代码,以便自定义播放的视频。由于是在windows端实现和编译的,所以使用了int WINAPI WinMain
作为程序的入口。
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow)
{
......
return 0;
}
因此,想要获取启动参数,需要对数据进行处理。
.......
// 获取命令行参数字符串
LPWSTR lpWideCmdLine = GetCommandLineW();
int argc;
char *filepath;
// 将命令行字符串分割为一个字符串数组,其中每个元素表示一个命令行参数
LPWSTR *argv = CommandLineToArgvW(lpWideCmdLine, &argc);
int bufferSize = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, argv[1], -1, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
char *buffer = new char[bufferSize];
// 判断是否指定了播放文件
if (argc > 1)
{
// 将参数从宽字符转换为多字节字符
WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, argv[1], -1, buffer, bufferSize, NULL, NULL);
filepath = buffer;
std::cout << "argv[1]: " << buffer << std::endl;
}
else
{
cout << "Please add the path to the video file that requires the part.\n" << endl;
return -1;
}
......
媒体文件处理
读取媒体文件
读取媒体文件并获取媒体流的相关信息。代码如下:
.......
// av_register_all();
// avformat_network_init();
// 创建一个 AVFormatContext 结构体并进行初始化
pFormatCtx = avformat_alloc_context();
// 打开媒体文件并初始化 AVFormatContext 结构体
if (avformat_open_input(&pFormatCtx, filepath, NULL, NULL) != 0)
{
cout << "Could not open input stream: " << filepath << "\n" << endl;
return -1;
}
// 读取媒体文件并获取媒体流的相关信息
if (avformat_find_stream_info(pFormatCtx, NULL) < 0)
{
cout << "Could not find stream information.\n" << endl;
return -1;
}
.......
旧版本的ffmpeg程序, 程序开头处, 一般总是av_register_all
,4.x之后,该函数已经废弃,不需要调用了。更多细节可以参考《ffmpeg4.x为什么不再需要调用av_register_all呢》。
获取视频流的下标。
在一个完整的媒体文件中,一般会包含视频流和音频流。AVFormatContext
结构体里会存储关于流的各种信息,本例子是对视频流进行处理,所以可以从AVFormatContext
结构体中,获得视频流的下标信息。代码如下:
......
videoindex = -1;
// nb_streams 是一个整数类型的字段,表示 AVFormatContext 中包含的流的数量。
for (i = 0; i < pFormatCtx->nb_streams; i++)
{
// 根据codec_type信息,判断数据流的类型
if (pFormatCtx->streams[i]->codec->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO)
{
// 如果 codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO,则数据流类型为视频流,记录视频流下标
videoindex = i;
break;
}
}
// 如果 videoindex == -1,则说明媒体文件中未找到视频流数据,检查媒体文件
if (videoindex == -1)
{
cout << "Did not find a video stream.\n" << endl;
return -1;
}
......
codec_type
代表编码器的类型,常见的类型有
- AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO: 视频编解码器
- AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO: 音频编解码器
- AVMEDIA_TYPE_SUBTITLE: 字幕编解码器
- AVMEDIA_TYPE_DATA: 数据编解码器
- AVMEDIA_TYPE_ATTACHMENT: 附件编解码器
- AVMEDIA_TYPE_UNKNOWN: 未知类型
视频解码器配置
根据视频流信息,查找并打开解码器。代码如下:
......
// 访问视频流的编码参数
pCodecCtx = pFormatCtx->streams[videoindex]->codec;
// 根据编码器 ID(codec_id)查找解码器
pCodec = avcodec_find_decoder(pCodecCtx->codec_id);
if (pCodec == NULL)
{
cout << "Could not found.\n" << endl;
return -1;
}
// 打开编解码器
if (avcodec_open2(pCodecCtx, pCodec, NULL) < 0)
{
cout << "Could not open codec.\n" << endl;
return -1;
}
......
图像格式转换
......
// 分配 AVFrame 结构体的内存空间
pFrame = av_frame_alloc();
pFrameYUV = av_frame_alloc();
// 分配用于存储图像数据的缓冲区
out_buffer = (unsigned char *)av_malloc(av_image_get_buffer_size(AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P, pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height, 1));
// 填充pFrameYUV->data,以便后续进行图像处理
av_image_fill_arrays(pFrameYUV->data, pFrameYUV->linesize, out_buffer,
AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P, pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height, 1);
cout << "------------------File Information-----------------\n" << endl;
// 输出数据流信息
av_dump_format(pFormatCtx, 0, filepath, 0);
cout << "--------------------------------------------------\n" << endl;
// 创建图像转换上下文,将原始的像素格式转化为 YUV420P
img_convert_ctx = sws_getContext(pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height, pCodecCtx->pix_fmt,
pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height, AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P, SWS_BICUBIC, NULL, NULL, NULL);
......
av_image_get_buffer_size
函数,用于计算给定图像参数下所需的缓冲区大小。根据像素格式和图像的宽度和高度,计算出所需的缓冲区大小。此处所用的图像像素格式为YUV420P
。YUV420P 是最常用的像素格式之一,特别在视频编解码领域广泛应用。
av_image_fill_arrays
用于向pFrameYUV->data
中填充数据。不过此时原始的图像数据还并未填充进去,只是先分配内存,为后面存储经过格式转换的图像做准备。
播放实现
SDL初始化及配置
创建和配置SDL窗口,renderer,texture和rect。代码如下:
......
// 初始化 SDL 库
if (SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO | SDL_INIT_AUDIO | SDL_INIT_TIMER))
{
cout << "Could not initialize SDL - " << SDL_GetError() << "\n" << endl;
return -1;
}
// 初始化窗口大小为视频大小
screen_w = pCodecCtx->width;
screen_h = pCodecCtx->height;
// 创建SDL窗口
screen = SDL_CreateWindow("video Player", SDL_WINDOWPOS_UNDEFINED, SDL_WINDOWPOS_UNDEFINED, screen_w, screen_h, SDL_WINDOW_OPENGL | SDL_WINDOW_RESIZABLE);
if (!screen)
{
cout << "SDL: could not creeate window - exiting:\n" << SDL_GetError() << "\n" << endl;
return -1;
}
// 创建renderer
sdlRenderer = SDL_CreateRenderer(screen, -1, 0);
// 创建texture
sdlTexture = SDL_CreateTexture(sdlRenderer, SDL_PIXELFORMAT_IYUV, SDL_TEXTUREACCESS_STREAMING, pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height);
// 初始化rect
sdlRect.x = 0;
sdlRect.y = 0;
sdlRect.w = screen_w;
sdlRect.h = screen_h;
// 分配一个 AVPacket 结构体的内存空间给packet
packet = (AVPacket *)av_malloc(sizeof(AVPacket));
......
创建一个新的线程,用于检测和处理SDL窗口的活动,代码如下:
int sfp_refresh_thread(void *opaque)
{
// 初始化线程状态
thread_exit = 0;
thread_pause = 0;
while (!thread_exit)
{
if (!thread_pause)
{
SDL_Event event;
// 设置event状态为SFM_REFRESH_EVENT
event.type = SFM_REFRESH_EVENT;
// 向事件队列中添加事件
SDL_PushEvent(&event);
}
SDL_Delay(40);
}
thread_exit = 0;
thread_pause = 0;
SDL_Event event;
// 设置event状态为SFM_BREAK_EVENT
event.type = SFM_BREAK_EVENT;
SDL_PushEvent(&event);
return 0;
}
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow)
{
......
// 创建线程,调用sfp_refresh_thread自定义函数
video_tid = SDL_CreateThread(sfp_refresh_thread, NULL, NULL);
......
return 0;
}
视频播放
获取视频流数据,经过处理和图像转换,将图像填充到SDL窗口,实现视频的播放。代码如下:
......
for (;;)
{ // 获取窗口活动状态
SDL_WaitEvent(&event);
// 播放视频
if (event.type == SFM_REFRESH_EVENT)
{
while (1)
{
// 如果没有读取到packet,设置thread_exit为1,结束播放
if (av_read_frame(pFormatCtx, packet) < 0)
thread_exit = 1;
// 判断packet是否为视频流
if (packet->stream_index == videoindex)
break;
}
// 解码视频帧
ret = avcodec_decode_video2(pCodecCtx, pFrame, &got_picture, packet);
if (ret < 0)
{
cout << "Decode Error.\n" << endl;
return -1;
}
if (got_picture)
{
// 将pFrame中的原始图像数据,根据img_convert_ctx转化后,存储到pFrameYUV中,用于在SDL中显示
sws_scale(img_convert_ctx, (const unsigned char *const *)pFrame->data, pFrame->linesize, 0, pCodecCtx->height, pFrameYUV->data, pFrameYUV->linesize);
// 更新texture,更新数据为pFrameYUV->data[0]
SDL_UpdateTexture(sdlTexture, NULL, pFrameYUV->data[0], pFrameYUV->linesize[0]);
// 清空渲染目标
SDL_RenderClear(sdlRenderer);
// 将纹理渲染到sdlRect
SDL_RenderCopy(sdlRenderer, sdlTexture, NULL, &sdlRect);
// 更新窗口显示
SDL_RenderPresent(sdlRenderer);
}
// 释放 AVPacket 结构体内存
av_packet_unref(packet);
}
// 暂停
else if (event.type == SDL_KEYDOWN)
{
// 如果点击空格键,暂停
if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_SPACE)
thread_pause = !thread_pause;
}
// 窗口退出
else if (event.type == SDL_QUIT)
{
thread_exit = 1;
}
// 播放结束
else if (event.type == SFM_BREAK_EVENT)
{
break;
}
}
......
内存释放
在所有的操作完成后,最后是内存的释放。
{
......
sws_freeContext(img_convert_ctx);
SDL_Quit();
av_frame_free(&pFrameYUV);
av_frame_free(&pFrame);
avcodec_close(pCodecCtx);
avformat_close_input(&pFormatCtx);
LocalFree(argv);
delete[] buffer;
return 0;
}
完整代码
simple_video_player.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <windows.h>
extern "C"
{
#include "libavcodec/avcodec.h"
#include "libavformat/avformat.h"
#include "libswscale/swscale.h"
#include "libavutil/imgutils.h"
#include "SDL2/SDL.h"
}
using namespace std;
#define SFM_REFRESH_EVENT (SDL_USEREVENT + 1)
#define SFM_BREAK_EVENT (SDL_USEREVENT + 2)
int thread_exit = 0;
int thread_pause = 0;
int sfp_refresh_thread(void *opaque)
{
thread_exit = 0;
thread_pause = 0;
while (!thread_exit)
{
if (!thread_pause)
{
SDL_Event event;
event.type = SFM_REFRESH_EVENT;
SDL_PushEvent(&event);
}
SDL_Delay(40);
}
thread_exit = 0;
thread_pause = 0;
SDL_Event event;
event.type = SFM_BREAK_EVENT;
SDL_PushEvent(&event);
return 0;
}
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow)
{
AVFormatContext *pFormatCtx;
int i, videoindex;
AVCodecContext *pCodecCtx;
AVCodec *pCodec;
AVFrame *pFrame, *pFrameYUV;
unsigned char *out_buffer;
AVPacket *packet;
int ret, got_picture;
int screen_w, screen_h;
SDL_Window *screen;
SDL_Renderer *sdlRenderer;
SDL_Texture *sdlTexture;
SDL_Rect sdlRect;
SDL_Thread *video_tid;
SDL_Event event;
struct SwsContext *img_convert_ctx;
LPWSTR lpWideCmdLine = GetCommandLineW();
int argc;
char *filepath;
LPWSTR *argv = CommandLineToArgvW(lpWideCmdLine, &argc);
int bufferSize = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, argv[1], -1, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
char *buffer = new char[bufferSize];
if (argc > 1)
{
WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, argv[1], -1, buffer, bufferSize, NULL, NULL);
filepath = buffer;
std::cout << "argv[1]: " << buffer << std::endl;
}
else
{
cout << "Please add the path to the video file that requires the part.\n" << endl;
return -1;
}
// av_register_all();
// avformat_network_init();
pFormatCtx = avformat_alloc_context();
if (avformat_open_input(&pFormatCtx, filepath, NULL, NULL) != 0)
{
cout << "Could not open input stream: " << filepath << "\n"
<< endl;
return -1;
}
if (avformat_find_stream_info(pFormatCtx, NULL) < 0)
{
cout << "Could not find stream information.\n"
<< endl;
return -1;
}
videoindex = -1;
for (i = 0; i < pFormatCtx->nb_streams; i++)
{
if (pFormatCtx->streams[i]->codec->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO)
{
videoindex = i;
break;
}
}
if (videoindex == -1)
{
cout << "Did not find a video stream.\n"
<< endl;
return -1;
}
pCodecCtx = pFormatCtx->streams[videoindex]->codec;
pCodec = avcodec_find_decoder(pCodecCtx->codec_id);
if (pCodec == NULL)
{
cout << "Could not found.\n"
<< endl;
return -1;
}
if (avcodec_open2(pCodecCtx, pCodec, NULL) < 0)
{
cout << "Could not open codec.\n"
<< endl;
return -1;
}
pFrame = av_frame_alloc();
pFrameYUV = av_frame_alloc();
out_buffer = (unsigned char *)av_malloc(av_image_get_buffer_size(AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P, pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height, 1));
av_image_fill_arrays(pFrameYUV->data, pFrameYUV->linesize, out_buffer,
AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P, pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height, 1);
cout << "------------------File Information-----------------\n"
<< endl;
av_dump_format(pFormatCtx, 0, filepath, 0);
cout << "--------------------------------------------------\n"
<< endl;
img_convert_ctx = sws_getContext(pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height, pCodecCtx->pix_fmt,
pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height, AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P, SWS_BICUBIC, NULL, NULL, NULL);
if (SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO | SDL_INIT_AUDIO | SDL_INIT_TIMER))
{
cout << "Could not initialize SDL - " << SDL_GetError() << "\n"
<< endl;
return -1;
}
screen_w = pCodecCtx->width;
screen_h = pCodecCtx->height;
screen = SDL_CreateWindow("video Player", SDL_WINDOWPOS_UNDEFINED, SDL_WINDOWPOS_UNDEFINED, screen_w, screen_h, SDL_WINDOW_OPENGL | SDL_WINDOW_RESIZABLE);
if (!screen)
{
cout << "SDL: could not creeate window - exiting:\n"
<< SDL_GetError() << "\n"
<< endl;
return -1;
}
sdlRenderer = SDL_CreateRenderer(screen, -1, 0);
sdlTexture = SDL_CreateTexture(sdlRenderer, SDL_PIXELFORMAT_IYUV, SDL_TEXTUREACCESS_STREAMING, pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height);
sdlRect.x = 0;
sdlRect.y = 0;
sdlRect.w = screen_w;
sdlRect.h = screen_h;
packet = (AVPacket *)av_malloc(sizeof(AVPacket));
video_tid = SDL_CreateThread(sfp_refresh_thread, NULL, NULL);
for (;;)
{
SDL_WaitEvent(&event);
if (event.type == SFM_REFRESH_EVENT)
{
while (1)
{
if (av_read_frame(pFormatCtx, packet) < 0)
thread_exit = 1;
if (packet->stream_index == videoindex)
break;
}
ret = avcodec_decode_video2(pCodecCtx, pFrame, &got_picture, packet);
if (ret < 0)
{
cout << "Decode Error.\n"
<< endl;
return -1;
}
if (got_picture)
{
sws_scale(img_convert_ctx, (const unsigned char *const *)pFrame->data, pFrame->linesize, 0, pCodecCtx->height, pFrameYUV->data, pFrameYUV->linesize);
SDL_UpdateTexture(sdlTexture, NULL, pFrameYUV->data[0], pFrameYUV->linesize[0]);
SDL_RenderClear(sdlRenderer);
SDL_RenderCopy(sdlRenderer, sdlTexture, NULL, &sdlRect);
SDL_RenderPresent(sdlRenderer);
}
av_packet_unref(packet);
}
else if (event.type == SDL_KEYDOWN)
{
if (event.key.keysym.sym == SDLK_SPACE)
thread_pause = !thread_pause;
}
else if (event.type == SDL_QUIT)
{
thread_exit = 1;
}
else if (event.type == SFM_BREAK_EVENT)
{
break;
}
}
sws_freeContext(img_convert_ctx);
SDL_Quit();
av_frame_free(&pFrameYUV);
av_frame_free(&pFrame);
avcodec_close(pCodecCtx);
avformat_close_input(&pFormatCtx);
LocalFree(argv);
delete[] buffer;
return 0;
}