序列化的简单记录与实践
ObjectOutputStream类
java.io.ObjectOutputStream
类,将Java对象的原始数据类型写出到文件,实现对象的持久存储。
构造方法
public ObjectOutputStream(OutputStream out)
: 创建一个指定OutputStream的ObjectOutputStream。
构造举例,代码如下:
FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("employee.txt");
ObjectOutputStream out = new ObjectOutputStream(fileOut);
序列化操作
- 一个对象要想序列化,必须满足两个条件:
- 该类必须实现
java.io.Serializable
接口,Serializable
是一个标记接口,不实现此接口的类将不会使任何状态序列化或反序列化,会抛出NotSerializableException
。 - 该类的所有属性必须是可序列化的。如果有一个属性不需要可序列化的,则该属性必须注明是瞬态的,使用
transient
关键字修饰。
public class Employee implements java.io.Serializable {
public String name;
public String address;
public transient int age; // transient瞬态修饰成员,不会被序列化
public void addressCheck() {
System.out.println("Address check : " + name + " -- " + address);
}
}
2.写出对象方法
public final void writeObject (Object obj)
: 将指定的对象写出。
public class SerializeDemo{
public static void main(String [] args) {
Employee e = new Employee();
e.name = "zhangsan";
e.address = "beiqinglu";
e.age = 20;
try {
// 创建序列化流对象
ObjectOutputStream out = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("employee.txt"));
// 写出对象
out.writeObject(e);
// 释放资源
out.close();
fileOut.close();
System.out.println("Serialized data is saved"); // 姓名,地址被序列化,年龄没有被序列化。
} catch(IOException i) {
i.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
输出结果:
Serialized data is saved
ObjectInputStream类
ObjectInputStream反序列化流,将之前使用ObjectOutputStream序列化的原始数据恢复为对象。
构造方法
public ObjectInputStream(InputStream in)
: 创建一个指定InputStream的ObjectInputStream。
反序列化操作
如果能找到一个对象的class文件,我们可以进行反序列化操作,调用ObjectInputStream
读取对象的方法:
public final Object readObject ()
: 读取一个对象。
public class DeserializeDemo {
public static void main(String [] args) {
Employee e = null;
try {
// 创建反序列化流
FileInputStream fileIn = new FileInputStream("employee.txt");
ObjectInputStream in = new ObjectInputStream(fileIn);
// 读取一个对象
e = (Employee) in.readObject();
// 释放资源
in.close();
fileIn.close();
}catch(IOException i) {
// 捕获其他异常
i.printStackTrace();
return;
}catch(ClassNotFoundException c) {
// 捕获类找不到异常
System.out.println("Employee class not found");
c.printStackTrace();
return;
}
// 无异常,直接打印输出
System.out.println("Name: " + e.name); // zhangsan
System.out.println("Address: " + e.address); // beiqinglu
System.out.println("age: " + e.age); // 0
}
}
对于JVM可以反序列化对象,它必须是能够找到class文件的类。如果找不到该类的class文件,则抛出一个 ClassNotFoundException
异常。
速记
1.什么是序列化?
序列化就是把程序中的对象写入到临时存储或持久化的过程。
反序列化就是把临时存储和持久化的内容,反向写入程序中的过程。
2.实现序列化需要实现Serializable接口. 反序列化需要对比版本号.每次修改版本号会变更.
(这点重点体现在实现Serialzable接口的类的变化上,当序列化前的类,和反序列化时的类不一样(即版本号发生改变时)会报出版本号不一致的错误。而解决方案在目前已经学习的内容中有两种解决方案:一个是在类中写上版本号。另一个就是用改变的类重新序列化与反序列化的操作)
3.Serializable接口里面没有任何方法,是一个标志性接口。
序列化中的一些须注意点
下面大部分都是具体代码的实现,而要注意的点总结起来就是:
1.static、transient关键字修饰的属性,使用serializable方法的序列化后,反序列化时得不到该属性的值。即该属性不会被序列化。原因:因为序列化不能序列化类,而静态变量属于类的。而transient修饰的属性也不会被序列化,transient关键字的作用,在已实现序列化的类中,有的变量不需要保存在磁盘中,就要transient关键字修饰,如银行卡密码等,就这个作用------在已序列化的类中使变量不序列化
2. 通过Serializable接口实现的反序列化,不会执行自身的构造器.但是会执行父类无参构造.
1.static transient关键字
继承Serializable接口的类,里面调用了static和transient修饰,注意输出的结果
import java.io.Serializable;
public class Person implements Serializable {
public static final String GENDER_BOY = "男";
public static final String GENDER_GRIL = "女";
private String name;
private String gender;
private int age;
private String idCard;
private static String type;
private transient String nickName
public Person() {
}
public static String getType() {
return type;
}
public static void setType(String type) {
Person.type = type;
}
public Person(String name, String gender, int age, String idCard) {
this.name = name;
this.gender = gender;
this.age = age;
this.idCard = idCard;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Person{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", gender='" + gender + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
", idCard='" + idCard + '\'' +
", type='" + type + '\'' +
", nickName='" + nickName + '\'' +
'}';
}
public String getNickName() {
return nickname;
}
public void setNickName(String nickname) {
this.nickname = nickname;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getGender() {
return gender;
}
public void setGender(String gender) {
this.gender = gender;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getIdCard() {
return idCard;
}
public void setIdCard(String idCard) {
this.idCard = idCard;
}
}
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
public class SerializableOutTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
File file = new File("F:"+File.separator+"Test");
if(!file.exists()){
file.createNewFile();
}
Person person = new Person("叶叶",Person.GENDER_BOY,22,"356987458960716****");
person.setType("黄种人");
person.setNickName("小叶");
ObjectOutputStream os = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(file));
os.writeObject(person);
os.close();
}
}
import java.io.*;
public class SerializableInTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
File file = new File("F:"+File.separator+"Test");
if(!file.exists()){
throw new FileNotFoundException("找不到该文件夹!");
}
ObjectInputStream is = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream(file));
Person person = (Person)is.readObject();
System.out.println(person);
}
}
/*输出结果:
Person{name='叶叶', gender='男', age=22, idCard='356987458960716****', type='null', nickName='null'}
*/
2.父类实现序列化接口,子类没有实现接口,但是继承父类
未受到影响,子类继承了父类,都可以正常使用
//输出结果:
//Person{name='叶叶', gender='男', age=22, idCard='356987458960716****', nickName='小叶叶', type='黄种人'}
3.父类没有实现接口,子类有实现序列化接口
4.在3的基础上,添加父类的无参构造和不添加不添加父类的无参构造
父类带无参:
父类
public class Man {
private String type;
private String nickName;
public Man() {
System.out.println("父类无参构造");
}
public Man(String type, String nickName) {
System.out.println("父类有参数构造");
this.type = type;
this.nickName = nickName;
}
public String getType() {
return type;
}
public void setType(String type) {
this.type = type;
}
public String getNickName() {
return nickName;
}
public void setNickName(String nickName) {
this.nickName = nickName;
}
}
子类:
import java.io.Serializable;
public class Person extends Man implements Serializable {
public static final String GENDER_BOY = "男";
public static final String GENDER_GRIL = "女";
private String name;
private String gender;
private int age;
private String idCard;
/*private static String type;
private transient String nickName;*/
public Person() {
System.out.println("子类无参构造");
}
public Person(String name, String gender, int age, String idCard) {
System.out.println("子类有参构造");
this.name = name;
this.gender = gender;
this.age = age;
this.idCard = idCard;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Person{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", gender='" + gender + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
", idCard='" + idCard + '\'' +
", nickName='" + getNickName() + '\'' +
", type='" + getType() + '\'' +
'}';
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getGender() {
return gender;
}
public void setGender(String gender) {
this.gender = gender;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getIdCard() {
return idCard;
}
public void setIdCard(String idCard) {
this.idCard = idCard;
}
}
输入序列化
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
public class SerializableOutTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
File file = new File("F:"+File.separator+"Test");
if(!file.exists()){
file.createNewFile();
}
Person person = new Person("叶叶",Person.GENDER_BOY,22,"356987458960716****");
person.setNickName("小叶叶");
person.setType("黄种人");
ObjectOutputStream os = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(file));
os.writeObject(person);
os.close();
}
}
输出反序列化:
import java.io.*;
public class SerializableInTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
File file = new File("F:"+File.separator+"Test");
if(!file.exists()){
throw new FileNotFoundException("找不到该文件夹!");
}
ObjectInputStream is = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream(file));
Person person = (Person)is.readObject();
System.out.println(person);
}
}
/*运行结果:
父类无参构造
Person{name='叶叶', gender='男', age=22, idCard='356987458960716****', nickName='null', type='null'}
*/
父类不带无参构造
父类:
public class Man {
private String type;
private String nickName;
public Man(String type, String nickName) {
System.out.println("父类有参数构造");
this.type = type;
this.nickName = nickName;
}
public String getType() {
return type;
}
public void setType(String type) {
this.type = type;
}
public String getNickName() {
return nickName;
}
public void setNickName(String nickName) {
this.nickName = nickName;
}
}
子类
import java.io.Serializable;
public class Person extends Man implements Serializable {
public static final String GENDER_BOY = "男";
public static final String GENDER_GRIL = "女";
private String name;
private String gender;
private int age;
private String idCard;
/*private static String type;
private transient String nickName;*/
public Person() {
super("a","b");
System.out.println("子类无参构造");
}
public Person(String name, String gender, int age, String idCard) {
super("a","b");
System.out.println("子类有参构造");
this.name = name;
this.gender = gender;
this.age = age;
this.idCard = idCard;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Person{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", gender='" + gender + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
", idCard='" + idCard + '\'' +
", nickName='" + getNickName() + '\'' +
", type='" + getType() + '\'' +
'}';
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getGender() {
return gender;
}
public void setGender(String gender) {
this.gender = gender;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getIdCard() {
return idCard;
}
public void setIdCard(String idCard) {
this.idCard = idCard;
}
}
序列化类:
import java.io.*;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
public class SerializableOutTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
File file = new File("F:"+File.separator+"Test");
if(!file.exists()){
file.createNewFile();
}
Person person = new Person("叶叶",Person.GENDER_BOY,22,"356987458960716****");
person.setNickName("小叶叶");
person.setType("黄种人");
ObjectOutputStream os = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(file));
os.writeObject(person);
os.close();
}
}
反序列化类:
import java.io.*;
public class SerializableInTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
File file = new File("F:"+File.separator+"Test");
if(!file.exists()){
throw new FileNotFoundException("找不到该文件夹!");
}
ObjectInputStream is = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream(file));
Person person = (Person)is.readObject();
System.out.println(person);
}
}
/*运行结果:
Exception in thread "main" java.io.InvalidClassException: com.seecen.Day34.SerializableTestBoke.Person; no valid constructor
at java.io.ObjectStreamClass$ExceptionInfo.newInvalidClassException(ObjectStreamClass.java:150)
at java.io.ObjectStreamClass.checkDeserialize(ObjectStreamClass.java:790)
at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readOrdinaryObject(ObjectInputStream.java:1782)
at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readObject0(ObjectInputStream.java:1353)
at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readObject(ObjectInputStream.java:373)
at com.seecen.Day34.SerializableTestBoke.SerializableInTest.main(SerializableInTest.java:12)
*/
实现Externalizable接口序列化
前面的部分都是使用Serializable接口去序列化,而实际上还有一个Externalizable接口可以去实现序列化。
首先需要知道Externalizable接口是 java.io.Serializable
的子类,所以本质上与之前继承Serializable接口序列化的方法差不多,但是Externalizable接口多了两个子类独有的方法:
void writeExternal(ObjectOutput out) throws IOException;
void readExternal(ObjectInput in) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException;
在使用时可以通过重写这两个方法对序列化的属性进行选择,即可以选择性的序列化属性,也可以选择性的反序列化部分属性。
Externalizable接口与Serializable接口除了多了两个独特的方法外,它的序列化是有顺序的(此处的顺序是指输入的属性的顺序和取出的属性顺序必须一致)。
举例:
实现Externalizable接口的Person类
import java.io.*;
public class Person implements Externalizable {
public static final String GENDER_BOY = "男";
public static final String GENDER_GRIL = "女";
private String name;
private String gender;
private int age;
private String idCard;
public Person() {
}
public Person(String name, String gender, int age, String idCard) {
this.name = name;
this.gender = gender;
this.age = age;
this.idCard = idCard;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Person{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
//", gender='" + gender + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
//", idCard='" + idCard + '\'' +
'}';
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getGender() {
return gender;
}
public void setGender(String gender) {
this.gender = gender;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getIdCard() {
return idCard;
}
public void setIdCard(String idCard) {
this.idCard = idCard;
}
@Override
public void writeExternal(ObjectOutput out) throws IOException {
out.writeObject(name);
out.writeObject(age);
}
@Override
public void readExternal(ObjectInput in) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
name = (String)in.readObject();
age = (Integer)in.readObject();
}
}
序列化ExterbalizableOutTest类
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
public class ExterbalizableOutTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
File file = new File("F:"+File.separator+"Test");
if(!file.exists()){
file.createNewFile();
}
Person person = new Person("叶叶",Person.GENDER_BOY,22,"356987458960716****");
ObjectOutputStream os = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(file));
os.writeObject(person);
os.close();
}
}
反序列化ExterbalizableInTest类
import java.io.*;
public class ExterbalizableInTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
File file = new File("F:"+File.separator+"Test");
if(!file.exists()){
throw new FileNotFoundException("找不到该文件夹!");
}
ObjectInputStream is = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream(file));
Person person = (Person)is.readObject();
System.out.println(person);
}
}
/*输出结果
Person{name='叶叶', age=22}
*/