Python-极客验证码识别

简单验证码识别

import tesserocr
from PIL import Image

image = Image.open('PFET.jpg')

# 利用 Image 对象的 convert() 方法传入参数 "L" ，即可将图片转化为灰度图像
image = image.convert('L')

# 阈值默认为127
threshold = 127

table = []
for i in range(256):
    if i < threshold:
        table.append(0)
    else:
        table.append(1)

image = image.point(table, '1')

image = image.convert('1')
image.show()

result = tesserocr.image_to_text(image)
print(result)

# 输出：
PFRT

极验滑动验证码的识别

极客验证官网

数据初始化

EMAIL = 'zcs@163.com'
PASSWORD = '123'
BORDER = 6

class CrackGeetest():
    def __init__(self):
        self.url = 'https://account.geetest.com/login'
        self.browser = webdriver.Chrome()
        self.wait = WebDriverWait(self.browser, 10)
        self.email = EMAIL
        self.password = PASSWORD

获取验证按钮

    def get_geetest_button(self):
        """
        获取初始验证按钮
        :return:
        """
        button = self.wait.until(
            EC.element_to_be_clickable(
                (By.CLASS_NAME, 'geetest_radar_tip')
            )
        )
        return button

获取验证码图片所在位置

    def get_position(self):
        """
        获取验证码位置
        :return: 验证码位置元组(上, 下, 左, 右)
        """
        img = self.wait.until(
            EC.presence_of_element_located(
                (By.CLASS_NAME, 'geetest_canvas_img')
            )
        )
        time.sleep(2)
        location = img.location
        size = img.size
        top, bottom, left, right = \
            location['y'], location['y'] + size['height'], location['x'], location['x'] + size['width']
        return (top, bottom, left, right)

获取网页截图

    def get_screenshot(self):
        """
        获取网页截图
        :return: 截图对象
        """
        screenshot = self.browser.get_screenshot_as_png()
        # 获取作为二进制数据的当前窗口的屏幕截图。

        screenshot = Image.open(BytesIO(screenshot))
        # Python在内存中读写数据，用到的模块是StringIO和BytesIO，
        # StringIO操作的只能是str，如果要操作二进制数据，就需要使用BytesIO。

        return screenshot

获取滑块

    def get_slider(self):
        """
        获取滑块
        :return: 滑块对象
        """
        slider = self.wait.until(
            EC.element_to_be_clickable(
                (By.CLASS_NAME, 'geetest_slider_button')
            )
        )
        return slider

获取验证码图片截图

    def get_geetest_image(self, name='captcha.png'):
        """
        获取验证码图片
        :return: 图片对象
        """
        top, bottom, left, right = self.get_position()
        print('验证码位置', top, bottom, left, right)
        screenshot = self.get_screenshot()
        # crop将图片裁剪
        captcha = screenshot.crop((left, top, right, bottom))
        # 将裁剪的验证码截图保存
        captcha.save(name)
        return captcha

打开网页输入用户名密码

    def open_url(self):
        """
        打开网页输入用户名密码
        :return: None
        """
        self.browser.get(self.url)
        email = self.wait.until(
            EC.presence_of_element_located(
                (By.ID, 'email')
            )
        )
        password = self.wait.until(
            EC.presence_of_element_located(
                (By.ID, 'password')
            )
        )
        email.send_keys(self.email)
        password.send_keys(self.password)

代码汇总

import time
from io import BytesIO
from PIL import Image
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC


EMAIL = 'zcs@163.com'
PASSWORD = '123'
BORDER = 6

class CrackGeetest():
    def __init__(self):
        self.url = 'https://account.geetest.com/login'
        self.browser = webdriver.Chrome()
        self.wait = WebDriverWait(self.browser, 10)
        self.email = EMAIL
        self.password = PASSWORD

    # 当需要删除对象来释放类所占用的资源的时候，就需要调用析构方法__del__()。
    def __del__(self):
        self.browser.close()

    def open_url(self):
        """
        打开网页输入用户名密码
        :return: None
        """
        self.browser.get(self.url)
        email = self.wait.until(
            EC.presence_of_element_located(
                (By.ID, 'ivu-form-item.ivu-form-item-required.ivu-form-item-error .ivu-input')
            )
        )
        password = self.wait.until(
            EC.presence_of_element_located(
                (By.ID, '.ivu-input.ivu-input-has-value')
            )
        )
        email.send_keys(self.email)
        password.send_keys(self.password)

    def get_button(self):
        """
        获取验证按钮
        :return:
        """
        button = self.wait.until(
            EC.element_to_be_clickable(
                (By.CLASS_NAME, 'geetest_radar_tip')
            )
        )
        return button

    def get_slider(self):
        """
        获取滑块
        :return: 滑块对象
        """
        slider = self.wait.until(
            EC.element_to_be_clickable(
                (By.CLASS_NAME, 'geetest_slider_button')
            )
        )
        return slider

    def get_image(self):
        """
        获取验证码图片
        :return: 图片对象(无缺口图像和有缺口图像)
        """
        return 1, 2

    def get_distance(self, image1, image2):
        """
        获取缺口距离
        :param image1: 无缺口的滑动验证码图片
        :param image2: 有缺口的滑动验证码图片
        :return:
        """
        left = 60
        # 根据滑块的像素为 60 ，选择 60 像素为起始点
        threhold = 70
        # 阈值为 70

        for i in range(left, image1.size[0]):
            # 遍历 image1 的 left ~~ 最右端
            for j in range(image1.size[1]):
                # 遍历 image1 的高

                rgb1 = image1.load()[i, j]
                rgb2 = image2.load()[i, j]
                res1 = abs(rgb1[0] - rgb2[0])
                res2 = abs(rgb1[1] - rgb2[1])
                res3 = abs(rgb1[2] - rgb2[2])

                if not (res1 < threhold and res2 < threhold and res3 < threhold):
                    return i
                # image1 和 image2 同一位置的 RGB差值 是否在阈值之内。假如不在，则为缺口位置
        return left

    def get_track(self, distance):
        """
        根据偏移量获取移动轨迹
        :param distance: 偏移量
        :return: 移动轨迹
        """
        # 移动轨迹
        track = []
        # 当前位移
        current = 0
        # 减速阈值
        mid = distance * 4 / 5
        # 计算间隔
        t = 0.2
        # 初速度
        v = 0

        # 当滑块位移小于缺口距离这时候
        while current < distance:
            # 滑块位移小于缺口距离的 80% 这时，速度为2；否则速度为-3
            if current < mid:
                # 加速度为正2
                a = 2
            else:
                # 加速度为负3
                a = -3
            # 初速度v0
            v0 = v
            # 当前速度v = v0 + at
            v = v0 + a * t
            # 移动距离x = v0t + 1/2 * a * t^2
            move = v0 * t + 1 / 2 * a * t * t
            # 当前位移
            current += move
            # 加入轨迹
            track.append(round(move))
        return track

    def move_to_gap(self, slider, track):
        """
        拖动滑块到缺口处
        :param slider: 滑块
        :param track: 轨迹
        :return:
        """
        # 创建新的操作链
        action_chains1 = ActionChains(self.browser)
        # 按住鼠标左键
        down_left_mouse = action_chains1.click_and_hold(slider)
        # 执行所有储存的操作
        down_left_mouse.perform()

        # 遍历轨迹，获取每一小段位移距离
        for x in track:
            # 创建新的操作链
            action_chains2 = ActionChains(self.browser)
            # 按住鼠标后移动滑块
            move_mouse = action_chains2.move_by_offset(xoffset=x, yoffset=0)
            # 执行
            move_mouse.perform()
        time.sleep(0.5)
        # 执行滑块到缺口后，调用release()方法，松开鼠标
        ActionChains(self.browser).release().perform()

    def login(self):
        """
        登录
        :return: None
        """
        submit = self.wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CLASS_NAME, 'geetest-btn')))
        submit.click()
        time.sleep(10)
        print('登录成功')

    def crack(self):
        # 输入用户名密码
        self.open_url()
        # 点击验证按钮
        button = self.get_button()
        button.click()
        # 获取验证码图片和带缺口的验证码图片
        image1, image2 = self.get_image()
        # 获取缺口位置
        gap = self.get_distance(image1, image2)
        print('缺口位置', gap)
        # 减去缺口位移
        gap = gap - BORDER
        # 获取移动轨迹
        track = self.get_track(gap)
        print('滑动轨迹', track)
        # 拖动滑块
        slider = self.get_slider()
        self.move_to_gap(slider, track)

        success = self.wait.until(
            EC.text_to_be_present_in_element((By.CLASS_NAME, 'geetest_success_radar_tip_content'), '验证成功'))
        print(success)

        # 失败后重试
        if not success:
            self.crack()
        else:
            self.login()


def main():
    # 调用CrackGeetest()类
    crack_geetest = CrackGeetest()
    # 输入用户名密码
    crack_geetest.open_url()
    # 点击验证按钮
    button = crack_geetest.get_button()
    button.click()
    # 获取验证码图片和带缺口的验证码图片
    image1, image2 = crack_geetest.get_image()
    # 获取缺口位置
    gap = crack_geetest.get_distance(image1, image2)
    print('缺口位置', gap)
    # 减去缺口位移
    gap = gap - BORDER
    # 获取移动轨迹
    track = crack_geetest.get_track(gap)
    print('滑动轨迹', track)
    # 拖动滑块
    slider = crack_geetest.get_slider()
    crack_geetest.move_to_gap(slider, track)

    success = crack_geetest.wait.until(
        EC.text_to_be_present_in_element((By.CLASS_NAME, 'geetest_success_radar_tip_content'), '验证成功'))
    print(success)

    # 失败后重试
    if not success:
        main()
    else:
        crack_geetest.login()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

本文作者：Lee Hua