网络编程
概述
地球村:也译为世界村(global village),对地球的一种比喻说法。现代科技的迅速发展,缩小了地球上的时空距离,国际交往日益频繁便利,因而整个地球就如同是茫茫宇宙中的一个小村落。
信件:对方的邮编、对方的地址、对方的姓名 ()、自己的地址
包 Packet:对方的信息、对方地址、自己的地址
打电话 --连接-- 接了—通话 TCP
发短–发送了就完事了–接收 UDP
计算机网络:
计算机网络是指将地理位置不同的具有独立功能的多台计算机及其外部设备,通过通信线路连接起来,在网络操作系统,网络管理软件及网络通信协议的管理和协调下,实现资源共享和信息传递的计算机系统。
网络编辑的目的:
无线电台。。。传播交流信息,数据交换。通信
想要达到目的需要什么
- 如何准确的定位网络上的一台主机 192.168.0.1:端口,定位到计算机上的某个资源
- 找到了这个主机,如何传输数据呢
网页编程:Javaweb B/S
网络编程:TCP/IP C/S
网络通信的两个要素
如何实现网络的通信
通信双方地址
- ip
- 端口号
- 192.168.0.1:8080
规则:网络通信的协议
- http、ftp、smtp、tcp、udp …
- TCP/IP参考模型
OSI七层参考协议
OSI七层网络模型 | TCP/IP四层概念模型 | 对应网络协议 |
---|---|---|
应用层(Application) | 应用层 | HTTP、TFTP, FTP, NFS, WAIS、SMTP |
表示层(Presentation) | 应用层 | Telnet, Rlogin, SNMP, Gopher |
会话层(Session) | 应用层 | SMTP, DNS |
传输层(Transport) | 传输层 | TCP, UDP |
网络层(Network) | 网络层 | IP, ICMP, ARP, RARP, AKP, UUCP |
数据链路层(Data Link) | 数据链路层 | FDDI, Ethernet, Arpanet, PDN,SLIP, PPP |
物理层(Physical) | 数据链路层 | IEEE 802.1A, IEEE 802.2到IEEE 802.11 |
小结:
- 网络编程中有两个主要的问题
- 如何准确的定位到网络上的一台或者多态主机
- z好到主机之后如何进行通信
- 网络编程中的要素
- IP和端口号 IP
- 网络通信协议 UDP、TCP
- 万物皆对象
IP地址
IP地址:InetAddress
-
唯一定位一台网络上的计算机
-
127.0.1:本机localhost
-
IP地址的分类
- IPV4、IPV6
- IPV4 127.0.0.1 4个字节组成。0~255,42亿多人;30亿都在北美,亚洲4亿。2011年地址就用尽了
- IPV6 2001:obb2:aaaa:0015:0000:0000:1aaa:1312 128位。8个无符号整数!
- 公网(互联网)和私网(局域网)
- ABCD类地址
- 192.168.xx.xx,专门给组织内部使用的
- IPV4、IPV6
-
域名:记忆IP问题!
- IP: 域名越短越值钱
package com.wz.network;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
//测试IP
public class TestInetAddress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
//查询本机地址
InetAddress inetAddress1 = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
System.out.println(inetAddress1);
InetAddress inetAddress3 = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
System.out.println(inetAddress3);
InetAddress inetAddress4 = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
System.out.println(inetAddress4);
//查询网站IP地址
InetAddress inetAddress2 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
System.out.println(inetAddress2);
//常用方法
System.out.println(inetAddress2.getAddress());
System.out.println(inetAddress2.getCanonicalHostName());//规范的名字
System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostAddress());//IP
System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostName());//域名,或者自己电脑名字
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
端口
端口表示计算机上的一个程序的进程;
-
不同的进程有不同的端口号!用来区分软件!
-
被规定 0~65536
-
TCP,UDP : 65535*2 TCP : 80 , UDP : 80 吗,单个协议下,端口号不能冲突
-
端口分类
-
共有端口 0 ~ 1023
- HTTP : 80
- HTTPS :443
- FTP :21
- TELENT :23
-
程序注册端口:1024 ~ 49151,分配用户或者程序
- Tomcat : 8080
- MySQL : 3306
- Oracle :1521
-
动态、私有:49152 ~ 65535
-
CMD 输入
netstat -ano #查看所有的端口 netstat -ano findstr "5900" #查看指定的端口 tasklist|findstr "8696" #查看指定端口的进程
package com.wz.network; import java.net.InetSocketAddress; public class TestInetSocketAddress { public static void main(String[] args) { InetSocketAddress socketAddress = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.0.1", 8080); InetSocketAddress socketAddress2 = new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 8080); System.out.println(socketAddress); System.out.println(socketAddress2); System.out.println(socketAddress.getAddress()); System.out.println(socketAddress.getHostName());//地址 System.out.println(socketAddress.getPort());//端口 } }
-
通信协议
协议:约定,就好比我们现在说的是普通话。
网络通信协议:速率,传输码率,代码的传输结构,传输控制。。。
问题:非常的复杂
大事化小:分层
TCP/IP协议簇:实际上是一组协议
重要:
- TCP:用户传输协议
- UDP:用户数据报协议
出名的协议:
- TCP:
- IP:网络互连协议
TCP UDP 对比
TCP:打电话
- 连接,稳定
三次握手
,四次挥手
最少需要三次,保证稳定连接!
A:你愁啥?
B:瞅你咋地?
A:干一场!
A:我要走了
B:你真的要走了吗?
B:你真的真的要走了吗?
A:我真的要走了!
- 客户端、服务端
- 传输完成,释放连接,效率低
UDP:发短信
- 不连接,不稳定
- 客户端、服务端:没有明确的界限
- 不管也没有准备好,都可以发给你。。。
- 导弹
- DDOS:洪水攻击!(饱和攻击)
详解 TCP 连接的“ 三次握手 ”与“ 四次挥手 ” (baidu.com)
TCP
客户端
- 连接服务器 Socket
- 发送消息
package com.wz.network.demo02;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
//客户端
public class TcpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Socket socket = null;
OutputStream os = null;
try {
//1.要知道服务器的地址,端口号
InetAddress serverIP = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
int port = 9999;
//2.创建一个socket连接
socket = new Socket(serverIP, port);
//3.发送消息 IO流
os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("Hello,World!".getBytes());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (os != null) {
try {
os.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket != null) {
try {
socket.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
服务器
- 建立服务的端口 ServerSocket
- 等待用户的链接 accept
- 接收用户的消息
package com.wz.network.demo02;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
//服务端
public class TcpServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
Socket socket = null;
InputStream is = null;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
try {
//1.我得有一个地址
serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
while (true) {
//2.等待客户端连接过来
socket = serverSocket.accept();
//3.读取客户端的消息
is = socket.getInputStream();
//管道流
baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
baos.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
}
/*
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
String msg = new String(buffer, 0, len);
System.out.println(msg);
}
*/
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
//关闭资源
if (baos != null) {
try {
baos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (is != null) {
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket != null) {
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (serverSocket != null) {
try {
serverSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
文件上传
服务器端
package com.wz.network.demo02;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
//服务端
public class TcpServerDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.创建服务
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
//2.监听客户端连接
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();//阻塞式监听,会一直等待客户端连接
//3.获取输入流
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
//4.文件输出
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("receive.jpg"));
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
fos.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
//通知客户端我接收完毕了
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("我接收完毕了,你可以断开了".getBytes());
//5.关闭资源
fos.close();
is.close();
socket.close();
serverSocket.close();
}
}
客户端
package com.wz.network.demo02;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
//客户端
public class TcpClientDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.创建一个Socket连接
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9000);
//2.创建一个输出流
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
//3.文件流
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("D:\\百度网盘\\百度下载\\资料\\资料\\16-JSON和Ajax请求\\代码\\book\\web\\static\\img\\default.jpg"));
//4.写出文件
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = fis.read(buffer)) != -1) {
os.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
//通知服务器,我已经结束了
socket.shutdownOutput();//我已经传输完了!
//确定服务器接受完毕,才能够断开连接
InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
//String byte[]
byte[] buffer2 = new byte[1024];
int len2;
while ((len2 = inputStream.read(buffer2))!= -1){
baos.write(buffer2, 0, len2);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
//5.关闭资源
baos.close();
inputStream.close();
fis.close();
os.close();
socket.close();
}
}
Tomcat
服务端
- 自定义S
- Tomcat服务器S : Java后台开发!
客户端
- 自定义C
- 浏览器B
同一协议下,端口号不能重复
UDP
发短信:不用连接,需要知道对方地址!
发送消息
package com.wz.network.demo03;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
//不需要连接服务器
public class UdpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.建立一个Socket
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
//2.建个包
String msg = "Hello, world!";
InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
int port = 9090;
//数据,数据的长度起始,要发送给谁
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(), 0, msg.getBytes().length,localhost,port);
//3.发送包
socket.send(packet);
//4.关闭流
socket.close();
}
}
接收端
package com.wz.network.demo03;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
//还是要等待客户端的链接!
public class UdpServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//开放端口
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090);
//接收数据包
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞接受
System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress());
System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(),0,packet.getLength()));
//关闭连接
socket.close();
}
}
咨询
循环发送消息
package com.wz.network.chat;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
public class UdpSenderDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);
//准备数据:控制台读取 System.in
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
while (true) {
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length, new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 6666));
socket.send(packet);
if (data.equals("bye")) {
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
循环接受消息
package com.wz.network.chat;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
public class UdpReceiveDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6666);
while (true) {
//准备接收包裹
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container,0,container.length);
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞式接收包裹
//断开连接 bye
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data, 0,packet.getLength());
System.out.println(receiveData);
if (receiveData.equals("bye")) {
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
在线咨询:
两个人都可以是发送方,也可以是接收方!
package com.wz.network.chat;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class TalkReceive implements Runnable {
DatagramSocket socket = null;
private int port;
private String msgFrom;
public TalkReceive(int port, String msgFrom) {
this.port = port;
this.msgFrom = msgFrom;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(port);
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true) {
try {
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container, 0, container.length);
socket.receive(packet);
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data, 0, packet.getLength());
System.out.println(msgFrom+":" + receiveData);
if (receiveData.equals("bye")) {
break;
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
package com.wz.network.chat;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
public class TalkSend implements Runnable {
DatagramSocket socket = null;
BufferedReader reader = null;
private int fromPort;
private String toIP;
private int toPort;
public TalkSend(int fromPort, String toIP, int toPort) {
this.fromPort = fromPort;
this.toIP = toIP;
this.toPort = toPort;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(fromPort);
reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true) {
try {
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas,0,datas.length,new InetSocketAddress(this.toIP,this.toPort));
socket.send(packet);
if(data.equals("bye")){
break;
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
package com.wz.network.chat;
public class TalkStudent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//开启两个线程
new Thread(new TalkSend(7777,"localhost", 9999)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(8888,"老师")).start();
}
}
package com.wz.network.chat;
public class TalkTeacher {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread (new TalkSend(5555,"localhost",8888)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(9999,"学生")).start();
}
}
URL
统一资源定位符:定位资源的,定位互联网上的某一个资源
DNS 域名解析
协议://IP地址:端口/项目名/资源
package com.wz.network.demo04;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
public class URLDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException {
URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/helloworld/index.jsp?username=xzzs&package=com.wz.network.demo");
System.out.println(url.getProtocol());//协议
System.out.println(url.getHost());//主机IP
System.out.println(url.getPort());//端口
System.out.println(url.getPath());//文件
System.out.println(url.getFile());//全路径
System.out.println(url.getQuery());//参数
}
}
下载网页数据
package com.wz.network.demo04;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
//http://localhost:8080/xzzs0507/SecurityFile.txt
public class URLDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException {
URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/helloworld/index.jsp?username=xzzs&package=com.wz.network.demo");
System.out.println(url.getProtocol());//协议
System.out.println(url.getHost());//主机IP
System.out.println(url.getPort());//端口
System.out.println(url.getPath());//文件
System.out.println(url.getFile());//全路径
System.out.println(url.getQuery());//参数
}
}
package com.wz.network.demo04;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
public class UrlDown {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.下载地址
URL url = new URL("https://m701.music.126.net/20220802160153/df39b8d533e21bca3c0876ab0cded4b7/jdyyaac/obj/w5rDlsOJwrLDjj7CmsOj/9675080012/7d76/3f6f/6873/aaa1f46cc76be716024880f079955c2b.m4a");
//2.链接到这个资源 HTTP
HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
InputStream impStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("1.m4a");
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = impStream.read(buffer)) != -1) {
fos.write(buffer, 0, len);//写出这个数据
}
fos.close();
impStream.close();
urlConnection.disconnect();//断开连接
}
}