5、依赖注入（DI）dependency injection

5.1 构造器注入

前面讲过了

5.2 set方式注入【重点】

• 依赖注入：set注入

  • 依赖：bean对象的创建依赖于容器

  • 注入：bean对象中所有属性，由容器来注入

【环境搭建】

1.复杂类型

public class Address {

    private String address;

2.真实测试对象

public class Student {

    private String name;
    private Address address;
    private String[] books;
    private List<String> hobbys;
    private Map<String,String> card;
    private Set<String> games;
    private String wife;
    private Properties info;

3.beans.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="address" class="com.kuang.pojo.Address">
        <property name="address" value="石家庄"/>
    </bean>

    <bean id="student" class="com.kuang.pojo.Student">
        <property name="name" value="高壮壮" />
        <property name="address" ref="address"/>

        <property name="books">
            <array>
                <value>红楼梦</value>
                <value>水浒传</value>
                <value>三国演义</value>
                <value>西游记</value>
            </array>
        </property>

        <property name="hobbys">
            <list>
                <value>唱歌</value>
                <value>聊天</value>
                <value>吃火锅</value>
            </list>
        </property>

        <property name="card">
            <map>
                <entry key="身份证" value="1951565857874988"/>
                <entry key="银行卡" value="55489484545"/>
            </map>
        </property>

        <property name="games">
            <set>
                <value>合金弹头</value>
                <value>魂斗罗</value>
                <value>超级玛丽</value>
            </set>
        </property>

        <property name="wife">
            <null/>
        </property>

        <property name="info">
            <props>
                <prop key="driver">445145</prop>
                <prop key="url">localhost://3306</prop>
                <prop key="username">root</prop>
                <prop key="password">123456</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
    </bean>

</beans>

4.测试

    @Test
    public void test(){

        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
        Student student = (Student) context.getBean("student");
        System.out.println(student.toString());

        /*
        * Student{name='高壮壮',
        * address=Address{address='石家庄'},
        * books=[红楼梦, 水浒传, 三国演义, 西游记],
        * hobbys=[唱歌, 聊天, 吃火锅],
        * card={身份证=1951565857874988,
        * 银行卡=55489484545},
        * games=[合金弹头, 魂斗罗, 超级玛丽],
        *  wife='null',
        * info={password=123456, url=localhost://3306, driver=445145, username=root}}
        *
        * */
    }

5.3 拓展方式注入

我们可以使用P命名空间 和 C命名空间注入

注：需要导入xml约束

    xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"

    <!--p命名空间注入，可以直接注入属性  property  -->
    <bean id="user" class="com.hardy.pojo.User" p:age="18" p:name="hardy"/>

    xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"   

    <!--C命名空间注入，通过有参构造器注入，constructor  -->
    <bean id="user2" class="com.hardy.pojo.User" c:name="张三" c:age="23"/>

5.4 bean的作用域：6种`

singleton：全局只能有1个
prototype：每一个变量都有一个自己的
request   以下的只能在web中使用
session
application
websocket

5.4.1 单例模式（spring默认机制）

    <!--C命名空间注入，通过有参构造器注入，constructor  -->
    <bean id="user2" class="com.hardy.pojo.User" c:name="张三" c:age="23" scope="singleton"/>

    @Test
    public void test(){
        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("userbean.xml");
        User user = (User) context.getBean("user2",User.class);
        User user2 = (User) context.getBean("user2",User.class);
        System.out.println(user==user2);
    }
    //结果为:true

5.4.2 原形模式 每一次从容器中get的时候，会产生新的对象

    <!--C命名空间注入，通过有参构造器注入，constructor  -->
    <bean id="user2" class="com.hardy.pojo.User" c:name="张三" c:age="23" scope="prototype"/>

    @Test
    public void test(){
        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("userbean.xml");
        User user = (User) context.getBean("user2",User.class);
        User user2 = (User) context.getBean("user2",User.class);
        System.out.println(user==user2);
    }
    //结果为：false