spring依赖注入包括两个方面:
依赖:指bean对象创建依赖于容器。bean对象的依赖资源
注入:bean对象的依赖资源由容器来设置和装配
Spring的注入有两类:
1、构造器的注入:使用constructor-arg
<bean id="user" class="com.test.vo.User">
<!-- index指构造方法 参数下标从0开始 -->
<constructor-arg index="0" value="李四"/>
</bean>
2、setter注入
要求被注入的属性,必须有set方法,set方法生成的方法名,由set+属性(首字母大写),如果属性是boolean类型,没有get方法,是is方法。
a、常量注入
<bean id="student" class="com.test.vo.Student">
<property name="name" value="小明"/>
</bean>
b、bean的注入
<bean id="addr" class="com.test.vo.Address"/>
<bean id="student" class="com.test.vo.Student">
<property name="name" value="小明"/>
<property name="addr" ref="addr"/>
</bean>
Address.java
public class Address {
private String address;
public void setAddress(String address) {
this.address = address;
}
public String getAddress() {
return address;
}
}
Student.java
public class Student {
private String name;
private Address addr;
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public void setAddr(Address addr) {
this.addr = addr;
}
public void show(){
System.out.println("name:"+name+" addr="+addr.getAddress());
}
}
3、数组注入
beans.xml配置
<bean id="addr" class="com.test.vo.Address">
<property name="address" value="回龙观"/>
</bean>
<bean id="student" class="com.test.vo.Student">
<property name="name" value="小明"/>
<property name="addr" ref="addr"/>
<property name="books">
<array>
<value>傲慢与偏见</value>
<value>仲夏夜之梦</value>
<value>悲惨世界</value>
</array>
</property>
</bean>
Student.java
public class Student {
private String name;
private Address addr;
private String[] books;
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public void setAddr(Address addr) {
this.addr = addr;
}
public void setBooks(String[] books) {
this.books = books;
}
public void show(){
System.out.println("name:"+name+" addr:"+addr.getAddress());
System.out.println("books=");
for(int i=0;i<books.length;i++){
System.out.print(books[i]+" ");
}
}
}
4、list注入
beans.xml配置
<bean id="addr" class="com.test.vo.Address">
<property name="address" value="回龙观"/>
</bean>
<bean id="student" class="com.test.vo.Student">
<property name="name" value="小明"/>
<property name="addr" ref="addr"/>
<property name="books">
<array>
<value>傲慢与偏见</value>
<value>仲夏夜之梦</value>
<value>悲惨世界</value>
</array>
</property>
<property name="hobbies">
<list>
<value>羽毛球</value>
<value>乒乓球</value>
<value>排球</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
Student.java
public class Student {
private String name;
private Address addr;
private String[] books;
private List<String> hobbies;
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public void setAddr(Address addr) {
this.addr = addr;
}
public void setBooks(String[] books) {
this.books = books;
}
public void setHobbies(List<String> hobbies) {
this.hobbies = hobbies;
}
public void show(){
System.out.println("name:"+name+" addr:"+addr.getAddress());
System.out.println("books=");
for(int i=0;i<books.length;i++){
System.out.print(books[i]+" ");
}
System.out.println();
System.out.println("hobbies="+hobbies);
}
}
5、map注入
beans.xml配置添加
<property name="cards">
<map>
<entry key="中国银行" value="12345678901"/>
<entry>
<key><value>工商银行</value></key>
<value>32119876545</value>
</entry>
</map>
</property>
Student.java
public class Student {
private String name;
private Address addr;
private String[] books;
private List<String> hobbies;
private Map<String,String> cards;
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public void setAddr(Address addr) {
this.addr = addr;
}
public void setBooks(String[] books) {
this.books = books;
}
public void setHobbies(List<String> hobbies) {
this.hobbies = hobbies;
}
public void setCards(Map<String, String> cards) {
this.cards = cards;
}
public void show(){
System.out.println("name:"+name+" addr:"+addr.getAddress());
System.out.println("books=");
for(int i=0;i<books.length;i++){
System.out.print(books[i]+" ");
}
System.out.println();
System.out.println("hobbies="+hobbies);
System.out.println("cards="+cards);
}
}
6、set注入
<property name="games">
<set>
<value>开心消消乐</value>
<value>宾果消消消</value>
</set>
</property>
Student.java
public class Student {
private String name;
private Address addr;
private String[] books;
private List<String> hobbies;
private Map<String,String> cards;
private Set<String> games;
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public void setAddr(Address addr) {
this.addr = addr;
}
public void setBooks(String[] books) {
this.books = books;
}
public void setHobbies(List<String> hobbies) {
this.hobbies = hobbies;
}
public void setGames(Set<String> games) {
this.games = games;
}
public void setCards(Map<String, String> cards) {
this.cards = cards;
}
public void show(){
System.out.println("name:"+name+" addr:"+addr.getAddress());
System.out.println("books=");
for(int i=0;i<books.length;i++){
System.out.print(books[i]+" ");
}
System.out.println();
System.out.println("hobbies="+hobbies);
System.out.println("cards="+cards);
System.out.println("games="+games);
}
}
7、Null注入
<property name="wife"><null/></property>
Student.java添加属性
private String wife;
8、properties注入
<property name="info">
<props>
<prop key="学号">20171050</prop>
<prop key="sex">男</prop>
<prop key="年级">大一</prop>
</props>
</property>
Student.java添加变量
private Properties info;
Test测试类
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
Student stu=(Student) context.getBean("student");
stu.show();
}
}
测试所有代码运行结果,如图:
需要在beans.xml配置头文件中加入
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
<!--p命名空间注入 属性依然要设置set方法 -->
<bean id="user" class="com.test.vo.User" p:name="小红" p:age="12"/>
新建User.java
public class User {
private String name;
private int age;
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User[name="+name+",age="+age+"]";
}
}
测试类改为
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
User u=(User) context.getBean("user");
System.out.println(u);
}
}
测试结果:
User[name=小红,age=12]