网络编程的概述
计算机网路:不同区域的电脑,通过线路连接,实现数据交互和资源共享的网络系统
网络编程:解决如何实现数据交互和资源共享的问题(主要用Socket+io流+多线程)
网络模型:
1.OSI七层模型:应用层、表示层、会话层、传输层、网络层、数据链路层、物理层
2.TCP/IP四层模型:应用层(应用层、表示层、会话层)、传输层、网络层、网络接口层(数据链路层、物理层)
网络编程3要素:IP、port(端口)、协议(数据传输规则)
IP地址:网络计算机的唯一标识。特殊地址:127.0.0.1(回环地址,可用于测试本机ip)
端口号:正在运行程序的识别,有效端口0-65535,其中0-1024系统使用或保留端口。
协议:TCP、UDP都是传输层的协议
TCP:可靠协议,必须建立连接,效率低。例如:打电话
UDP:不可靠协议,无连接,效率高。例如:发短信
注意:同一个协议端口不能重复,不同的协议端口可以重复
TCP编程
InetAddress类,用来表示主机信息
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
import java.util.Arrays;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) throws UnknownHostException {
//根据域名获取INetAddress对象
InetAddress net = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
System.out.println(net);
//获取域名对应的所有的ip
InetAddress[] nets = InetAddress.getAllByName("www.baidu.com");
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(nets));
//获取本地主机
net = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
System.out.println(net);
}
}
运行结果
www.baidu.com/14.215.177.38
[www.baidu.com/14.215.177.38, www.baidu.com/14.215.177.39]
我们来做个案例:聊天室,也就是跟QQ群里面聊天一样,客户端的登陆、可以@ 可以私聊,可以群发、退出有提示,分为两个部分服务器(你不记的内容由老马帮你保存):主要感应是否有客户端连接,以及收发数据给客户端。客户端:对服务器进行连接,以及通过服务器收发数据
Socket也叫套接字,其表示的是IP地址和端口的组合
网络编程主要就是指Socket编程,网路间的通信其实就是Socket间的通信,数据就是通过IO流在两个Socket间的传递
API:Socket、ServerSocket(有事没事多去看看API文档)
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class TcpServer {
//实例化集合,用于存储线程对象
public static List<ServerThread> list = new ArrayList<>();
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
ServerSocket server = new ServerSocket(10086);
System.out.println("服务器监听10086端口...");
while(true){//循环用于可以随时连接多个用户
Socket socket = server.accept();//接受:用于阻塞,防止死循环
System.out.println("有一个客户端进行了连接");
ServerThread st = new ServerThread(socket);
st.start();
list.add(st); //存线程对象
}
}
}
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
public class TcpClient {
public static void main(String[] args) throws UnknownHostException, IOException {
Socket socket = new Socket("127.0.0.1", 10086);
new WriteThread(socket).start(); //客户端发送数据
new ReadThread(socket).start(); //客户端接收数据
}
}
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.net.Socket;
import com.qf.a_close.CloseUtils;
public class WriteThread extends Thread {
private Socket socket;
private BufferedWriter bw; //写
private BufferedReader br; //控制台录入
public WriteThread(Socket socket) throws IOException {
this.socket = socket;
bw = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream()));
br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));//用字符流输入来代替scanner输入
}
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("请输入用户名:");
try {
while(true){
String msg = br.readLine(); //接收控制台数据
bw.write(msg);
bw.newLine(); //换行
bw.flush(); //刷新缓冲区
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
CloseUtils.closeAll(bw,br,socket);
}
}
}
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.Socket;
import com.qf.a_close.CloseUtils;
public class ReadThread extends Thread {
private BufferedReader br;
private Socket socket;
public ReadThread(Socket socket) throws IOException {
br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
this.socket = socket;
}
@Override
public void run() {
String msg;
try {
while(true){
msg = br.readLine();
System.out.println(msg);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
CloseUtils.closeAll(br,socket);
}
}
}
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.util.List;
import com.qf.a_close.CloseUtils;
public class ServerThread extends Thread {
private BufferedReader br; //读
private BufferedWriter bw; //写
private Socket socket;
public ServerThread(Socket socket) throws IOException {
br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
bw = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream()));
this.socket = socket;
}
@Override
public void run() {
welcome(); //欢迎信息
try {
while(true){
String msg = br.readLine(); //读取信息
if(msg.startsWith("@")&&msg.contains("#")){
//私聊
sendToOne(msg);
}else{
//群发
sendToOther(this.getName()+"说:"+msg);
}
}
} catch (IOException e) {
sendToOther(this.getName()+"退出了聊天室");
//在集合中移除该线程对象
TcpServer.list.remove(this);
}finally{
CloseUtils.closeAll(br,bw,socket);
}
}
private void sendToOne(String msg) {
//私聊 substring:提取子串 split:按字符串拆分
String[] a = msg.substring(1).split("#");
String name = a[0];
String content = a[1];
for(ServerThread st : TcpServer.list){
if(st.getName().equals(name)){
st.sendMsg(this.getName()+"悄悄对你说:"+content);
}
}
}
private void sendToOther(String msg) {
for(ServerThread st : TcpServer.list){
if(st != this){ //除自身以外,都转发一份出去
st.sendMsg(msg);
}
}
}
private void sendMsg(String msg) {
try {
bw.write(msg);
bw.newLine();
bw.flush();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
private void welcome() {
try {
String msg = br.readLine();
this.setName(msg); //设置线程名
msg = "【温馨提示】:欢迎"+msg+"进入聊天室";
sendMsg(msg);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
package com.qf.a.close;
import java.io.Closeable;
import java.io.IOException;
public class CloseUtils {
public static void closeAll(Closeable...closeables){
for(Closeable c : closeables){
if(c!=null){
try {
c.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}