一. 原始jdbc操作
1. 查询数据
2. 插入数据
3. 原始jdbc操作的分析
二. MyBatis简介
1. 什么是mybatis
-
MyBatis 是一款优秀的持久层框架
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MyBatis 避免了几乎所有的 JDBC 代码和手动设置参数以及获取结果集的过程
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MyBatis 可以使用简单的 XML 或注解来配置和映射原生信息,将接口和 Java 的 实体类映射成数据库中的记录。
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MyBatis 本是apache的一个开源项目ibatis, 2010年这个项目由apache 迁移到了google code,并且改名为MyBatis 。
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Mybatis官方文档 : http://www.mybatis.org/mybatis-3/zh/index.html
2. 什么是持久化
持久化是将程序数据在持久状态和瞬时状态间转换的机制。
-
即把数据(如内存中的对象)保存到可永久保存的存储设备中(如磁盘)。持久化的主要应用是将内存中的对象存储在数据库中,或者存储在磁盘文件中、XML数据文件中等等。
-
JDBC就是一种持久化机制。文件IO也是一种持久化机制。
持久层:
-
完成持久化工作的代码块 . ----> dao层 【DAO (Data Access Object) 数据访问对象】
-
说白了就是用来操作数据库存在的!
三. MyBatis开发步骤
1. 创建数据库
CREATE DATABASE `mybatis`;
USE `mybatis`;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `user`;
CREATE TABLE `user` (
`id` int(20) NOT NULL,
`name` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL,
`pwd` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
insert into `user`(`id`,`name`,`pwd`) values (1,'狂神','123456'),(2,'张三','abcdef'),(3,'李四','987654');
2. IDEA中导入MyBatis所需jar包
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>3.5.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.47</version>
</dependency>
3. pojo层下编写实体类
public class User {
private int id; //id
private String name; //姓名
private String pwd; //密码
//构造,有参,无参
//set/get
//toString()
}
4. resources下编写MyBatis核心配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<!--导入properties文件-->
<properties resource="db.properties"/>
<environments default="development">
<environment id="development">
<transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
<dataSource type="POOLED">
<property name="driver" value="${driver}"/>
<property name="url" value="${url}"/>
<property name="username" value="${username}"/>
<property name="password" value="${password}"/>
</dataSource>
</environment>
</environments>
<!--每一个Mapper.xml都需要在mybatis核心配置文件中注册-->
<mappers>
<mapper resource="com/pudding/dao/UserMapper.xml"/>
</mappers>
</configuration>
MyBatis核心配置文件层级关系
4.1 environment标签
4.2 mapper标签
4.3 properties标签
<!--通过properties标签加载外部properties文件-->
<properties resource="jdbc.properties"></properties>
driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis?useSSL=true&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
username=root
password=root
4.4 typeAliases标签
typeAliases给实体类起别名
5. utils包下编写MyBatis工具类
在工具类中获得resources包下的mybatis核心配置文件,进而获取SqlSession连接
package com.pudding.utils;
import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
//SqlSessionFactory --> SqlSession
public class MybatisUtils {
private static SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory;
static {
try {
//使用mybatis第一步:获取SqlSessionFactory对象
String resource = "mybatis-config.xml";
InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//获取SqlSession连接
//既然有了 SqlSessionFactory,顾名思义,我们可以从中获得 SqlSession 的实例
//SqlSession 提供了在数据库执行 SQL 命令所需的所有方法
public static SqlSession getSession(){
return sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
}
}
6. 在dao层下编写实体类的Mapper接口类
package com.pudding.dao;
import com.pudding.pojo.User;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
public interface UserMapper {
//查询所有用户
List<User> getUserList();
//根据ID查询用户
User getUserById(int id);
User getUserById(Map<String,Object> map);
//insert一个用户
int addUser(User user);
//万能的Map
int addUser2(Map<String,Object> map);
//修改用户
int updateUser(User user);
//根据id删除用户
int deleteUser(int id);
}
7. 编写实体类对应的Mapper.xml配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<!--namespace=绑定一个对应的Dao/Mapper接口-->
<mapper namespace="com.pudding.dao.UserMapper">
<select id="getUserList" resultType="com.pudding.pojo.User">
select * from user
</select>
<select id="getUserById" parameterType="int" resultType="com.pudding.pojo.User">
select * from user where id = #{id}
</select>
<select id="getUserById2" parameterType="map" resultType="com.pudding.pojo.User">
select * from user where id = #{id} and name = #{name}
</select>
<insert id="addUser" parameterType="com.pudding.pojo.User">
insert into user (id, name ,pwd) value (#{id},#{name},#{pwd});
</insert>
<update id="updateUser" parameterType="com.pudding.pojo.User">
update user set name=#{name},pwd=#{pwd} where id = #{id}
</update>
<delete id="deleteUser" parameterType="com.pudding.pojo.User">
delete from user where id = #{id}
</delete>
</mapper>
mybatis映射文件概述
根标签是mapper
- 注:resultType中可以通过typeAliases取得别名进行添写
返回的就是userMapper接口对应的实现的对象。然后直接就可以通过该对象调用相应的方法。
7.1 delete标签
- where条件标签
- if判断标签
- foreach循环标签
<!--删除操作-->
<delete id="delete" parameterType="int">
delete from mybatis.user where id=#{id}
</delete>
7.2 update标签
- where条件标签
- if判断标签
- foreach循环标签
<!--修改操作-->
<update id="update" parameterType="com.itheima.domain.User">
update mybatis.user set name=#{username},pwd=#{password} where id=#{id}
</update>
7.3 insert标签
<!--插入操作-->
<insert id="save" parameterType="com.itheima.domain.User">
insert into mybatis.user values(#{id},#{username},#{password})
</insert>
7.4 select标签
- where条件标签
- if判断标签
- foreach循环标签
<!--查询操作-->
<!--resultType:结果类型,查询的结果类型封装到相应的实体类-->
<select id="findAll" resultMap="UserMap">
select * from mybatis.user
</select>
<!--根据id进行查询-->
<select id="findById" resultMap="UserMap" parameterType="int">
select * from mybatis.user where id=#{id}
</select>
7.5 resultMap标签
<resultMap id="UserMap" type="User">
<!-- id为主键 -->
<id column="id" property="id"/>
<!-- column是数据库表的列名 , property是对应实体类的属性名 -->
<result column="name" property="username"/>
<result column="pwd" property="password"/>
</resultMap>
7.6 sql标签
进行sql片段抽取
8. 通过测试类进行测试
package com.pudding.dao;
import com.pudding.pojo.User;
import com.pudding.utils.MybatisUtils;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.util.List;
public class UserMapperTest {
@Test
public void testfindAll(){
//第一步:获得SQLSession对象
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSession();
//方式一:getMapper
UserMapper userMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
List<User> userList = userMapper.getUserList();
for(User user : userList){
System.out.println(user);
}
sqlSession.close();
}
@Test
public void tsetSelectUserById() {
SqlSession session = MybatisUtils.getSession(); //获取SqlSession连接
UserMapper mapper = session.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
User user = mapper.getUserById(1);
System.out.println(user);
session.close();
}
//增删改需要提交事务
@Test
public void testAddUser() {
SqlSession session = MybatisUtils.getSession();
UserMapper mapper = session.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
User user = new User(4,"王五","zxcvbn");
int i = mapper.addUser(user);
System.out.println(i);
session.commit(); //提交事务,重点!不写的话不会提交到数据库
session.close();
}
@Test
public void testUpdateUser() {
SqlSession session = MybatisUtils.getSession();
UserMapper mapper = session.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
mapper.updateUser(new User(4, "哈哈", "123123"));
session.commit(); //提交事务,重点!不写的话不会提交到数据库
session.close();
}
@Test
public void testDeleteUser() {
SqlSession session = MybatisUtils.getSession();
UserMapper mapper = session.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
int i = mapper.deleteUser(4);
System.out.println(i);
session.commit(); //提交事务,重点!不写的话不会提交到数据库
session.close();
}
}
9. 注意事项
Maven中的build下要配置静态资源过滤问题
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>Mybatis-Study</artifactId>
<groupId>com.pudding</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>mybatis-01</artifactId>
<build>
<resources>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/java</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.properties</include>
<include>**/*.xml</include>
</includes>
<filtering>false</filtering>
</resource>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.properties</include>
<include>**/*.xml</include>
</includes>
<filtering>false</filtering>
</resource>
</resources>
</build>
</project>
四. MyBatis相应的API
1. SqlSessionFactoryBuilder(SqlSession工厂构建器)
2. SqlSessionFactory(SqlSession工厂对象)
3. SqlSession(会话对象)