【Spring Boot】7.注入配置文件

1.方法一：spring注解注入

1.1 创建Student.java

package com.example.demo.pojo;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;


//注入配置方法一：Spring注解方法
@Component //相当于配置文件中 <bean id="user" class="当前注解的类"/>
public class Student {
    @Value("zhang")
    private String name;
    @Value("21")
    private Integer age;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Student() {
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
}

1.2 在test测试中进行测试

package com.example.demo;

import com.example.demo.pojo.Student;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;

@SpringBootTest
class DemoApplicationTests {
    @Autowired//@Autowired是按类型自动装配的，同一类型的对象需唯一
    private Student student;

    @Test
    void contextLoads() {
        System.out.println(student);
    }
}

2.方法二:使用yaml注入配置

2.1更改配置文件

把application.properties改成application.yaml

person:
 name: zhang
 age: 3
 happy: false
 birth: 2000/01/01
 maps: {k1: v1,k2: v2}
 lists:
   - code
   - girl
   - music

2.2 创建Person.java

package com.example.demo.pojo;

import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

//注入配置方法二：Yaml注入配置文件
@Component// 组件  相当于配置文件中 <bean id="user" class="当前注解的类"/>
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "person")
public class Person {
        private String name;
        private Integer age;
        private Boolean happy;
        private Date birth;
        private Map<String,Object> maps;
        private List<Object> lists;

    public Person() {
    }

    public Person(String name, Integer age, Boolean happy, Date birth, Map<String, Object> maps, List<Object> lists) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.happy = happy;
        this.birth = birth;
        this.maps = maps;
        this.lists = lists;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Boolean getHappy() {
        return happy;
    }

    public void setHappy(Boolean happy) {
        this.happy = happy;
    }

    public Date getBirth() {
        return birth;
    }

    public void setBirth(Date birth) {
        this.birth = birth;
    }

    public Map<String, Object> getMaps() {
        return maps;
    }

    public void setMaps(Map<String, Object> maps) {
        this.maps = maps;
    }

    public List<Object> getLists() {
        return lists;
    }

    public void setLists(List<Object> lists) {
        this.lists = lists;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", happy=" + happy +
                ", birth=" + birth +
                ", maps=" + maps +
                ", lists=" + lists +
                '}';
    }
}

2.3 在test测试中进行测试

 @Autowired
    private Person person;

    @Test
    void contextLoads2() {
        System.out.println(person);
    }

3.使用properties配置文件注入

3.1 创建person2.properties

name=zhang
age=18

3.2创建person2.java

package com.example.demo.pojo;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

//注入配置方法三：加载指定配置文件
@Component// 组件  相当于配置文件中 <bean id="user" class="当前注解的类"/>
@PropertySource(value = "classpath:person2.properties")  //绑定Yaml
public class Person2 {
    @Value("${name}")
    private String name;
    @Value("${age}")
    private Integer age;
    private Boolean happy;
    private Date birth;
    private Map<String,Object> maps;
    private List<Object> lists;

    public Person2() {
    }

    public Person2(String name, Integer age, Boolean happy, Date birth, Map<String, Object> maps, List<Object> lists) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.happy = happy;
        this.birth = birth;
        this.maps = maps;
        this.lists = lists;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Boolean getHappy() {
        return happy;
    }

    public void setHappy(Boolean happy) {
        this.happy = happy;
    }

    public Date getBirth() {
        return birth;
    }

    public void setBirth(Date birth) {
        this.birth = birth;
    }

    public Map<String, Object> getMaps() {
        return maps;
    }

    public void setMaps(Map<String, Object> maps) {
        this.maps = maps;
    }

    public List<Object> getLists() {
        return lists;
    }

    public void setLists(List<Object> lists) {
        this.lists = lists;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", happy=" + happy +
                ", birth=" + birth +
                ", maps=" + maps +
                ", lists=" + lists +
                '}';
    }
}

3.3 测试

4. @ConfigurationProperties与@Value对比

• @ConfigurationProperties只需要写一次即可 ， @Value则需要每个字段都添加
• 松散绑定：yml中写的last-name，这个和lastName是一样的， - 后面跟
  着的字母默认是大写的。这就是松散绑定。
• JSR303数据校验 ， 这个就是我们可以在字段是增加一层过滤器验证 ， 可以保证数据的合法性
• 复杂类型封装，yml中可以封装对象 ， 使用value就不支持

4.1 结论

如果我们在某个业务中，只需要获取配置文件中的某个值，可以使用一下 @value；其他情况用yaml