java.sql.SQLException: 索引中丢失 IN 或 OUT 参数:: 12

出现这个错误有很多种情况，下面说说我自己遇到的情况：

com.jfinal.plugin.activerecord.ActiveRecordException: java.sql.SQLException: 索引中丢失  IN 或 OUT 参数:: 12
	at com.jfinal.plugin.activerecord.DbPro.update(DbPro.java:283)
	at com.jfinal.plugin.activerecord.Db.update(Db.java:206)
	at com.yoncent.model.finance.Approval$1.run(Approval.java:54)		//从日志中寻找报错的位置（这个java类是我的代码类）
	at com.jfinal.plugin.activerecord.DbPro.tx(DbPro.java:711)
	at com.jfinal.plugin.activerecord.DbPro.tx(DbPro.java:748)
	at com.jfinal.plugin.activerecord.Db.tx(Db.java:460)
	at com.yoncent.model.finance.Approval.insertApproval(Approval.java:46)
	at com.yoncent.manager.finance.ApprovalManager.saveApproval(ApprovalManager.java:52)
	at com.yoncent.action.finance.ApprovalController.saveApproval(ApprovalController.java:43)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
	at com.jfinal.aop.Invocation.invoke(Invocation.java:73)
	at com.jfinal.ext.interceptor.SessionInViewInterceptor.intercept(SessionInViewInterceptor.java:44)
	at com.jfinal.aop.Invocation.invoke(Invocation.java:67)
	at com.jfinal.core.ActionHandler.handle(ActionHandler.java:74)
	at com.jfinal.ext.handler.ContextPathHandler.handle(ContextPathHandler.java:47)
	at com.yoncent.handler.SessionHandler.handle(SessionHandler.java:101)
	at com.yoncent.handler.FrontHandler.handle(FrontHandler.java:55)
	at com.jfinal.core.JFinalFilter.doFilter(JFinalFilter.java:72)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:241)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:208)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:219)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:110)
	at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:492)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:165)
	at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:104)
	at org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve.invoke(AccessLogValve.java:1025)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:116)
	at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:452)
	at org.apache.coyote.http11.AbstractHttp11Processor.process(AbstractHttp11Processor.java:1201)
	at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$AbstractConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:654)
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.AprEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(AprEndpoint.java:2532)
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.AprEndpoint$SocketProcessor.run(AprEndpoint.java:2521)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624)
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
Caused by: java.sql.SQLException: 索引中丢失  IN 或 OUT 参数:: 12
	at oracle.jdbc.driver.DatabaseError.throwSqlException(DatabaseError.java:112)
	at oracle.jdbc.driver.DatabaseError.throwSqlException(DatabaseError.java:146)
	at oracle.jdbc.driver.OraclePreparedStatement.processCompletedBindRow(OraclePreparedStatement.java:1729)
	at oracle.jdbc.driver.OraclePreparedStatement.executeInternal(OraclePreparedStatement.java:3365)
	at oracle.jdbc.driver.OraclePreparedStatement.executeUpdate(OraclePreparedStatement.java:3454)
	at com.mchange.v2.c3p0.impl.NewProxyPreparedStatement.executeUpdate(NewProxyPreparedStatement.java:105)
	at com.jfinal.plugin.activerecord.DbPro.update(DbPro.java:264)
	at com.jfinal.plugin.activerecord.DbPro.update(DbPro.java:281)

然后去看自己写的java类（上面的日志里说的是54行）

54行就这么一句Db.update(sql.toString(), array); ，问题已经很明显了，要么是sql语句、要么是array参数(我这个方法是新增)，

由于框架的原因，我这里的SQL是字符串拼接，不是像MyBatis那样的xml文件，查新增SQL，无非就是看字段名是否写错（如果写错不会报java.sql.SQLException: 索引中丢失 IN 或 OUT 参数:: 12这个错的，所以排除），还有就是看新增的字段和后面的占位符（?）的个数是否相等（显然也不是）

经排查，那就是array参数的问题，我新增的字段写了12个，但是array参数只给了11个，结果就是java.sql.SQLException: 索引中丢失 IN 或 OUT 参数:: 12