创建SpringMVC程序

导入相关依赖

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>5.3.10</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>2.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>

在web.xml中配置DispatchServlet

<servlet>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class >org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <!--启动级别-->
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

/: 匹配所有请求 不包括jsp

/*:匹配所有请求 包括jsp

配置spring xml配置文件

​
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="Index of /schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="Index of /schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
</beans>
核心三要素
<!--处理映射器:DispatcherServlet给他的ModelAndView-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"/>
<!--处理适配器:DispatcherServlet给他的ModelAndView-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"/>
<!--视图解析器:DispatcherServlet给他的ModelAndView-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="InternalResourceViewResolver">
<!--前缀-->
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
<!--后缀-->
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
​

创建controller

package com.cyc.controller;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class HelloController implements Controller {
@Override
public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
ModelAndView mv=new ModelAndView();
//业务代码
String result="hello";
mv.addObject("msg",result);
//视图调转
mv.setViewName("test");
return mv;
}
}

在sring配置文件中

</bean><bean id="/hello" class="com.cyc.controller.HelloController" />

使用注解开发

第一步 配置web.xml文件

​
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="Jakarta EE XML Schemas | The Eclipse Foundation"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="Jakarta EE XML Schemas | The Eclipse Foundation https://jakarta.ee/xml/ns/jakartaee/web-app_5_0.xsd"
version="5.0">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!--通过初始化参数指定SpringMVC配置文件的位置，进行关联-->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<!-- 启动顺序，数字越小，启动越早 -->
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<!--所有请求都会被springmvc拦截 -->
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
​

在resource目录下添加springmvc-servlet.xml配置文件，配置的形式与Spring容器配置基本类似，为了支持基于注解的IOC，设置了自动扫描包的功能，具体配置信息如下：

​
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="Index of /schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="Index of /schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="Index of /schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="Index of /schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
Index of /schema/context
https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
Index of /schema/mvc
https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<!-- 自动扫描包，让指定包下的注解生效,由IOC容器统一管理 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.cyc.controller"/>
<!-- 让Spring MVC不处理静态资源 -->
<mvc:default-servlet-handler />
<!--
支持mvc注解驱动
在spring中一般采用@RequestMapping注解来完成映射关系
要想使@RequestMapping注解生效
必须向上下文中注册DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping
和一个AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter实例
这两个实例分别在类级别和方法级别处理。
而annotation-driven配置帮助我们自动完成上述两个实例的注入。
-->
<mvc:annotation-driven />
<!-- 视图解析器 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
id="internalResourceViewResolver">
<!-- 前缀 -->
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
<!-- 后缀 -->
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
</bean>
</beans>
​

创建Controller

controller层中

package com.cyc.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

@Controller
public class HelloController {
@RequestMapping("/hello")
public String sayHello(Model model){
//向模型中添加属性msg与值，可以在JSP页面中取出并渲染
model.addAttribute("msg","hello,SpringMVC");
//web-inf/jsp/hello.jsp
return "/hello.jsp";
}
}

@Conroller是为了让SPring ioc容器初始化扫描到

@RequestMapping是为了映射请求路劲

方法返回的结果是视图的名称hello 加上配置文件中的后缀/hello.jsp

@RequestMapping注解应用于url到控制器类或一个特定处理程序的方法 可用于类或者方法上