一、Eureka的基础功能
服务治理
SpringCloud封装了Netflix公司开发的Eureka模块来实现服务治理。在传统的rpc远程调用框架中,管理每个服务与服务之间的依赖关系比较复杂,管理起来比较困难,所以需要使用服务治理管理服务与服务之间的依赖关系,可以实现服务调用、负载均衡、容错等,实现服务发现与注册。
服务注册与发现
Eureka采用了CS的设计架构,Eureka Server作为服务注册功能的服务器,它是服务注册中心。而系统中的其他微服务,使用Eureka的客户端连接到Eureka ever并维持心跳连接。这样系统的维护人员就可以通过Eureka Server来监控系统中各个微服务是否正常运行。
在服务注册与发现中,有一个注册中心。当服务器启动的时候,会把当前自己服务器的信息比如服务地址通讯地址等以别名方式注册到注册中心上。另一方(消费者服务提供者),以该别名的方式去注册中心上获取到实际的服务通讯地址,然后再实现本地NPC调用RPC远程调用框架核心设计思想在于注册中心,因为使用注册中心管理每个服务与服务之间的一个依赖关系(服务治理概念)。在任何rpc远程框架中,都会有一个注册中心(存放服务地址相关信息(接口地址)
Eureka包含两个组件:Eureka Server和Eureka Client
Eureka Server提供服务注册服务,各个微服务节点通过配置启动后,会在EurekaServer中进行注册,这样EurekaServer中的服务注册表中将会存储所有可用服务节点的信息,服务节点的信息可以在界面中直观看到。
EurekaClient通过注册中心进行访问,是一个Java客户端,用于简化Eureka Server的交互,客户端同时也具备一个内置的、使用轮询(round-robin)负载算法的负载均衡器。在应用启动后,将会向Eureka Server发送心跳(默认周期为30秒)。如果Eureka Server在多个心跳周期内没有接收到某个节点的心跳, EurekaServer将会从服务注册表中把这个服务节点移除(默认90秒)
二、配置Eureka单机模式
(1) 依赖配置
父工程pom
<!-- 统一管理jar包版本 -->
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
<junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
<log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version>
<lombok.version>1.16.18</lombok.version>
<mysql.version>8.0.17</mysql.version>
<druid.version>1.1.16</druid.version>
<mybatis.spring.boot.version>1.3.0</mybatis.spring.boot.version>
</properties>
<!-- 子模块继承之后,提供作用:锁定版本+子modlue不用写groupId和version -->
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<!--spring boot 2.2.2-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>2.2.2.RELEASE</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<!--spring cloud Hoxton.SR1-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Hoxton.SR1</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<!--spring cloud alibaba 2.1.0.RELEASE-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>2.1.0.RELEASE</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>${mysql.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>${druid.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>${mybatis.spring.boot.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>${junit.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>${log4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>${lombok.version}</version>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<!--spring cloud alibaba 2.1.0.RELEASE-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>2.1.0.RELEASE</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<fork>true</fork>
<addResources>true</addResources>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
服务端pom
<dependencies>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.cloud/spring-cloud-starter-eureka-server -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
<version>${project.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-web -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-web -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-devtools -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.projectlombok/lombok -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-test -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
客户端pom
<dependencies>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-web -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-web -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-web -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.alibaba/druid -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>1.1.10</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/mysql/mysql-connector-java -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-jdbc -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-devtools -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.projectlombok/lombok -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-test -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
<version>${project.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.cloud/spring-cloud-starter-eureka-server -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--包含了sleuth+zipkin-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zipkin</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
(2) yml配置
服务端yml
server:
port: 7001
eureka:
instance:
hostname: localhost #eureka服务端的实例名字
client:
register-with-eureka: false #表识不向注册中心注册自己
fetch-registry: false #表示自己就是注册中心,职责是维护服务实例,并不需要去检索服务
service-url:
defaultZone: http://localhost:7001/eureka/ #设置与eureka server交互的地址查询服务和注册服务都需要依赖这个地址
#defaultZone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/
客户端yml
server:
port: 8001
spring:
application:
name: cloud-payment-service
eureka:
client:
register-with-eureka: true
fetchRegistry: true
service-url:
defaultZone: http://localhost:7001/eureka
(3) 启动类
服务端主启动
@EnableEurekaServer
@SpringBootApplication
public class EurekaMain7001 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(EurekaMain7001.class,args);
}
}
客户端主启动
@EnableEurekaClient
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class PaymentMain8001 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(PaymentMain8001.class,args);
}
}
(4) 先启动Eureka服务端,再启动客户端,浏览器输入配置的http://localhost:7001/,成功访问注册中心,并且里面有一个注册的8001服务
三、Eureka集群配置
(1) 参照注册中心7001新建注册中心7002
(2) 修改注册中心7001和7002的yml配置
server:
port: 7001
eureka:
instance:
hostname: eureka7001.com #eureka服务端的实例名字
client:
register-with-eureka: false #表识不向注册中心注册自己
fetch-registry: false #表示自己就是注册中心,职责是维护服务实例,并不需要去检索服务
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka/ #设置与eureka server交互的地址查询服务和注册服务都需要依赖这个地址
server:
port: 7002
eureka:
instance:
hostname: eureka7002.com #eureka服务端的实例名字
client:
register-with-eureka: false #表识不向注册中心注册自己
fetch-registry: false #表示自己就是注册中心,职责是维护服务实例,并不需要去检索服务
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka/ #设置与eureka server交互的地址查询服务和注册服务都需要依赖这个地址
(3)修改客户端的注册配置,改成集群模式
server:
port: 8001
spring:
application:
name: cloud-payment-service
eureka:
client:
register-with-eureka: true
fetchRegistry: true
service-url:
#defaultZone: http://localhost:7001/eureka
defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka,http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka #集群版
(4) 修改本地hosts映射,在hosts文件中加入一下两行,这样就可以通过映射访问eureka了
127.0.0.1 eureka7001.com
127.0.0.1 eureka7002.com
四、actuator微服务信息完善
修改cloud-provider-payment8001的配置文件:
服务名称修改
instance:
instance-id: payment8001
访问信息有ip信息提示
instance:
prefer-ip-address: true
修改之后的完整内容
eureka:
client:
register-with-eureka: true
fetchRegistry: true
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka,http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka #集群版
instance:
instance-id: payment8001
prefer-ip-address: true