2020-08-22

基于java8的时间工具类(个人总结)

项目开发中经常使用到时间处理,但是这些时间处理方法有许多值得探讨的方法

引用:

https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/135985813--分析

https://blog.csdn.net/qq_36596145/article/details/85331002--时间工具类

一.SimpleDateFormat线程不安全

阿里手册中是禁止使用static修饰SimpleDateFormat

 1.SimpleDateFormat的format方法

  private StringBuffer format(Date date, StringBuffer toAppendTo,
                                FieldDelegate delegate) {
        // Convert input date to time field list
        calendar.setTime(date);

        boolean useDateFormatSymbols = useDateFormatSymbols();

        for (int i = 0; i < compiledPattern.length; ) {
            int tag = compiledPattern[i] >>> 8;
            int count = compiledPattern[i++] & 0xff;
            if (count == 255) {
                count = compiledPattern[i++] << 16;
                count |= compiledPattern[i++];
            }

            switch (tag) {
            case TAG_QUOTE_ASCII_CHAR:
                toAppendTo.append((char)count);
                break;

            case TAG_QUOTE_CHARS:
                toAppendTo.append(compiledPattern, i, count);
                i += count;
                break;

            default:
                subFormat(tag, count, delegate, toAppendTo, useDateFormatSymbols);
                break;
            }
        }
        return toAppendTo;
    }

其中的calendar是一个共享变量,并且没有做线程安全控制,因此在多并发的情况下,调用到calendar.setTime方法的时候,可能会造成一个线程刚设置好time就被另外一个线程给修改了,导致获取不到正确的值.

    protected Calendar calendar;

测试

package src.com.sinosig.sl.sssc.test;

import java.text.ParseException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
public class SimpleDateFormatTest {


    private static SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");

    private static Date d1 = null;

    private static Date d2 = null;

    private static Date d3 = null;

    static {
        try {
            d1 =sdf.parse("2020-12-12 12:12:12");
            d2 =sdf.parse("2019-11-11 11:11:11");
            d3 =sdf.parse("2018-10-10 10:10:10");
        } catch (ParseException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Thread t1 = new Thread(() -> {
            String parse = sdf.format(d1);
            System.out.println("当前日期d1：" + parse);
        });

        Thread t2 = new Thread(() -> {
            String parse = sdf.format(d2);
            System.out.println("当前日期d2：" + parse);
        });


        Thread t3 = new Thread(() -> {
            String parse = sdf.format(d3);
            System.out.println("当前日期d3：" + parse);
        });

        t1.start();
        t2.start();
        t3.start();

        try {
            t1.join();
            t2.join();
            t3.join();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }


    }
}

测试结果

当前日期d1：2018-11-11 11:11:11
当前日期d3：2018-11-11 11:11:11
当前日期d2：2019-11-11 11:11:11

 

2.SimpleDateFormat的parse方法

        Date parsedDate;
        try {
            parsedDate = calb.establish(calendar).getTime();
            // If the year value is ambiguous,
            // then the two-digit year == the default start year
            if (ambiguousYear[0]) {
                if (parsedDate.before(defaultCenturyStart)) {
                    parsedDate = calb.addYear(100).establish(calendar).getTime();
                }
            }
        }
        // An IllegalArgumentException will be thrown by Calendar.getTime()
        // if any fields are out of range, e.g., MONTH == 17.
        catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
            pos.errorIndex = start;
            pos.index = oldStart;
            return null;
        }

其中parse方法中有一步是parsedDate = calb.establish(calendar).getTime().

    Calendar establish(Calendar cal) {
        boolean weekDate = isSet(WEEK_YEAR)
                            && field[WEEK_YEAR] > field[YEAR];
        if (weekDate && !cal.isWeekDateSupported()) {
            // Use YEAR instead
            if (!isSet(YEAR)) {
                set(YEAR, field[MAX_FIELD + WEEK_YEAR]);
            }
            weekDate = false;
        }

        cal.clear();

方法内部的实现有一个clear操作,多并发的情况下存在一个线程执行了clear,另外一个线程来get就没有东西了,就会报空指针.

测试

package com.sinosig.sl.sssc.service.impl;

import java.text.ParseException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;

import org.apache.commons.lang3.time.DateFormatUtils;

import com.sinosig.sl.sssc.base.utils.ThreadLocalDateUtil;

public class DateFormatTest {
	private static SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");

    private static Date parse(String date){
        Date parse = null;
         try {
            return sdf.parse(date);
        } catch (ParseException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }
    
    private static Date parse1(String date){
        Date parse = null;
         try {
            return sdf.parse(date);
        } catch (ParseException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }
    public static void main(String[] args)  {
        Thread t1 = new Thread(() -> {
            Date parse=parse("2020-12-12 12:12:12");
			 System.out.println("当前日期：" + parse);
        });

        Thread t2 = new Thread(() -> {
        	Date parse=parse("2020-12-12 12:12:12");
            System.out.println("当前日期：" + parse);
        });


        Thread t3 = new Thread(() -> {
            Date parse=parse("2020-12-12 12:12:12");
            System.out.println("当前日期：" + parse);
        });

        t1.start();
        t2.start();
        t3.start();

        try {
            t1.join();
            t2.join();
            t3.join();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println("线程执行完毕");

    }
}

测试结果

Exception in thread "Thread-1" java.lang.NumberFormatException: For input string: ""
	at java.lang.NumberFormatException.forInputString(NumberFormatException.java:65)
	at java.lang.Long.parseLong(Long.java:601)
	at java.lang.Long.parseLong(Long.java:631)
	at java.text.DigitList.getLong(DigitList.java:195)
	at java.text.DecimalFormat.parse(DecimalFormat.java:2084)
	at java.text.SimpleDateFormat.subParse(SimpleDateFormat.java:2162)
	at java.text.SimpleDateFormat.parse(SimpleDateFormat.java:1514)
	at java.text.DateFormat.parse(DateFormat.java:364)
	at com.sinosig.sl.sssc.service.impl.DateFormatTest.parse(DateFormatTest.java:17)
	at com.sinosig.sl.sssc.service.impl.DateFormatTest.lambda$1(DateFormatTest.java:40)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
当前日期：Sat Dec 12 12:12:12 CST 2020
当前日期：Sat Dec 12 12:12:12 CST 2020
线程执行完毕

二.解决方案

1使用局部变量

在方法内部每次用到都new SimpleDateformat();但是这样使用可能会占用大量的内存和jvm空间

2.ThreadLocal

	private static ThreadLocal<SimpleDateFormat> sdf= new ThreadLocal<SimpleDateFormat>() {
		   @Override
		   protected SimpleDateFormat initialValue() {
		       return new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
		   }
		};

3.java8的新时间处理类(重要)

  LocalDate

   只会获取年月日

• 创建LocalDate
  //获取当前年月日
  LocalDate localDate = LocalDate.now();
  //构造指定的年月日
  LocalDate localDate1 = LocalDate.of(2019, 9, 10);
• 获取年、月、日、星期几
  int year = localDate.getYear();
  int year1 = localDate.get(ChronoField.YEAR);
  Month month = localDate.getMonth();
  int month1 = localDate.get(ChronoField.MONTH_OF_YEAR);
  int day = localDate.getDayOfMonth();
  int day1 = localDate.get(ChronoField.DAY_OF_MONTH);
  DayOfWeek dayOfWeek = localDate.getDayOfWeek();
  int dayOfWeek1 = localDate.get(ChronoField.DAY_OF_WEEK)

LocalTime

只会获取几点几分几秒

• 创建LocalTime
  LocalTime localTime = LocalTime.of(13, 51, 10);
  LocalTime localTime1 = LocalTime.now();
• 获取时分秒
  //获取小时
  int hour = localTime.getHour();
  int hour1 = localTime.get(ChronoField.HOUR_OF_DAY);
  //获取分
  int minute = localTime.getMinute();
  int minute1 = localTime.get(ChronoField.MINUTE_OF_HOUR);
  //获取秒
  int second = localTime.getSecond();
  int second1 = localTime.get(ChronoField.SECOND_OF_MINUTE);

LocalDateTime

获取年月日时分秒，等于LocalDate+LocalTime

• 创建LocalDateTime
  LocalDateTime localDateTime = LocalDateTime.now();
  LocalDateTime localDateTime1 = LocalDateTime.of(2019, Month.SEPTEMBER, 10, 14, 46, 56);
  LocalDateTime localDateTime2 = LocalDateTime.of(localDate, localTime);
  LocalDateTime localDateTime3 = localDate.atTime(localTime);
  LocalDateTime localDateTime4 = localTime.atDate(localDate);
• 获取LocalDate
  LocalDate localDate2 = localDateTime.toLocalDate();
• 获取LocalTime
  LocalTime localTime2 = localDateTime.toLocalTime();

Instant

获取秒数

• 创建Instant对象
  Instant instant = Instant.now();
• 获取秒数
  long currentSecond = instant.getEpochSecond();
• 获取毫秒数
  long currentMilli = instant.toEpochMilli();

格式化时间

LocalDate localDate = LocalDate.of(2019, 9, 10);
String s1 = localDate.format(DateTimeFormatter.BASIC_ISO_DATE);
String s2 = localDate.format(DateTimeFormatter.ISO_LOCAL_DATE);
//自定义格式化
DateTimeFormatter dateTimeFormatter =   DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("dd/MM/yyyy");
String s3 = localDate.format(dateTimeFormatter);

DateTimeFormatter默认提供了多种格式化方式，如果默认提供的不能满足要求，可以通过DateTimeFormatter的ofPattern方法创建自定义格式化方式

解析时间

LocalDate localDate1 = LocalDate.parse("20190910", DateTimeFormatter.BASIC_ISO_DATE);
LocalDate localDate2 = LocalDate.parse("2019-09-10", DateTimeFormatter.ISO_LOCAL_DATE);