如何使用canvas绘制满屏一闪一闪的星空
本文将介绍如何使用HTML、CSS和Javascript中的canvas元素,制作一个炫酷的满屏一闪一闪的星空效果。
准备工作
先创建一个html文件,然后在body中添加一个canvas元素,如下所示:
<canvas id="canvas"></canvas>
接下来,在body的末尾添加一个script标签,并在其中写入以下代码:
let canvas = document.getElementById('canvas');
let ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
let w = canvas.width = window.innerWidth;
let h = canvas.height = window.innerHeight;
let hue = 217;
let stars = [];
let count = 0;
let maxStars = 1300;
let canvas2 = document.createElement('canvas');
let ctx2 = canvas2.getContext('2d');
canvas2.width = 100;
canvas2.height = 100;
let half = canvas2.width / 2;
// 离屏canvas绘制一个圆形渐变
let gradient2 = ctx2.createRadialGradient(half, half, 0, half, half, half);
gradient2.addColorStop(0.025, '#fff');
gradient2.addColorStop(0.1, 'rgb(255, 0, 79)');
gradient2.addColorStop(0.15, 'rgb(199, 0, 57)');
gradient2.addColorStop(1, 'transparent');
ctx2.fillStyle = gradient2;
ctx2.beginPath();
ctx2.arc(half, half, half, 0, Math.PI * 2);
ctx2.fill();
// End cache
// 随机函数
function random(min, max) {
if (arguments.length < 2) {
max = min;
min = 0;
}
if (min > max) {
let hold = max;
max = min;
min = hold;
}
return Math.floor(Math.random() * (max - min + 1)) + min;
}
// 确定星星轨道的最大半径
function maxOrbit(x, y) {
let max = Math.max(x, y);
let diameter = Math.round(Math.sqrt(max * max + max * max));
return diameter / 2;
}
// 星星构造函数
let Star = function() {
this.orbitRadius = random(maxOrbit(w, h));
this.radius = random(60, this.orbitRadius) / 12;
this.orbitX = w / 2;
this.orbitY = h / 2;
this.timePassed = random(0, maxStars);
this.speed = random(this.orbitRadius) / 900000;
this.alpha = random(2, 10) / 10;
count++;
stars[count] = this;
}
// 星星绘制函数
Star.prototype.draw = function() {
let x = Math.sin(this.timePassed) * this.orbitRadius + this.orbitX;
let y = Math.cos(this.timePassed) * this.orbitRadius + this.orbitY;
let twinkle = random(10);
if (twinkle === 1 && this.alpha > 0) {
this.alpha -= 0.05;
} else if (twinkle === 2 && this.alpha < 1) {
this.alpha += 0.05;
}
ctx.globalAlpha = this.alpha;
ctx.drawImage(canvas2, x - this.radius / 2, y - this.radius / 2, this.radius, this.radius);
this.timePassed += this.speed;
}
// 创建一定数量的星星
for (let i = 0; i < maxStars; i++) {
new Star();
}
// 动画函数
function animation() {
ctx.globalCompositeOperation = 'source-over';
ctx.globalAlpha = 0.8;
ctx.fillStyle = 'hsla(' + hue + ', 64%, 6%, 1)';
ctx.fillRect(0, 0, w, h);
ctx.globalCompositeOperation = 'lighter';
for (let i = 1, l = stars.length; i < l; i++) {
stars[i].draw();
};
window.requestAnimationFrame(animation);
}
animation();
效果展示
保存并刷新页面,即可看到一个炫酷的满屏一闪一闪的星空效果。
结语
本文介绍了如何使用canvas元素制作一个炫酷的星空效果。读者可以根据自己的需要进行修改和优化,创建出更加炫酷的效果。