【Socket编程】Python实现简易Web服务器

               

利用Python，我们可以搭建一个简单的Web服务器，这里我参考了：

https://ruslanspivak.com/lsbaws-part1/

https://ruslanspivak.com/lsbaws-part2/

https://ruslanspivak.com/lsbaws-part3/

PART 1

一个简单Python(2.7)代码如下：

import socketHOST, PORT = "", 8888listen_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)listen_socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)     #保证服务器的监听socket,即listen_socket在         #关闭后对应的端口能够立即释放，否则将会在数分钟后才能释放listen_socket.bind((HOST, PORT))listen_socket.listen(1)print "Serving HTTP on port %s ..." % PORTwhile True:    client_connection, client_address = listen_socket.accept()    request = client_connection.recv(1024)    print request    http_response = """\HTTP/1.1 200 OKHello, World!"""    client_connection.sendall(http_response)    client_connection.close()

用浏览器登录 localhost:8888 可以打开一个打印着 "hello world" 的页面。而服务器则打印了如下信息：

GET / HTTP/1.1Host: localhost:8888Connection: keep-aliveUpgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/60.0.3112.113 Safari/537.36Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, brAccept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1Host: localhost:8888Connection: keep-aliveUser-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/60.0.3112.113 Safari/537.36Accept: image/webp,image/apng,image/*,*/*;q=0.8Referer: http://localhost:8888/Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, brAccept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.8

可以发现使用浏览器访问web服务器时，浏览器发送的消息如上。

使用telnet分析：

$ telnet localhost 8888Trying ::1...Trying 127.0.0.1...Connected to localhost.Escape character is '^]'.mickHTTP/1.1 200 OKHello, World!Connection closed by foreign host.

在连接成功后随便输入，例如 mick ，终端的反馈如上。

如果输入：

$ telnet localhost 8888Trying ::1...Trying 127.0.0.1...Connected to localhost.Escape character is '^]'.GET / HTTP/1.1HTTP/1.1 200 OKHello, World!Connection closed by foreign host.

则相当于模拟了一次浏览器请求。

我们的简易web服务器还缺少http消息的解析和处理功能。导致客户端不论发什么，都收到：

HTTP/1.1 200 OKHello, World!

的http响应。

PART 2

应用WSGI，方便我们更加自由选择web服务器与web框架。下面是一个简易的WSGI应用：

# Tested with Python 2.7.9, Linux & Mac OS Ximport socketimport StringIOimport sysclass WSGIServer(object):    address_family = socket.AF_INET    socket_type = socket.SOCK_STREAM    request_queue_size = 1    def __init__(self, server_address):        # Create a listening socket        self.listen_socket = listen_socket = socket.socket(            self.address_family,            self.socket_type        )        # Allow to reuse the same address        listen_socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)        # Bind        listen_socket.bind(server_address)        # Activate        listen_socket.listen(self.request_queue_size)        # Get server host name and port        host, port = self.listen_socket.getsockname()[:2]        self.server_name = socket.getfqdn(host)        self.server_port = port        # Return headers set by Web framework/Web application        self.headers_set = []    def set_app(self, application):        self.application = application    def serve_forever(self):        listen_socket = self.listen_socket        while True:            # New client connection            self.client_connection, client_address = listen_socket.accept()            # Handle one request and close the client connection. Then            # loop over to wait for another client connection            self.handle_one_request()    def handle_one_request(self):        self.request_data = request_data = self.client_connection.recv(1024)        # Print formatted request data a la 'curl -v'        print(