IPv6实验

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已于 2023-11-24 11:25:46 修改

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分类专栏： H3CNE-RS+_实验记录文章标签： ip 网络协议

于 2023-11-24 10:24:55 首次发布

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IPv6

实验拓扑（旧版）

由于早期版本模拟器PC不支持ipv6的原因，所以使用路由充当PC
旧版本拓扑

注：如无特别说明，描述中的R1或SW1对应拓扑中设备名称末尾数字为1的设备，R2或SW2对应拓扑中设备名称末尾数字为2的设备，以此类推

实验需求：

1、在R1和R2上开启IPv6链路本地地址自动生成，测试是否能够使用链路本地地址互通
2、为R1配置全球单播地址2001::1/64，使R2能够自动生成与R1同一网段的IPv6地址
3、测试R1和R2是否能够使用全球单播地址互通

实验步骤：

1、在R1和PC3上开启IPv6链路本地地址自动生成，测试是否能够使用链路本地地址互通
分析：路由器需要手动开启链路本地地址自动生成，该功能PC默认会开启。但由于这里使用路由器来模拟PC，所以R2上也需要开启
步骤1：在R1的g0/0接口上开启IPv6链路本地地址自动生成

[R1]interface g0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0]ipv6 address auto

步骤2：在R1上查看g0/0接口的IPv6信息，发现已经生成了前缀为FE80的IPv6地址，该地址属于链路本地地址

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0]dis ipv6 int g0/0
GigabitEthernet0/0 current state: UP
Line protocol current state: UP
IPv6 is enabled, link-local address is FE80::8A1C:41FF:FE90:105
  No global unicast address configured
  Joined group address(es):
    FF02::1
    FF02::2
    FF02::1:FF90:105
  MTU is 1500 bytes
......省略

步骤3：PC3上开启IPv6链路本地地址自动生成和查看地址命令和R1一致，此处省略
R2的IPv6地址：

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0]dis ipv6 int g0/0
GigabitEthernet0/0 current state: UP
Line protocol current state: UP
IPv6 is enabled, link-local address is FE80::8A1C:4BFF:FEA9:205
  No global unicast address configured
  Joined group address(es):
    FF02::1
    FF02::2
    FF02::1:FFA9:205
  MTU is 1500 bytes

步骤4：在R2上Ping R1的IPv6链路本地地址，发现可以Ping通
注意：由于是在路由器上Ping ipv6链路本地地址，所以需要指定出接口，ping命令中添加-i参数

[R2]ping ipv6 -i g0/0  FE80::8A1C:41FF:FE90:105
Ping6(56 data bytes) FE80::8A1C:4BFF:FEA9:205 --> FE80::8A1C:41FF:FE90:105, press CTRL+C to break
56 bytes from FE80::8A1C:41FF:FE90:105, icmp_seq=0 hlim=64 time=0.795 ms
56 bytes from FE80::8A1C:41FF:FE90:105, icmp_seq=1 hlim=64 time=0.648 ms
56 bytes from FE80::8A1C:41FF:FE90:105, icmp_seq=2 hlim=64 time=0.627 ms
56 bytes from FE80::8A1C:41FF:FE90:105, icmp_seq=3 hlim=64 time=0.497 ms
56 bytes from FE80::8A1C:41FF:FE90:105, icmp_seq=4 hlim=64 time=0.590 ms
......

2、为R1配置全球单播地址2001::1/64，使PC3能够自动生成与R1同一网段的IPv6地址
分析：IPv6全球单播地址的自动生成不需要依靠DHCP服务，只需要网段内的路由器具有全球单播地址，并且解除RA消息抑制即可
步骤1：在R1的g0/0接口上配置IPv6全球单播地址2001::/64，并解除RA消息抑制

[R1]interface g0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0]ipv6 address 2001::1 64
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0]undo ipv6 nd ra halt

步骤2：在R2上查看结果

[R2]dis ipv6 int g0/0
GigabitEthernet0/0 current state: UP
Line protocol current state: UP
IPv6 is enabled, link-local address is FE80::8A1C:4BFF:FEA9:205
  Global unicast address(es):
    2001::8A1C:4BFF:FEA9:205, subnet is 2001::/64 [AUTOCFG]
      [valid lifetime 2591975s/preferred lifetime 604775s]
  Joined group address(es):
    FF02::1
    FF02::2
    FF02::1:FFA9:205
  MTU is 1500 bytes
......

分析：R2上已经自动生成了2001::/64网段的IPv6全球单播地址，而且链路本地地址也继续存在，用于网段内部通讯
3、测试R1和PC3是否能够使用全球单播地址互通
步骤1：在R2上Ping R1的IPv6全球单播地址，发现可以Ping通
PS：ping单播地址时无需添加-i参数，只有在ping链路本地地址时需要。

[R2]ping ipv6 2001::1
Ping6(56 data bytes) 2001::8A1C:4BFF:FEA9:205 --> 2001::1, press CTRL+C to break
56 bytes from 2001::1, icmp_seq=0 hlim=64 time=0.898 ms
56 bytes from 2001::1, icmp_seq=1 hlim=64 time=0.590 ms
56 bytes from 2001::1, icmp_seq=2 hlim=64 time=0.642 ms
56 bytes from 2001::1, icmp_seq=3 hlim=64 time=0.609 ms
56 bytes from 2001::1, icmp_seq=4 hlim=64 time=0.469 ms

--- Ping6 statistics for 2001::1 ---
5 packet(s) transmitted, 5 packet(s) received, 0.0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/std-dev = 0.469/0.642/0.898/0.141 ms

实验拓扑（新版）

新版本拓扑

实验需求：

1、在R1上开启IPv6链路本地地址自动生成，在PC上ping R1测试是否能够使用链路本地地址互通
2、为R1配置全球单播地址2001::1/64，使PC能够自动生成与R1同一网段的IPv6地址
3、测试R1和PC是否能够使用全球单播地址互通

实验步骤：

1、检查设备的链路地址互通性
步骤1：在R1的g0/0接口上开启IPv6链路本地地址自动生成

[R1]int g0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0]ipv6 address auto
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0]dis ipv6 int g0/0
GigabitEthernet0/0 current state: UP
Line protocol current state: UP
IPv6 is enabled, link-local address is FE80::8A3D:11FF:FED6:105
  No global unicast address configured
  Joined group address(es):
    FF02::1
    FF02::2
    FF02::1:FFD6:105
  MTU is 1500 bytes
......省略

步骤2：配置PC如下图：
PC配置图
步骤3：在PC系统视图中Ping R1的链路本地地址(可以通过抓包的方式查看到PC设备自动生成的IPv6地址)

[H3C]ping ipv6 -i g0/0/1 FE80::8A3D:11FF:FED6:105
Ping6(56 data bytes) FE80::8A3D:28FF:FE22:206 --> FE80::8A3D:11FF:FED6:105, press CTRL_C to break
56 bytes from FE80::8A3D:11FF:FED6:105, icmp_seq=0 hlim=64 time=1.161 ms
56 bytes from FE80::8A3D:11FF:FED6:105, icmp_seq=1 hlim=64 time=0.654 ms
56 bytes from FE80::8A3D:11FF:FED6:105, icmp_seq=2 hlim=64 time=0.635 ms
56 bytes from FE80::8A3D:11FF:FED6:105, icmp_seq=3 hlim=64 time=0.595 ms
56 bytes from FE80::8A3D:11FF:FED6:105, icmp_seq=4 hlim=64 time=0.610 ms

--- Ping6 statistics for FE80::8A3D:11FF:FED6:105 ---
5 packet(s) transmitted, 5 packet(s) received, 0.0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/std-dev = 0.595/0.731/1.161/0.216 ms
[H3C]%Nov 24 09:49:04:696 2023 H3C PING/6/PING_STATISTICS: Ping6 statistics for FE80::8A3D:11FF:FED6:105: 5 packet(s) transmitted, 5 packet(s) received, 0.0% packet loss, round-trip min/avg/max/std-dev = 0.595/0.731/1.161/0.216 ms.

2、R1配置全球单播地址2001::1/64，使PC3能够自动生成与R1同一网段的IPv6地址
步骤1：配置R1的单播地址

[R1]int g0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0]ipv6 address 2001::1 64

步骤二：关闭ra抑制以及配置DHCPv6地址池参数

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0]undo ipv6 nd ra halt
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0]ipv6 nd autoconfig managed-address-flag
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0]ipv6 nd autoconfig other-flag
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0]qu
[R1]ipv6 dhcp prefix-pool 1 prefix 2001::/64 assign-len 64
[R1]ipv6 dhcp pool 1
[R1-dhcp6-pool-1]network 2001::/64
[R1-dhcp6-pool-1]gateway-list 2001::1
[R1-dhcp6-pool-1]prefix-pool 1 preferred-lifetime 86400 valid-lifetime 259200
[R1-dhcp6-pool-1]dns-server 2::1
[R1-dhcp6-pool-1]quit
[R1]int g0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0]ipv6 dhcp select server
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0]ipv6 dhcp server allow-hint preference 255 rapid-commit
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0]quit

步骤3：开启PC的DHCPv6功能，查看到PC已经自动获取到R1的IPv6地址池中的IP地址
PC的DHCPv6地址
3、检验R1和PC是否能够使用全球单播地址互通
步骤1：在R1上ping PC

[R1]ping ipv6 2001::2
Ping6(56 data bytes) 2001::1 --> 2001::2, press CTRL+C to break
56 bytes from 2001::2, icmp_seq=0 hlim=64 time=0.742 ms
56 bytes from 2001::2, icmp_seq=1 hlim=64 time=0.577 ms
56 bytes from 2001::2, icmp_seq=2 hlim=64 time=0.515 ms
56 bytes from 2001::2, icmp_seq=3 hlim=64 time=0.937 ms
56 bytes from 2001::2, icmp_seq=4 hlim=64 time=0.495 ms

--- Ping6 statistics for 2001::2 ---
5 packet(s) transmitted, 5 packet(s) received, 0.0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/std-dev = 0.495/0.653/0.937/0.166 ms
[R1]%Nov 24 10:18:32:604 2023 R1 PING/6/PING_STATISTICS: Ping6 statistics for 2001::2: 5 packet(s) transmitted, 5 packet(s) received, 0.0% packet loss, round-trip min/avg/max/std-dev = 0.495/0.653/0.937/0.166 ms.

步骤2：在PC上ping R1

<H3C>ping ipv6 2001::1
Ping6(56 data bytes) 2001::2 --> 2001::1, press CTRL_C to break
56 bytes from 2001::1, icmp_seq=0 hlim=64 time=0.406 ms
56 bytes from 2001::1, icmp_seq=1 hlim=64 time=0.877 ms
56 bytes from 2001::1, icmp_seq=2 hlim=64 time=0.459 ms
56 bytes from 2001::1, icmp_seq=3 hlim=64 time=0.367 ms
56 bytes from 2001::1, icmp_seq=4 hlim=64 time=0.621 ms

--- Ping6 statistics for 2001::1 ---
5 packet(s) transmitted, 5 packet(s) received, 0.0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/std-dev = 0.367/0.546/0.877/0.187 ms
<H3C>%Nov 24 10:19:28:352 2023 H3C PING/6/PING_STATISTICS: Ping6 statistics for 2001::1: 5 packet(s) transmitted, 5 packet(s) received, 0.0% packet loss, round-trip min/avg/max/std-dev = 0.367/0.546/0.877/0.187 ms.