JVM之常量池

JVM内存模型—常量池（Method Area）

方法区（Method Area）

• 与堆一样，都是线程共享的，需考虑线程安全问题
• 主要存放与类结构相关的信息，成员变量，方法数据以及成员方法/构造器方法的代码等等
• 在虚拟机启动时被创建
• 逻辑上是堆的组成部分（根据不同的JVM厂商的实现）
• Hospot 1.8以前-永久代：使用堆内存的一部分作为方法区
• hospot 1.8及以后-元空间：使用操作系统内存作为方法区

• 常量池存在于方法区中

class文件常量池

反编译ConstPool类的字节码文件：
使用：
javap -v D:\idea\workspace\OOOO\out\production\OOOO\jianceMemory.class

public class ConstPool {
    public ConstPool() {
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println("哈哈");
    }
}

//反编译输出结果
D:\idea\workspace\OOOO>javap -v D:\idea\workspace\OOOO\out\production\OOOO\ConstPool.class
//类的基本信息
Classfile /D:/idea/workspace/OOOO/out/production/OOOO/ConstPool.class
  Last modified 2020-3-11; size 525 bytes
  MD5 checksum 346a4b0db3b963d447538633d1c6f1e1
  Compiled from "ConstPool.java"
public class ConstPool
  minor version: 0
  major version: 52
  flags: ACC_PUBLIC, ACC_SUPER
//class常量池信息
Constant pool:
   #1 = Methodref          #6.#20         // java/lang/Object."<init>":()V
   #2 = Fieldref           #21.#22        // java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
   #3 = String             #23            // 哈哈
   #4 = Methodref          #24.#25        // java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V
   #5 = Class              #26            // ConstPool
   #6 = Class              #27            // java/lang/Object
   #7 = Utf8               <init>
   #8 = Utf8               ()V
   #9 = Utf8               Code
  #10 = Utf8               LineNumberTable
  #11 = Utf8               LocalVariableTable
  #12 = Utf8               this
  #13 = Utf8               LConstPool;
  #14 = Utf8               main
  #15 = Utf8               ([Ljava/lang/String;)V
  #16 = Utf8               args
  #17 = Utf8               [Ljava/lang/String;
  #18 = Utf8               SourceFile
  #19 = Utf8               ConstPool.java
  #20 = NameAndType        #7:#8          // "<init>":()V
  #21 = Class              #28            // java/lang/System
  #22 = NameAndType        #29:#30        // out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
  #23 = Utf8               哈哈
  #24 = Class              #31            // java/io/PrintStream
  #25 = NameAndType        #32:#33        // println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V
  #26 = Utf8               ConstPool
  #27 = Utf8               java/lang/Object
  #28 = Utf8               java/lang/System
  #29 = Utf8               out
  #30 = Utf8               Ljava/io/PrintStream;
  #31 = Utf8               java/io/PrintStream
  #32 = Utf8               println
  #33 = Utf8               (Ljava/lang/String;)V
{
//类方法定义
  public ConstPool();
    descriptor: ()V
    flags: ACC_PUBLIC
    Code:
      stack=1, locals=1, args_size=1
         0: aload_0
         1: invokespecial #1                  // Method java/lang/Object."<init>":()V
         4: return
      LineNumberTable:
        line 7: 0
      LocalVariableTable:
        Start  Length  Slot  Name   Signature
            0       5     0  this   LConstPool;

  public static void main(java.lang.String[]);
    descriptor: ([Ljava/lang/String;)V
    flags: ACC_PUBLIC, ACC_STATIC
    Code:
      stack=2, locals=1, args_size=1
      //虚拟机指令
         0: getstatic     #2                  // Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
         3: ldc           #3                  // String 哈哈
         5: invokevirtual #4                  // Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String
;)V
         8: return
      LineNumberTable:
        line 9: 0
        line 10: 8
      LocalVariableTable:
        Start  Length  Slot  Name   Signature
            0       9     0  args   [Ljava/lang/String;
}
SourceFile: "ConstPool.java"

一个类的字节码包括类的基本信息，常量池，虚拟机指令
常量池就是一张表，虚拟机指令根据这张表查询对应要执行的类名，方法名，参数类型，字面量等信息。
这里单独把虚拟机指令和常量池拿出来处理：

//虚拟机指令
         0: getstatic     #2                  // Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
         3: ldc           #3                  // String 哈哈
         5: invokevirtual #4

//常量池
Constant pool:
   #1 = Methodref          #6.#20         // java/lang/Object."<init>":()V
   #2 = Fieldref           #21.#22        // java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
   #3 = String             #23            // 哈哈
   #4 = Methodref          #24.#25        // java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V
   #5 = Class              #26            // ConstPool
   #6 = Class              #27            // java/lang/Object
   #7 = Utf8               <init>
   #8 = Utf8               ()V
   #9 = Utf8               Code
  #10 = Utf8               LineNumberTable
  #11 = Utf8               LocalVariableTable
  #12 = Utf8               this
  #13 = Utf8               LConstPool;
  #14 = Utf8               main
  #15 = Utf8               ([Ljava/lang/String;)V
  #16 = Utf8               args
  #17 = Utf8               [Ljava/lang/String;
  #18 = Utf8               SourceFile
  #19 = Utf8               ConstPool.java
  #20 = NameAndType        #7:#8          // "<init>":()V
  #21 = Class              #28            // java/lang/System
  #22 = NameAndType        #29:#30        // out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
  #23 = Utf8               哈哈
  #24 = Class              #31            // java/io/PrintStream
  #25 = NameAndType        #32:#33        // println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V
  #26 = Utf8               ConstPool
  #27 = Utf8               java/lang/Object
  #28 = Utf8               java/lang/System
  #29 = Utf8               out
  #30 = Utf8               Ljava/io/PrintStream;
  #31 = Utf8               java/io/PrintStream
  #32 = Utf8               println
  #33 = Utf8               (Ljava/lang/String;)V
         

解释器在解释中会查表翻译虚拟机指令
比如：
   getstatic     #2 找到Constant pool中对应的 #2 = Fieldref           #21.#22 
              ：引用了成员变量，继续往后找#21，#22
   #21 = Class              #28
              ：表示引用一个类的成员变量，继续找#28
   #28 = Utf8               java/lang/System
              ：表示引用的成员变量所在的类名称为java/lang/System，#21这里结束，继续找#22
   #22 = NameAndType        #29:#30
              ：引用了#29：#30，找到#29
   #29 = Utf8               out
              ：表示要引用的变量名为Out,继续找#30
   #30 = Utf8               Ljava/io/PrintStream;
              ：表示Out类型为java/io/PrintStream;

运行时常量池

class常量池时.class文件中的，当该类被加载时，会将该类的常量池信息放入内存中，内存中的这个位置叫做运行时常量池，并将符号地址改为真实内存中地址（上方的#2，3，4）