BP神经网络day3_bp使用的主要控件-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_44950283/article/details/125188632

学习来源：https://blog.csdn.net/minfanphd/article/details/116974889

一、GUI (1. 对话框相关控件)

1、GUI（图形用户接口）是指采用图形方式显示的计算机操作用户界面。GUI便捷、准确，实用性很强，主要功能是实现人与计算机等电子设备的人机交互。

2、图形用户界面是一种人与计算机通信的界面显示格式，允许用户使用鼠标等输入设备操纵屏幕上的图标或菜单选项，以选择命令、调用文件、启动程序或执行其它一些日常任务。与通过键盘输入文本或字符命令来完成例行任务的字符界面相比，图形用户界面有许多优点。图形用户界面由窗口、下拉菜单、对话框及其相应的控制机制构成，在各种新式应用程序中都是标准化的，即相同的操作总是以同样的方式来完成，在图形用户界面，用户看到和操作的都是图形对象，应用的是计算机图形学的技术。

3、主要组成。桌面、视图、标签、菜单、图标和按钮等。

4、ApplicationShowdown.java 仅用于退出图形用户界面 GUI。

5、代码

package bp神经网络;
/**
 * @time 2022/6/8
 * @author Liang Huang
 */

import java.awt.event.*;

public class ApplicationShutdown implements WindowListener, ActionListener {
   /**
    * Only one instance.
    */
	public static ApplicationShutdown applicationShutdown = new ApplicationShutdown();

	/**
	 *************************** 
	 * This constructor is private such that the only instance is generated here.
	 *************************** 
	 */
	private ApplicationShutdown() {
	}// Of ApplicationShutdown.

	/**
	 *************************** 
	 * Shutdown the system
	 *************************** 
	 */
	public void windowClosing(WindowEvent comeInWindowEvent) {
		System.exit(0);
	}// Of windowClosing.

	public void windowActivated(WindowEvent comeInWindowEvent) {
	}// Of windowActivated.

	public void windowClosed(WindowEvent comeInWindowEvent) {
	}// Of windowClosed.

	public void windowDeactivated(WindowEvent comeInWindowEvent) {
	}// Of windowDeactivated.

	public void windowDeiconified(WindowEvent comeInWindowEvent) {
	}// Of windowDeiconified.

	public void windowIconified(WindowEvent comeInWindowEvent) {
	}// Of windowIconified.

	public void windowOpened(WindowEvent comeInWindowEvent) {
	}// Of windowOpened.

	public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ee) {
		System.exit(0);
	}// Of actionPerformed.
}// Of class ApplicationShutdown

6、DialogCloser.java 用于关闭窗口, 而不是整个的 GUI。

package bp神经网络;
/**
 * @time 2022/6/8
 * @author Liang Huang
 */

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;

public class DialogCloser extends WindowAdapter implements ActionListener {

	/**
	 * The dialog under control.
	 */
	private Dialog currentDialog;

	/**
	 *************************** 
	 * The first constructor.
	 *************************** 
	 */
	public DialogCloser() {
		super();
	}// Of the first constructor

	/**
	 *************************** 
	 * The second constructor.
	 * 
	 * @param paraDialog  the dialog under control
	 *************************** 
	 */
	public DialogCloser(Dialog paraDialog) {
		currentDialog = paraDialog;
	}// Of the second constructor

	/**
	 *************************** 
	 * Close the dialog which clicking the cross at the up-right corner of the window.
	 * 
	 * @param comeInWindowEvent
	 *            From it we can obtain which window sent the message because X
	 *            was used.
	 *************************** 
	 */
	public void windowClosing(WindowEvent paraWindowEvent) {
		paraWindowEvent.getWindow().dispose();
	}// Of windowClosing.

	/**
	 *************************** 
	 * Close the dialog while pushing an "OK" or "Cancel" button.
	 * 
	 * @param paraEvent
	 *            Not considered. 
	 *************************** 
	 */
	public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent paraEvent) {
		currentDialog.dispose();
	}// Of actionPerformed.
}// Of class DialogCloser

7、ErrorDialog.java 用于显示出错信息。

package bp神经网络;
/**
 * @time 2022/6/8
 * @author Liang Huang
 */

import java.awt.*;

public class ErrorDialog extends Dialog {

	/**
	 * Serial uid. Not quite useful.
	 */
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 124535235L;

	/**
	 * The ONLY ErrorDialog.
	 */
	public static ErrorDialog errorDialog = new ErrorDialog();

	/**
	 * The label containing the message to display.
	 */
	private TextArea messageTextArea;

	/**
	 *************************** 
	 * Display an error dialog and respective error message. Like other dialogs,
	 * this constructor is private, such that users can use only one dialog,
	 * i.e., ErrorDialog.errorDialog to display message. This is helpful for
	 * saving space (only one dialog) since we may need "many" dialogs.
	 *************************** 
	 */
	private ErrorDialog() {
		// This dialog is module.
		super(GUICommon.mainFrame, "Error", true);

		// Prepare for the dialog.
		messageTextArea = new TextArea();

		Button okButton = new Button("OK");
		okButton.setSize(20, 10);
		okButton.addActionListener(new DialogCloser(this));
		Panel okPanel = new Panel();
		okPanel.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
		okPanel.add(okButton);

		// Add TextArea and Button
		setLayout(new BorderLayout());
		add(BorderLayout.CENTER, messageTextArea);
		add(BorderLayout.SOUTH, okPanel);

		setLocation(200, 200);
		setSize(500, 200);
		addWindowListener(new DialogCloser());
		setVisible(false);
	}// Of constructor

	/**
	 *************************** 
	 * set message.
	 * 
	 * @param paramMessage the new message
	 *************************** 
	 */
	public void setMessageAndShow(String paramMessage) {
		messageTextArea.setText(paramMessage);
		setVisible(true);
	}// Of setTitleAndMessage
}// Of class ErrorDialog

8、GUICommon.java 存储一些公用变量。

package bp神经网络;
/**
 * @time 2022/6/8
 * @author Liang Huang
 */

import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;

public class GUICommon extends Object {
	/**
	 * Only one main frame.
	 */
	public static Frame mainFrame = null;

	/**
	 * Only one main pane.
	 */
	public static JTabbedPane mainPane = null;

	/**
	 * For default project number.
	 */
	public static int currentProjectNumber = 0;

	/**
	 * Default font.
	 */
	public static final Font MY_FONT = new Font("Times New Romans", Font.PLAIN, 12);

	/**
	 * Default color
	 */
	public static final Color MY_COLOR = Color.lightGray;

	/**
	 *************************** 
	 * Set the main frame. This can be done only once at the initialzing stage.
	 * 
	 * @param paraFrame the main frame of the GUI.
	 * @throws Exception If the main frame is set more than once.
	 *************************** 
	 */
	public static void setFrame(Frame paraFrame) throws Exception {
		if (mainFrame == null) {
			mainFrame = paraFrame;
		} else {
			throw new Exception("The main frame can be set only ONCE!");
		} // Of if
	}// Of setFrame

	/**
	 *************************** 
	 * Set the main pane. This can be done only once at the initialzing stage.
	 * 
	 * @param paramPane the main pane of the GUI.
	 * @throws Exception If the main panel is set more than once.
	 *************************** 
	 */
	public static void setPane(JTabbedPane paramPane) throws Exception {
		if (mainPane == null) {
			mainPane = paramPane;
		} else {
			throw new Exception("The main panel can be set only ONCE!");
		} // Of if
	}// Of setPAne

}// Of class GUICommon

9、HelpDialog.java 显示帮助信息, 这样, 在主界面点击 Help 按钮时, 就会显示相关参数的说明。

package bp神经网络;
/**
 * @time 2022/6/8
 * @author Liang Huang
 */

import java.io.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;

public class HelpDialog extends Dialog implements ActionListener {
	/**
	 * Serial uid. Not quite useful.
	 */
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 3869415040299264995L;

	/**
	 *************************** 
	 * Display the help dialog.
	 * 
	 * @param paraTitle the title of the dialog.
	 * @param paraFilename the help file.
	 *************************** 
	 */
	public HelpDialog(String paraTitle, String paraFilename) {
		super(GUICommon.mainFrame, paraTitle, true);
		setBackground(GUICommon.MY_COLOR);

		TextArea displayArea = new TextArea("", 10, 10, TextArea.SCROLLBARS_VERTICAL_ONLY);
		displayArea.setEditable(false);
		String textToDisplay = "";
		try {
			RandomAccessFile helpFile = new RandomAccessFile(paraFilename, "r");
			String tempLine = helpFile.readLine();
			while (tempLine != null) {
				textToDisplay = textToDisplay + tempLine + "\n";
				tempLine = helpFile.readLine();
			}
			helpFile.close();
		} catch (IOException ee) {
			dispose();
			ErrorDialog.errorDialog.setMessageAndShow(ee.toString());
		}
		// Use this if you need to display Chinese. Consult the author for this
		// method.
		// textToDisplay = SimpleTools.GB2312ToUNICODE(textToDisplay);
		displayArea.setText(textToDisplay);
		displayArea.setFont(new Font("Times New Romans", Font.PLAIN, 14));

		Button okButton = new Button("OK");
		okButton.setSize(20, 10);
		okButton.addActionListener(new DialogCloser(this));
		Panel okPanel = new Panel();
		okPanel.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
		okPanel.add(okButton);

		// OK Button
		setLayout(new BorderLayout());
		add(BorderLayout.CENTER, displayArea);
		add(BorderLayout.SOUTH, okPanel);

		setLocation(120, 70);
		setSize(500, 400);
		addWindowListener(new DialogCloser());
		setVisible(false);
	}// Of constructor

	/**
	 ************************* 
	 * Simply set it visible.
	 ************************* 
	 */
	public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ee) {
		setVisible(true);
	}// Of actionPerformed.
}// Of class HelpDialog

##二、 GUI (2. 数据读取控件)
1、DoubleField.java 用于接受实型值。

package bp神经网络;
/**
 * @time 2022/6/10
 * @author Liang Huang
 */
 
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;

public class DoubleField extends TextField implements FocusListener {

	/**
	 * Serial uid. Not quite useful.
	 */
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 363634723L;

	/**
	 * The value
	 */
	protected double doubleValue;

	/**
	 *************************** 
	 * Give it default values.
	 *************************** 
	 */
	public DoubleField() {
		this("5.13", 10);
	}// Of the first constructor

	/**
	 *************************** 
	 * Only specify the content.
	 * 
	 * @param paraString The content of the field.
	 *************************** 
	 */
	public DoubleField(String paraString) {
		this(paraString, 10);
	}// Of the second constructor

	/**
	 *************************** 
	 * Only specify the width.
	 * 
	 * @param paraWidth The width of the field.
	 *************************** 
	 */
	public DoubleField(int paraWidth) {
		this("5.13", paraWidth);
	}// Of the third constructor

	/**
	 *************************** 
	 * Specify the content and the width.
	 * 
	 * @param paraString  The content of the field.
	 * @param paraWidth The width of the field.
	 *************************** 
	 */
	public DoubleField(String paraString, int paraWidth) {
		super(paraString, paraWidth);
		addFocusListener(this);
	}// Of the fourth constructor

	/**
	 ********************************** 
	 * Implement FocusListener.
	 * 
	 * @param paraEvent The event is unimportant.
	 ********************************** 
	 */
	public void focusGained(FocusEvent paraEvent) {
	}// Of focusGained

	/**
	 ********************************** 
	 * Implement FocusListener.
	 * 
	 * @param paraEvent The event is unimportant.
	 ********************************** 
	 */
	public void focusLost(FocusEvent paraEvent) {
		try {
			doubleValue = Double.parseDouble(getText());
		} catch (Exception ee) {
			ErrorDialog.errorDialog
					.setMessageAndShow("\"" + getText() + "\" Not a double. Please check.");
			requestFocus();
		} // Of try
	}// Of focusLost

	/**
	 ********************************** 
	 * Get the double value.
	 * 
	 * @return the double value.
	 ********************************** 
	 */
	public double getValue() {
		try {
			doubleValue = Double.parseDouble(getText());
		} catch (Exception ee) {
			ErrorDialog.errorDialog
					.setMessageAndShow("\"" + getText() + "\" Not a double. Please check.");
			requestFocus();
		} // Of try
		return doubleValue;
	}// Of getValue
}// Of class DoubleField

2、IntegerField.java

package bp神经网络;
/**
 * @time 2022/6/10
 * @author Liang Huang
 */

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;

public class IntegerField extends TextField implements FocusListener {

	/**
	 * Serial uid. Not quite useful.
	 */
	private static final long serialVersionUID = -2462338973265150779L;

	/**
	 *************************** 
	 * Only specify the content.
	 *************************** 
	 */
	public IntegerField() {
		this("513");
	}// Of constructor

	/**
	 *************************** 
	 * Specify the content and the width.
	 * 
	 * @param paraString The default value of the content.
	 * @param paraWidth 
	 * The width of the field.
	 *************************** 
	 */
	public IntegerField(String paraString, int paraWidth) {
		super(paraString, paraWidth);
		addFocusListener(this);
	}// Of constructor

	/**
	 *************************** 
	 * Only specify the content.
	 * 
	 * @param paraString The given default string.
	 *************************** 
	 */
	public IntegerField(String paraString) {
		super(paraString);
		addFocusListener(this);
	}// Of constructor

	/**
	 *************************** 
	 * Only specify the width.
	 * 
	 * @param paraWidth The width of the field.
	 *************************** 
	 */
	public IntegerField(int paraWidth) {
		super(paraWidth);
		setText("513");
		addFocusListener(this);
	}// Of constructor

	/**
	 ********************************** 
	 * Implement FocusListenter.
	 * 
	 * @param paraEvent The event is unimportant.
	 ********************************** 
	 */
	public void focusGained(FocusEvent paraEvent) {
	}// Of focusGained

	/**
	 ********************************** 
	 * Implement FocusListenter.
	 * 
	 * @param paraEvent The event is unimportant.
	 ********************************** 
	 */
	public void focusLost(FocusEvent paraEvent) {
		try {
			Integer.parseInt(getText());
			// System.out.println(tempInt);
		} catch (Exception ee) {
			ErrorDialog.errorDialog.setMessageAndShow("\"" + getText()
					+ "\"Not an integer. Please check.");
			requestFocus();
		}
	}// Of focusLost

	/**
	 ********************************** 
	 * Get the int value. Show error message if the content is not an int.
	 * 
	 * @return the int value.
	 ********************************** 
	 */
	public int getValue() {
		int tempInt = 0;
		try {
			tempInt = Integer.parseInt(getText());
		} catch (Exception ee) {
			ErrorDialog.errorDialog.setMessageAndShow("\"" + getText()
					+ "\" Not an int. Please check.");
			requestFocus();
		}
		return tempInt;
	}// Of getValue

}// Of class IntegerField

3、FilenameField.java 则需要借助于系统提供的 FileDialog。

package bp神经网络;
/**
 * @time 2022/6/10
 * @author Liang Huang
 */

import java.io.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;

public class FilenameField extends TextField implements ActionListener,
		FocusListener {
	/**
	 * Serial uid. Not quite useful.
	 */
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 4572287941606065298L;

	/**
	 *************************** 
	 * No special initialization..
	 *************************** 
	 */
	public FilenameField() {
		super();
		setText("");
		addFocusListener(this);
	}// Of constructor

	/**
	 *************************** 
	 * No special initialization.
	 * 
	 * @param paraWidth  The width of the .
	 *************************** 
	 */
	public FilenameField(int paraWidth) {
		super(paraWidth);
		setText("");
		addFocusListener(this);
	}// Of constructor

	/**
	 *************************** 
	 * No special initialization.
	 * 
	 * @param paraWidth  The width of the .
	 * @param paraText The given initial text
	 *************************** 
	 */
	public FilenameField(int paraWidth, String paraText) {
		super(paraWidth);
		setText(paraText);
		addFocusListener(this);
	}// Of constructor

	/**
	 *************************** 
	 * No special initialization.
	 * 
	 * @param paraWidth The width of the .
	 * @param paraText The given initial text
	 *************************** 
	 */
	public FilenameField(String paraText, int paraWidth) {
		super(paraWidth);
		setText(paraText);
		addFocusListener(this);
	}// Of constructor

	/**
	 ********************************** 
	 * Avoid setting null or empty string.
	 * 
	 * @param paraText The given text.
	 ********************************** 
	 */
	public void setText(String paraText) {
		if (paraText.trim().equals("")) {
			super.setText("unspecified");
		} else {
			super.setText(paraText.replace('\\', '/'));
		}//Of if
	}// Of setText

	/**
	 ********************************** 
	 * Implement ActionListenter.
	 * 
	 * @param paraEvent The event is unimportant.
	 ********************************** 
	 */
	public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent paraEvent) {
		FileDialog tempDialog = new FileDialog(GUICommon.mainFrame,
				"Select a file");
		tempDialog.setVisible(true);
		if (tempDialog.getDirectory() == null) {
			setText("");
			return;
		}//Of if
		
		String directoryName = tempDialog.getDirectory();
		
		String tempFilename = directoryName + tempDialog.getFile(); 
		//System.out.println("tempFilename = " + tempFilename);

		setText(tempFilename);
	}// Of actionPerformed

	/**
	 ********************************** 
	 * Implement FocusListenter.
	 * 
	 * @param paraEvent The event is unimportant.
	 ********************************** 
	 */
	public void focusGained(FocusEvent paraEvent) {
	}// Of focusGained

	/**
	 ********************************** 
	 * Implement FocusListenter.
	 * 
	 * @param paraEvent The event is unimportant.
	 ********************************** 
	 */
	public void focusLost(FocusEvent paraEvent) {
		// System.out.println("Focus lost exists.");
		String tempString = getText();
		if ((tempString.equals("unspecified"))
				|| (tempString.equals("")))
			return;
		File tempFile = new File(tempString);
		if (!tempFile.exists()) {
			ErrorDialog.errorDialog.setMessageAndShow("File \"" + tempString
					+ "\" not exists. Please check.");
			requestFocus();
			setText("");
		}
	}// Of focusLost
}// Of class FilenameField

三、GUI (3. 总体布局)

1、用了 GridLayout 和 BorderLayout 来组织控件。
2、按下 OK 执行 actionPerformed。

package bp神经网络;
/**
 * @time 2022/6/13
 * @author Liang Huang
 */

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.util.Date;

import machinelearning.ann.FullAnn;

public class AnnMain implements ActionListener {
	/**
	 * Select the arff file.
	 */
	private FilenameField arffFilenameField;

	/**
	 * The setting of alpha.
	 */
	private DoubleField alphaField;

	/**
	 * The setting of alpha.
	 */
	private DoubleField betaField;

	/**
	 * The setting of alpha.
	 */
	private DoubleField gammaField;

	/**
	 * Layer nodes, such as "4, 8, 8, 3".
	 */
	private TextField layerNodesField;

	/**
	 * Activators, such as "ssa".
	 */
	private TextField activatorField;

	/**
	 * The number of training rounds.
	 */
	private IntegerField roundsField;

	/**
	 * The learning rate.
	 */
	private DoubleField learningRateField;

	/**
	 * The mobp.
	 */
	private DoubleField mobpField;

	/**
	 * The message area.
	 */
	private TextArea messageTextArea;

	/**
	 *************************** 
	 * The only constructor.
	 *************************** 
	 */
	public AnnMain() {
		// A simple frame to contain dialogs.
		Frame mainFrame = new Frame();
		mainFrame.setTitle("ANN. minfanphd@163.com");
		// The top part: select arff file.
		arffFilenameField = new FilenameField(30);
		arffFilenameField.setText("d:/data/iris.arff");
		Button browseButton = new Button(" Browse ");
		browseButton.addActionListener(arffFilenameField);

		Panel sourceFilePanel = new Panel();
		sourceFilePanel.add(new Label("The .arff file:"));
		sourceFilePanel.add(arffFilenameField);
		sourceFilePanel.add(browseButton);

		// Setting panel.
		Panel settingPanel = new Panel();
		settingPanel.setLayout(new GridLayout(3, 6));

		settingPanel.add(new Label("alpha"));
		alphaField = new DoubleField("0.01");
		settingPanel.add(alphaField);

		settingPanel.add(new Label("beta"));
		betaField = new DoubleField("0.02");
		settingPanel.add(betaField);

		settingPanel.add(new Label("gamma"));
		gammaField = new DoubleField("0.03");
		settingPanel.add(gammaField);

		settingPanel.add(new Label("layer nodes"));
		layerNodesField = new TextField("4, 8, 8, 3");
		settingPanel.add(layerNodesField);

		settingPanel.add(new Label("activators"));
		activatorField = new TextField("sss");
		settingPanel.add(activatorField);

		settingPanel.add(new Label("training rounds"));
		roundsField = new IntegerField("5000");
		settingPanel.add(roundsField);

		settingPanel.add(new Label("learning rate"));
		learningRateField = new DoubleField("0.01");
		settingPanel.add(learningRateField);

		settingPanel.add(new Label("mobp"));
		mobpField = new DoubleField("0.5");
		settingPanel.add(mobpField);

		Panel topPanel = new Panel();
		topPanel.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
		topPanel.add(BorderLayout.NORTH, sourceFilePanel);
		topPanel.add(BorderLayout.CENTER, settingPanel);

		messageTextArea = new TextArea(80, 40);

		// The bottom part: ok and exit
		Button okButton = new Button(" OK ");
		okButton.addActionListener(this);
		// DialogCloser dialogCloser = new DialogCloser(this);
		Button exitButton = new Button(" Exit ");
		// cancelButton.addActionListener(dialogCloser);
		exitButton.addActionListener(ApplicationShutdown.applicationShutdown);
		Button helpButton = new Button(" Help ");
		helpButton.setSize(20, 10);
		helpButton.addActionListener(new HelpDialog("ANN", "src/machinelearning/gui/help.txt"));
		Panel okPanel = new Panel();
		okPanel.add(okButton);
		okPanel.add(exitButton);
		okPanel.add(helpButton);

		mainFrame.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
		mainFrame.add(BorderLayout.NORTH, topPanel);
		mainFrame.add(BorderLayout.CENTER, messageTextArea);
		mainFrame.add(BorderLayout.SOUTH, okPanel);

		mainFrame.setSize(600, 500);
		mainFrame.setLocation(100, 100);
		mainFrame.addWindowListener(ApplicationShutdown.applicationShutdown);
		mainFrame.setBackground(GUICommon.MY_COLOR);
		mainFrame.setVisible(true);
	}// Of the constructor

	/**
	 *************************** 
	 * Read the arff file.
	 *************************** 
	 */
	public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae) {
		String tempFilename = arffFilenameField.getText();

		// Read the layers nodes.
		String tempString = layerNodesField.getText().trim();

		int[] tempLayerNodes = null;
		try {
			tempLayerNodes = stringToIntArray(tempString);
		} catch (Exception ee) {
			ErrorDialog.errorDialog.setMessageAndShow(ee.toString());
			return;
		} // Of try

		double tempLearningRate = learningRateField.getValue();
		double tempMobp = mobpField.getValue();
		String tempActivators = activatorField.getText().trim();
		FullAnn tempNetwork = new FullAnn(tempFilename, tempLayerNodes, tempLearningRate, tempMobp,
				tempActivators);
		int tempRounds = roundsField.getValue();

		long tempStartTime = new Date().getTime();
		for (int i = 0; i < tempRounds; i++) {
			tempNetwork.train();
		} // Of for n
		long tempEndTime = new Date().getTime();
		messageTextArea.append("\r\nSummary:\r\n");
		messageTextArea.append("Trainng time: " + (tempEndTime - tempStartTime) + "ms.\r\n");

		double tempAccuray = tempNetwork.test();
		messageTextArea.append("Accuracy: " + tempAccuray + "\r\n");
		messageTextArea.append("End.");
	}// Of actionPerformed

	/**
	 ********************************** 
	 * Convert a string with commas into an int array.
	 * 
	 * @param paraString The source string
	 * @return An int array.
	 * @throws Exception  Exception for illegal data.
	 ********************************** 
	 */
	public static int[] stringToIntArray(String paraString) throws Exception {
		int tempCounter = 1;
		for (int i = 0; i < paraString.length(); i++) {
			if (paraString.charAt(i) == ',') {
				tempCounter++;
			} // Of if
		} // Of for i

		int[] resultArray = new int[tempCounter];

		String tempRemainingString = new String(paraString) + ",";
		String tempString;
		for (int i = 0; i < tempCounter; i++) {
			tempString = tempRemainingString.substring(0, tempRemainingString.indexOf(",")).trim();
			if (tempString.equals("")) {
				throw new Exception("Blank is unsupported");
			} // Of if

			resultArray[i] = Integer.parseInt(tempString);

			tempRemainingString = tempRemainingString
					.substring(tempRemainingString.indexOf(",") + 1);
		} // Of for i

		return resultArray;
	}// Of stringToIntArray

	/**
	 *************************** 
	 * The entrance method.
	 * 
	 * @param args The parameters.
	 *************************** 
	 */
	public static void main(String args[]) {
		new AnnMain();
	}// Of main
}// Of class AnnMain

四、GUI (4. 接口与监听机制)

1、接口本质上支持多继承.
2、从监听机制、接口等角度, 分析在 GUI 上的各种操作分别会触发哪些代码。

package bp神经网络;
/**
 * @time 2022/6/13
 * @author Liang Huang
 */

interface Flying{
	public void fly();
}//Of interface Flying

//Define a controller to cope with it.
class Controller{
	Flying flying;
	
	Controller(){
		flying = null;
	}//Of the constructor
	
	void setListener(Flying paraFlying){
		flying = paraFlying;
	}//Of addListener
	
	void doIt(){
		flying.fly();
	}//Of doIt
}//Of Controller

// Define class Bird for the interface.
class Bird implements Flying{
	double weight = 0.5;
	
	public void fly(){
		System.out.println("Bird fly, my weight is " + weight + " kg.");
	}//Of fly
}//Of class Bird

//Define class Plane for the interface.
class Plane implements Flying{
	double price = 100000000;
	public void fly(){
		System.out.println("Plan fly, my price is " + price + " RMB.");
	}//Of fly
}//Of class Plane

// Test the interface.
public class InterfaceTest {
	public static void main(String[] args){
		Controller tempController = new Controller();
		Flying tempFlying1 = new Bird();
		tempController.setListener(tempFlying1);
		tempController.doIt();
		
		Flying tempFlying2 = new Plane();
		tempController.setListener(tempFlying2);
		tempController.doIt();
	}//Of main
}//Of class InterfaceTest