AJAX学习

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-25 22:27:39 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-05-25 22:27:39 发布

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文章标签： ajax 学习前端

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_44957788/article/details/132131503

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AJAX1

使浏览器和服务器之间通信，动态数据交互

axios函数

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
   <!--
    axios库地址：https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/axios/dist/axios.min.js
    省份数据地址：http://hmajax.itheima.net/api/province

    目标: 使用axios库, 获取省份列表数据, 展示到页面上
    1. 引入axios库
  -->
  <p class="my-p"></p>
  <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/axios/dist/axios.min.js"></script>
  <script>
    //2.使用axios函数
    axios({
        url: 'http://hmajax.itheima.net/api/province'
    }).then(result => {
        console.log(result)
        console.log(result.data.list)
        console.log(result.data.list.join('<br>'))
        document.querySelector('.my-p').innerHTML = result.data.list.join('<br>')
    })
  </script>
</body>
</html>

URL–统一资源定位符(网址)

协议/域名/资源路径

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
    <!-- 
    新闻数据地址: http://hmajax.itheima.net/api/news
  -->
  <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/axios/dist/axios.min.js"></script>
  <script>
    axios({
        url: 'http://hmajax.itheima.net/api/news'
    }).then(result => {
        console.log(result)
    })
  </script>
</body>
</html>

axios中URL查询参数 params

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
     <!-- 
    城市列表: http://hmajax.itheima.net/api/city
    参数名: pname
    值: 省份名字
  -->
  <p></p>
  <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/axios/dist/axios.min.js"></script>
  <script>
    axios({
        url: 'http://hmajax.itheima.net/api/city',
        //查询参数
        params: {
            pname: '陕西省'
        }
    }).then(result => {
        console.log(result.data.list)
        document.querySelector('p').innerHTML = result.data.list.join('<br>')
    })
  </script>
</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <title>案例_地区查询</title>
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.1.3/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css">
  <style>
    :root {
      font-size: 15px;
    }

    body {
      padding-top: 15px;
    }
  </style>
</head>

<body>
  <div class="container">
    <form id="editForm" class="row">
      <!-- 输入省份名字 -->
      <div class="mb-3 col">
        <label class="form-label">省份名字</label>
        <input type="text" value="北京" name="province" class="form-control province" placeholder="请输入省份名称" />
      </div>
      <!-- 输入城市名字 -->
      <div class="mb-3 col">
        <label class="form-label">城市名字</label>
        <input type="text" value="北京市" name="city" class="form-control city" placeholder="请输入城市名称" />
      </div>
    </form>
    <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary sel-btn">查询</button>
    <br><br>
    <p>地区列表: </p>
    <ul class="list-group">
      <!-- 示例地区 -->
      <li class="list-group-item">东城区</li>
    </ul>
  </div>
  <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/axios/dist/axios.min.js"></script>
  <script>
    /*
      获取地区列表: http://hmajax.itheima.net/api/area
      查询参数:
        pname: 省份或直辖市名字
        cname: 城市名字
    */
   // 目标: 根据省份和城市名字, 查询地区列表
   // 1. 查询按钮-点击事件
   document.querySelector('.sel-btn').addEventListener('click', () => {
    console.log(11)
    //2. 获取省份和城市的名字
    let pname = document.querySelector('.province').value
    let cname = document.querySelector('.city').value
    //3.基于axios请求地区列表数据
    axios({
        url: 'http://hmajax.itheima.net/api/area',
        params: {
            pname,
            cname
        }
    }).then(result => {
        // console.log(result)
        //把数据写出小li标签插入到页面上
        let list = result.data.list
        console.log(list)
        let theLi = list.map(areaName => `<li class="list-group-item">${areaName}</li>`).join('')
        console.log(theLi)
        document.querySelector('.list-group').innerHTML = theLi
    })
   })

  </script>
</body>

</html>

axios常用请求方法

method对服务器资源的操作，默认值是get，可以省略

GET 获取数据
POST 提交数据
data 提交数据

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <title>常用请求方法和数据提交</title>
</head>

<body>
  <button class="btn">注册用户</button>
  <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/axios/dist/axios.min.js"></script>
  <script>
    /*
      注册用户：http://hmajax.itheima.net/api/register
      请求方法：POST
      参数名：
        username：用户名（中英文和数字组成，最少8位）
        password：密码  （最少6位）

      目标：点击按钮，通过axios提交用户和密码，完成注册
    */
   document.querySelector('.btn').addEventListener('click', () => {
    axios({
        url: 'http://hmajax.itheima.net/api/register',
        //指定请求的方法
        method: 'post',
        //提交数据
        data: {
            username: 'itheima7189',
            password: '123456'
        }
    }).then(result => {
        console.log(result)
    })
   })
  </script>
</body>

</html>

axios错误处理

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <title>常用请求方法和数据提交</title>
</head>

<body>
  <button class="btn">注册用户</button>
  <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/axios/dist/axios.min.js"></script>
  <script>
    /*
      注册用户：http://hmajax.itheima.net/api/register
      请求方法：POST
      参数名：
        username：用户名（中英文和数字组成，最少8位）
        password：密码  （最少6位）

      目标：点击按钮，通过axios提交用户和密码，完成注册
      需求：使用axios错误处理语法，拿到错误信息，弹框反馈给用户
    */
   document.querySelector('.btn').addEventListener('click', () => {
    axios({
        url: 'http://hmajax.itheima.net/api/register',
        //指定请求的方法
        method: 'post',
        //提交数据
        data: {
            username: 'itheima7189',
            password: '123456'
        }
    }).then(result => {
        console.log(result)
    }).catch(error => {
        //失败
        //处理错误信息
        console.log(error)
        console.log(error.response.data.message)
        alert(error.response.data.message)
    })
   })
  </script>
</body>
</html>

http协议–请求报文

http协议：规定了浏览器发送给服务器返回内容的格式
1、请求行：请求方法、url、协议
2、请求头：键值对如Content-Type
3、空行
4、请求体：发送的资源

http协议–错误排查

通过请求报文排查错误原因，并修复

http协议–响应报文

规定了浏览器发送及服务器返回内容的格式
响应报文：服务器按照http协议要求的格式，返回给浏览器的内容
1、响应行（状态行）：协议、HTTP响应状态码–请求是否成功完成、协议
2、响应头：键值对如Content-Type
3、空行
4、响应体：返回的资源

接口文档

描述接口的文章
接口：URL、请求方法以及参数

案例-登录

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <title>案例_登录_提示消息</title>
  <!-- 引入bootstrap.css -->
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.2.2/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css">
  <!-- 公共 -->
  <style>
    html,
    body {
      background-color: #EDF0F5;
      width: 100%;
      height: 100%;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: center;
      align-items: center;
    }

    .container {
      width: 520px;
      height: 540px;
      background-color: #fff;
      padding: 60px;
      box-sizing: border-box;
    }

    .container h3 {
      font-weight: 900;
    }
  </style>
  <!-- 表单容器和内容 -->
  <style>
    .form_wrap {
      color: #8B929D !important;
    }

    .form-text {
      color: #8B929D !important;
    }
  </style>
  <!-- 提示框样式 -->
  <style>
    .alert {
      transition: .5s;
      opacity: 0;
    }

    .alert.show {
      opacity: 1;
    }
  </style>
</head>

<body>
  <div class="container">
    <h3>欢迎-登录</h3>
    <!-- 登录结果-提示框 -->
    <div class="alert alert-success" role="alert">
      提示消息
    </div>
    <!-- 表单 -->
    <div class="form_wrap">
      <form>
        <div class="mb-3">
          <label for="username" class="form-label">账号名</label>
          <input type="text" class="form-control username">
        </div>
        <div class="mb-3">
          <label for="password" class="form-label">密码</label>
          <input type="password" class="form-control password">
        </div>
        <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-login"> 登 录 </button>
      </form>
    </div>
  </div>
  <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/axios/dist/axios.min.js"></script>
  <script>
    // 目标1：点击登录时，用户名和密码长度判断，并提交数据和服务器通信
    // 目标2：使用提示框，反馈提示消息
    // 2.1 获取提示框
    const myAlert = document.querySelector('.alert')
    /**
     * 2.2 封装提示框函数，重复调用，满足提示需求
     * 功能：
     * 1. 显示提示框
     * 2. 不同提示文字msg，和成功绿色失败红色isSuccess（true成功，false失败）
     * 3. 过2秒后，让提示框自动消失
    */
    function alertFn(msg, isSuccess){
        //1. 显示提示框
        myAlert.classList.add('show')
        //2. 实现细节
        myAlert.innerHTML = msg
        const bgStyle = isSuccess ? 'alert-success': 'alert-danger'
        myAlert.classList.add(bgStyle)
        //3. 过2秒隐藏
        setTimeout(() => {
            myAlert.classList.remove('show')
            //提示： 避免类名冲突，重置背景色
            myAlert.classList.remove(bgStyle)
        }, 2000)

    }
    
    // 1.1 登录-点击事件
    document.querySelector('.btn-login').addEventListener('click', () => {
      // 1.2 获取用户名和密码
      const username = document.querySelector('.username').value
      const password = document.querySelector('.password').value
      // console.log(username, password)

      // 1.3 判断长度
      if (username.length < 8) {
        alertFn('用户名必须大于等于8位', false)
        console.log('用户名必须大于等于8位')
        return // 阻止代码继续执行
      }
      if (password.length < 6) {
        alertFn('密码必须大于等于6位', false)
        console.log('密码必须大于等于6位')
        return // 阻止代码继续执行
      }

      // 1.4 基于axios提交用户名和密码
      // console.log('提交数据到服务器')
      axios({
        url: 'http://hmajax.itheima.net/api/login',
        method: 'POST',
        data: {
          username,
          password
        }
      }).then(result => {
        alertFn(result.data.message, true)
        console.log(result)
        console.log(result.data.message)
      }).catch(error => {
        alertFn(error.response.data.message, false)
        console.log(error)
        console.log(error.response.data.message)
      })
    })
  </script>
</body>

</html>

form-serialize插件

快速收集表单元素的值

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <title>form-serialize插件使用</title>
</head>

<body>
  <form action="javascript:;" class="example-form">
    <input type="text" name="username">
    <br>
    <input type="text" name="password">
    <br>
    <input type="button" class="btn" value="提交">
  </form>
  <!-- 
    目标：在点击提交时，使用form-serialize插件，快速收集表单元素值
    1. 把插件引入到自己网页中
  -->
  <script src="./lib/form-serialize.js"></script>
  <script>
    document.querySelector('.btn').addEventListener('click', () => {
      /**
       * 2. 使用serialize函数，快速收集表单元素的值
       * 参数1：要获取哪个表单的数据
       *  表单元素设置name属性，值会作为对象的属性名
       *  建议name属性的值，最好和接口文档参数名一致
       * 参数2：配置对象
       *  hash 设置获取数据结构
       *    - true：JS对象（推荐）一般请求体里提交给服务器
       *    - false: 查询字符串
       *  empty 设置是否获取空值
       *    - true: 获取空值（推荐）数据结构和标签结构一致
       *    - false：不获取空值
      */
      const form = document.querySelector('.example-form')
      const data = serialize(form, { hash: true, empty: true })
      // const data = serialize(form, { hash: false, empty: true })
      // const data = serialize(form, { hash: true, empty: false })
      console.log(data)
    })
  </script>
</body>

</html>

登录案例-表单插件

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <title>案例_登录_提示消息</title>
  <!-- 引入bootstrap.css -->
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.2.2/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css">
  <!-- 公共 -->
  <style>
    html,
    body {
      background-color: #EDF0F5;
      width: 100%;
      height: 100%;
      display: flex;
      justify-content: center;
      align-items: center;
    }

    .container {
      width: 520px;
      height: 540px;
      background-color: #fff;
      padding: 60px;
      box-sizing: border-box;
    }

    .container h3 {
      font-weight: 900;
    }
  </style>
  <!-- 表单容器和内容 -->
  <style>
    .form_wrap {
      color: #8B929D !important;
    }

    .form-text {
      color: #8B929D !important;
    }
  </style>
  <!-- 提示框样式 -->
  <style>
    .alert {
      transition: .5s;
      opacity: 0;
    }

    .alert.show {
      opacity: 1;
    }
  </style>
</head>

<body>
  <div class="container">
    <h3>欢迎-登录</h3>
    <!-- 登录结果-提示框 -->
    <div class="alert alert-success" role="alert">
      提示消息
    </div>
    <!-- 表单 -->
    <div class="form_wrap">
      <form class="login-form">
        <div class="mb-3">
          <label for="username" class="form-label">账号名</label>
          <input type="text" class="form-control username" name="username">
        </div>
        <div class="mb-3">
          <label for="password" class="form-label">密码</label>
          <input type="password" class="form-control password" name="password">
        </div>
        <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-login"> 登 录 </button>
      </form>
    </div>
  </div>
  <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/axios/dist/axios.min.js"></script>
  <!-- 3.1 引入插件 -->
  <script src="./lib/form-serialize.js"></script>
  <script>
    // 目标1：点击登录时，用户名和密码长度判断，并提交数据和服务器通信
    // 目标2：使用提示框，反馈提示消息
    // 2.1 获取提示框
    const myAlert = document.querySelector('.alert')
    /**
     * 2.2 封装提示框函数，重复调用，满足提示需求
     * 功能：
     * 1. 显示提示框
     * 2. 不同提示文字msg，和成功绿色失败红色isSuccess（true成功，false失败）
     * 3. 过2秒后，让提示框自动消失
    */
    function alertFn(msg, isSuccess){
        //1. 显示提示框
        myAlert.classList.add('show')
        //2. 实现细节
        myAlert.innerHTML = msg
        const bgStyle = isSuccess ? 'alert-success': 'alert-danger'
        myAlert.classList.add(bgStyle)
        //3. 过2秒隐藏
        setTimeout(() => {
            myAlert.classList.remove('show')
            //提示： 避免类名冲突，重置背景色
            myAlert.classList.remove(bgStyle)
        }, 2000)

    }
    
    // 1.1 登录-点击事件
    document.querySelector('.btn-login').addEventListener('click', () => {
      //3.2 使用serialize函数,收集登录表单里用户名和密码
      const form = document.querySelector('.login-form')
      const data = serialize(form, { hash: true, empty: true })
      console.log(data)
      // {username: 'itheima7189', password: '123456'}
      const { username, password } = data
      // 1.2 获取用户名和密码
      // const username = document.querySelector('.username').value
      // const password = document.querySelector('.password').value
      // console.log(username, password)

      // 1.3 判断长度
      if (username.length < 8) {
        alertFn('用户名必须大于等于8位', false)
        console.log('用户名必须大于等于8位')
        return // 阻止代码继续执行
      }
      if (password.length < 6) {
        alertFn('密码必须大于等于6位', false)
        console.log('密码必须大于等于6位')
        return // 阻止代码继续执行
      }

      // 1.4 基于axios提交用户名和密码
      // console.log('提交数据到服务器')
      axios({
        url: 'http://hmajax.itheima.net/api/login',
        method: 'POST',
        data: {
          username,
          password
        }
      }).then(result => {
        alertFn(result.data.message, true)
        console.log(result)
        console.log(result.data.message)
      }).catch(error => {
        alertFn(error.response.data.message, false)
        console.log(error)
        console.log(error.response.data.message)
      })
    })
  </script>
</body>

</html>

AJAX2

Bootstrap

属性控制

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <title>Bootstrap 弹框</title>
  <!-- 引入bootstrap.css -->
  <link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.2.2/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
</head>

<body>
  <!-- 
    目标：使用Bootstrap弹框
    1. 引入bootstrap.css 和 bootstrap.js
    2. 准备弹框标签，确认结构
    3. 通过自定义属性，控制弹框的显示和隐藏
   -->
  <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary" data-bs-toggle="modal" data-bs-target=".my-box">
    显示弹框
  </button>

  <!-- 
    弹框标签
    bootstrap的modal弹框，添加modal类名（默认隐藏）
   -->
  <div class="modal my-box" tabindex="-1">
    <div class="modal-dialog">
      <!-- 弹框-内容 -->
      <div class="modal-content">
        <!-- 弹框-头部 -->
        <div class="modal-header">
          <h5 class="modal-title">Modal title</h5>
          <button type="button" class="btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"></button>
        </div>
        <!-- 弹框-身体 -->
        <div class="modal-body">
          <p>Modal body text goes here.</p>
        </div>
        <!-- 弹框-底部 -->
        <div class="modal-footer">
          <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary" data-bs-dismiss="modal">Close</button>
          <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Save changes</button>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>

  <!-- 引入bootstrap.js -->
  <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.2.2/dist/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</body>

</html>

JS控制

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <title>Bootstrap 弹框</title>
  <!-- 引入bootstrap.css -->
  <link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.2.2/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
</head>

<body>
  <!-- 
    目标：使用JS控制弹框，显示和隐藏
    1. 创建弹框对象
    2. 调用弹框对象内置方法
      .show() 显示
      .hide() 隐藏
   -->
  <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary edit-btn">
    编辑姓名
  </button>

  <div class="modal name-box" tabindex="-1">
    <div class="modal-dialog">
      <div class="modal-content">
        <div class="modal-header">
          <h5 class="modal-title">请输入姓名</h5>
          <button type="button" class="btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"></button>
        </div>
        <div class="modal-body">
          <form action="">
            <span>姓名：</span>
            <input type="text" class="username">
          </form>
        </div>
        <div class="modal-footer">
          <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary" data-bs-dismiss="modal">取消</button>
          <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary save-btn">保存</button>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>

  <!-- 引入bootstrap.js -->
  <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.2.2/dist/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
  <script> 
    // 1. 创建弹框对象
    const modalDom = document.querySelector('.name-box')
    const modal = new bootstrap.Modal(modalDom)

    // 编辑姓名->点击->赋予默认姓名->弹框显示
    document.querySelector('.edit-btn').addEventListener('click', () => {
      document.querySelector('.username').value = '默认姓名'
      //2. 显示弹框
      modal.show()
    })
    // 保存->点击->->获取姓名打印->弹框隐藏
    document.querySelector('.save-btn').addEventListener('click', () => {
      const username = document.querySelector('.username').value
      console.log('把姓名保存到服务器上', username)

      // 2. 隐藏弹框
      modal.hide()
    })
  </script>
</body>

</html>

图片上传

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <title>图片上传</title>
</head>

<body>
  <!-- 文件选择元素 -->
  <input type="file" class="upload">
  <img src="" alt="" class="my-img">

  <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/axios/dist/axios.min.js"></script>
  <script>
    /**
     * 目标：图片上传，显示到网页上
     *  1. 获取图片文件
     *  2. 使用 FormData 携带图片文件
     *  3. 提交到服务器，获取图片url网址使用
    */
    //文件选择元素->change改变事件
    document.querySelector('.upload').addEventListener('change', e => {
      //1. 获取图片文件
      // console.log(e.target.files[0])
      //2. 使用FormData携带图片文件
      const fd = new FormData()
      fd.append('img', e.target.files[0])
      //3. 提交到服务器，获取图片url网址使用
      axios({
        url: 'http://hmajax.itheima.net/api/uploadimg',
        method: 'POST',
        data: fd
      }).then(result => {
        console.log(result)
        //取出图片url网址，用img标签加载显示
        const imgUrl = result.data.data.url
        document.querySelector('.my-img').src = imgUrl
      })
    })
  </script>
</body>

</html>

个人信息设置

逻辑框架

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">

<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.2.3/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
  <!-- 核心样式 -->
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="./css/index.css">
  <title>个人信息设置</title>
</head>

<body>
  <!-- toast 提示框 -->
  <div class="toast my-toast" data-bs-delay="1500">
    <div class="toast-body">
      <div class="alert alert-success info-box">
        操作成功
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <!-- 核心内容区域 -->
  <div class="container">
    <ul class="my-nav">
      <li class="active">基本设置</li>
      <li>安全设置</li>
      <li>账号绑定</li>
      <li>新消息通知</li>
    </ul>
    <div class="content">
      <div class="info-wrap">
        <h3 class="title">基本设置</h3>
        <form class="user-form" action="javascript:;">
          <div class="form-item">
            <label for="email">邮箱</label>
            <input id="email" name="email" class="email" type="text" placeholder="请输入邮箱" autocomplete="off">
          </div>
          <div class="form-item">
            <label for="nickname">昵称</label>
            <input id="nickname" name="nickname" class="nickname" type="text" placeholder="请输入昵称" autocomplete="off">
          </div>
          <div class="form-item">
            <label>性别</label>
            <label class="male-label"><input type="radio" name="gender" class="gender" value="0">男</label>
            <label class="male-label"><input type="radio" name="gender" class="gender" value="1">女</label>
          </div>
          <div class="form-item">
            <label for="desc">个人简介</label>
            <textarea id="desc" name="desc" class="desc" placeholder="请输入个人简介" cols="20" rows="10" autocomplete="off"></textarea>
          </div>
          <button class="submit">提交</button>
        </form>
      </div>
      <div class="avatar-box">
        <h4 class="avatar-title">头像</h3>
          <img class="prew" src="./img/头像.png" alt="">
          <label for="upload">更换头像</label>
          <input id="upload" type="file" class="upload">
      </div>

    </div>
  </div>
  <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/axios/dist/axios.min.js"></script>
  <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.2.3/dist/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
  <script src="./lib/form-serialize.js"></script>
  <!-- 核心逻辑 -->
  <script src="./js/index.js"></script>
</body>

</html>

功能实现

/**
 * 目标1：信息渲染
 *  1.1 获取用户的数据
 *  1.2 回显数据到标签上
 * */
const creator = '播仔'
//   1.1 获取用户的数据
axios({
    url: 'http://hmajax.itheima.net/api/settings',
    params: {
        creator
    }
}).then(result => {
    const userObj = result.data.data
    // console.log(userObj)
    // 1.2 回显数据到标签上
    Object.keys(userObj).forEach(key => {
        if (key === 'avatar'){
            //赋予默认头像
            document.querySelector('.prew').src = userObj[key]
        }else if(key === 'gender'){
            //赋予默认性别
            // 获取性别单选框  [男radio元素，女radio元素]
            const gRadioList = document.querySelectorAll('.gender')
            // 获取性别数字 0男1女
            const gNum = userObj[key]
            //通过性别的数字，作为下标，找到对应性别单选，设置选中状态
            gRadioList[gNum].checked = true
        }else{
            //赋予默认内容
            document.querySelector(`.${key}`).value = userObj[key]
        }
    })
})
/**
 * 目标2：修改头像
 *  2.1 获取头像文件
 *  2.2 提交服务器并更新头像
 * */
//文件选中元素 -> change事件
document.querySelector('.upload').addEventListener('change', e => {
    //2.1 获取头像文件
    console.log(e.target.files[0])
    const fd = new FormData()
    fd.append('avatar', e.target.files[0])   
    fd.append('creator', creator)   
    // 提交服务器并更新头像
    axios({
        url: 'http://hmajax.itheima.net/api/avatar',
        method: 'PUT',
        data: fd
    }).then(result => {
        const imgUrl = result.data.data.avatar
        //把新的头像回显到页面上
        document.querySelector('.prew').src = imgUrl
    })
})
/**
 * 目标3：提交表单
 *  3.1 收集表单信息
 *  3.2 提交到服务器保存
 */
/**
 * 目标4：结果提示
 *  4.1 创建toast对象
 *  4.2 调用show方法->显示提示框
 */
// 保存修改->点击
document.querySelector('.submit').addEventListener('click', () => {
   //3.1 收集表单信息
   const userForm = document.querySelector('.user-form')
   const userObj = serialize(userForm, { hash: true, empty: true }) 
    userObj.creator = creator
    //性别数字字符串，转成数字类型
    userObj.gender = +userObj.gender
    console.log(userObj)
    //3.2 提交到服务器保存
    axios({
        url: 'http://hmajax.itheima.net/api/settings',
        method: 'PUT',
        data: userObj
    }).then(result => {
        // 4.1 创建toast对象
        const toastDom = document.querySelector('.my-toast')
        const toast = new bootstrap.Toast(toastDom)

        // 4.2 调用show方法->显示提示框
        toast.show()
    })
})

AJAX3

使用XMLHttpRequest

步骤：
1.创建XMLHttRequest对象
2.配置请求方法和请求url地址
3.监听loadend事件，接收响应结果
4.发起请求

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <title>XMLHttpRequest_基础使用</title>
</head>

<body>
  <p class="my-p"></p>
  <script>
    /**
     * 目标：使用XMLHttpRequest对象与服务器通信
     *  1. 创建 XMLHttpRequest 对象
     *  2. 配置请求方法和请求 url 地址
     *  3. 监听 loadend 事件，接收响应结果
     *  4. 发起请求
    */
    // 1. 创建 XMLHttpRequest 对象
    const xhr = new XMLHttpRequest()

    // 2. 配置请求方法和请求 url 地址
    xhr.open('GET', 'http://hmajax.itheima.net/api/province')

    // 3. 监听 loadend 事件，接收响应结果
    xhr.addEventListener('loadend', () => {
      console.log(xhr.response)
      const data = JSON.parse(xhr.response)
      console.log(data.list.join('<br>'))
      document.querySelector('.my-p').innerHTML = data.list.join('<br>')
    })

    // 4. 发起请求
    xhr.send()
  </script>
</body>

</html>

XMLHttpRequest–查询参数（自己拼接）

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <title>XMLHttpRequest_查询参数</title>
</head>

<body>
  <p class="city-p"></p>
  <script>
    /**
     * 目标：使用XHR携带查询参数，展示某个省下属的城市列表
    */
    const xhr = new XMLHttpRequest()
    xhr.open('GET', 'http://hmajax.itheima.net/api/city?pname=辽宁省')
    xhr.addEventListener('loadend', () => {
      console.log(xhr.response)
      const data = JSON.parse(xhr.response)
      console.log(data)
      document.querySelector('.city-p').innerHTML = data.list.join('<br>')
    })
    xhr.send()

  </script>
</body>

</html>

XMLHttpRequest–数据提交

请求头设置Content-Type: application/json
请求体携带JSON字符串

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <title>XMLHttpRequest_数据提交</title>
</head>

<body>
  <button class="reg-btn">注册用户</button>
  <script>
    /**
     * 目标：使用xhr进行数据提交-完成注册功能
    */
    document.querySelector('.reg-btn').addEventListener('click', () => {
      const xhr = new XMLHttpRequest()
      xhr.open('POST', 'http://hmajax.itheima.net/api/register')
      xhr.addEventListener('loadend', () => {
        console.log(xhr.response)
      })

      //设置请求头-告诉服务器内容类型（JSON字符串）
      xhr.setRequestHeader('Content-Type', 'application/json')
      //准备提交的数据
      const userObj = {
        username: 'itheima7189',
        password: '654321'
      }
      const userStr = JSON.stringify(userObj)
      //设置请求体，发送请求
      xhr.send(userStr)
    })
  </script>
</body>

</html>

Promise

Promise对象用于表示一个异步操作的最终完成（或失败）及其结果值

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <title>认识Promise</title>
</head>

<body>
  <script>
    /**
     * 目标：使用Promise管理异步任务
    */
   //1. 创建Promise对象
   const p = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    //2. 执行异步代码
    setTimeout(() => {
      // resolve('模拟AJAX请求-成功结果')
      reject(new Error('模拟AJAX请求-失败结果'))
    }, 2000)
   }) 
   
  //  3. 获取结果
  p.then(result => {
    console.log(result)
  }).catch(error => {
    console.log(error)
  })
  </script>
</body>

</html>

Promise三种状态

待定（pending）
已兑现（fulfilled）
已拒绝（rejected）

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <title>认识Promise状态</title>
</head>

<body>
  <script>
    /**
     * 目标：认识Promise状态
    */
    // 1. 创建Promise对象（pending-待定状态）
    const p = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
      // Promise对象创建时，这里的代码都会执行了
      // 2. 执行异步代码
      setTimeout(() => {
        // resolve() => 'fulfilled状态-已兑现' => then()
        resolve('模拟AJAX请求-成功结果')
        // reject() => 'rejected状态-已拒绝' => catch()
        reject(new Error('模拟AJAX请求-失败结果'))
      }, 2000)
    })
    console.log(p)

    // 3. 获取结果
    p.then(result => {
      console.log(result)
    }).catch(error => {
      console.log(error)
    })

  </script>
</body>

</html>

获取省份案例

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <title>案例_使用Promise+XHR_获取省份列表</title>
</head>

<body>
  <p class="my-p"></p>
  <script>
    /**
     * 目标：使用Promise管理XHR请求省份列表
     *  1. 创建Promise对象
     *  2. 执行XHR异步代码，获取省份列表
     *  3. 关联成功或失败函数，做后续处理
    */
    // 1. 创建Promise对象
    const p = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
      // 2. 执行XHR异步代码，获取省份列表
      const xhr = new XMLHttpRequest()
      xhr.open('GET', 'http://hmajax.itheima.net/api/province')
      xhr.addEventListener('loadend', () => {
        // xhr如何判断响应成功还是失败的？
        //2xx开头的都是响应成功的状态码
        if(xhr.status >= 200 && xhr.status < 300){
          resolve(JSON.parse(xhr.response))
        }else{
          reject(new Error(xhr.response))
        }
       
      })
      xhr.send()
    })
    // 3. 关联成功或失败函数，做后续处理
    p.then(result => {
      console.log(result)
      document.querySelector('.my-p').innerHTML = result.list.join('<br>')
    }).catch(error => {
      //错误对象要用console.dir详细打印
      console.dir(error)
      //服务器返回错误提示信息，插入到p标签显示
      document.querySelector('.my-p').innerHTML = error.message

    })
    
  </script>
</body>

</html>

封装axios函数

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <title>封装_简易axios函数_获取省份列表</title>
</head>

<body>
  <p class="my-p"></p>
  <script>
    /**
     * 目标：封装_简易axios函数_获取省份列表
     *  1. 定义myAxios函数，接收配置对象，返回Promise对象
     *  2. 发起XHR请求，默认请求方法为GET
     *  3. 调用成功/失败的处理程序
     *  4. 使用myAxios函数，获取省份列表展示
    */
    // 1. 定义myAxios函数，接收配置对象，返回Promise对象
   function myAxios(config){
    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
      // 2. 发起XHR请求，默认请求方法为GET
      const xhr = new XMLHttpRequest()
      xhr.open(config.method || 'GET', config.url)
      xhr.addEventListener('loadend', () => {
        // 3. 调用成功/失败的处理程序
        if(xhr.status >= 200 && xhr.status < 300){
          resolve(JSON.parse(xhr.response))
        }else{
          reject(new Error(xhr.response))
        }
      }) 
      xhr.send()
    })
   }

  //  4. 使用myAxios函数，获取省份列表展示
  myAxios({
    url: 'http://hmajax.itheima.net/api/province'
  }).then(result => {
    console.log(result)
    document.querySelector('.my-p').innerHTML = result.list.join('<br>')
  }).catch(error => {
    console.log(error)
    document.querySelector('.my-p').innerHTML = error.message
  })
  </script>
</body>

</html>

封装axios函数+拼接参数

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <title>封装_简易axios函数_获取地区列表</title>
</head>

<body>
  <p class="my-p"></p>
  <script>
    /**
     * 目标：封装_简易axios函数_获取地区列表
     *  1. 判断有params选项，携带查询参数
     *  2. 使用URLSearchParams转换，并携带到url上
     *  3. 使用myAxios函数，获取地区列表
    */
    function myAxios(config) {
      return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
        const xhr = new XMLHttpRequest()
        //1.判断有params选项，携带查询参数
        if(config.params){
          // 2. 使用URLSearchParams转换，并携带到url上
          const paramsObj = new URLSearchParams(config.params)
          const queryString = paramsObj.toString()
          //把查询参数字符串，拼接到url?后面
          config.url += `?${queryString}`
        }
        xhr.open(config.method || 'GET', config.url)
        xhr.addEventListener('loadend', () => {
          if (xhr.status >= 200 && xhr.status < 300) {
            resolve(JSON.parse(xhr.response))
          } else {
            reject(new Error(xhr.response))
          }
        })
        xhr.send()
      })
    }

    // 3. 使用myAxios函数，获取地区列表
   myAxios({
    url: 'http://hmajax.itheima.net/api/area',
    params: {
      pname: '辽宁省',
      cname: '大连市'
    }
   }).then(result => {
    console.log(result)
    document.querySelector('.my-p').innerHTML = result.list.join('<br>')
   })
  </script>
</body>

</html>

封装axios函数-注册用户

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <title>封装_简易axios函数_注册用户</title>
</head>

<body>
  <button class="reg-btn">注册用户</button>
  <script>
    /**
     * 目标：封装_简易axios函数_注册用户
     *  1. 判断有data选项，携带请求体
     *  2. 转换数据类型，在send中发送
     *  3. 使用myAxios函数，完成注册用户
    */
    function myAxios(config) {
      return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
        const xhr = new XMLHttpRequest()

        if (config.params) {
          const paramsObj = new URLSearchParams(config.params)
          const queryString = paramsObj.toString()
          config.url += `?${queryString}`
        }
        xhr.open(config.method || 'GET', config.url)

        xhr.addEventListener('loadend', () => {
          if (xhr.status >= 200 && xhr.status < 300) {
            resolve(JSON.parse(xhr.response))
          } else {
            reject(new Error(xhr.response))
          }
        })
        //1. 判断有data选项，携带请求体
        if(config.data){
          //2. 转换数据类型，在send中发送
          const jsonStr = JSON.stringify(config.data)
          xhr.setRequestHeader('Content-Type', 'application/json')
          xhr.send(jsonStr)
        }else{
          //如果没有请求体数据，正常的发起请求
          xhr.send()
        }
      })
    }
  
    document.querySelector('.reg-btn').addEventListener('click', () => {
      //3. 使用myAxios函数，完成注册用户
      myAxios({
        url: 'http://hmajax.itheima.net/api/register',
        method: 'POST',
        data: {
          username: 'itheima9999',
          password: '999999'
        }
      }).then(result => {
        console.log(result)
      }).catch(error => {
        console.dir(error);
      })
    })
  </script>
</body>

</html>

综合案例-天气预报

1.框架

!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">

<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="./css/reset.css">
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="./css/index.css">
  <title>案例_天气预报</title>
</head>

<body>
  <div class="container">
    <!-- 顶部 -->
    <div class="top-box">
      <div class="title">
        <span class="dateShort">10月28日</span>
        <span class="calendar">农历&nbsp;
          <span class="dateLunar">十月初四</span>
        </span>
      </div>
      <div class="search-box">
        <div class="location">
          <img src="./imgs/定位.png" alt="">
          <span class="area">城市名</span>
        </div>
        <!-- 搜索框+搜索列表 -->
        <div class="search">
          <input type="text" class="search-city" placeholder="搜索城市">
          <ul class="search-list">
            <li class="city-item">北京市</li>
          </ul>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <!-- 当前天气 -->
    <div class="weather-box">
      <div class="tem-box">
        <span class="temp">
          <span class="temperature">12</span>
          <span>°</span>
        </span>
      </div>
      <div class="climate-box">
        <div class="air">
          <span class="psPm25">55</span>
          <span class="psPm25Level">良</span>
        </div>
        <ul class="weather-list">
          <li>
            <img src="./imgs/小雨-line.png" class="weatherImg" alt="">
            <span class="weather">多云</span>
          </li>
          <li class="windDirection">东南风</li>
          <li class="windPower">2级</li>
        </ul>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="today-weather">
      <div class="range-box">
        <span>今天：</span>
        <span class="range">
          <span class="weather">晴</span>
          <span class="temNight">9</span>
          <span>-</span>
          <span class="temDay">14</span>
          <span>℃</span>
        </span>
      </div>
      <ul class="sun-list">
        <li>
          <span>紫外线</span>
          <span class="ultraviolet">强</span>
        </li>
        <li>
          <span>湿度</span>
          <span class="humidity">53</span>%
        </li>
        <li>
          <span>日出</span>
          <span class="sunriseTime">06:38</span>
        </li>
        <li>
          <span>日落</span>
          <span class="sunsetTime">17:18</span>
        </li>
      </ul>
    </div>
    <!-- 周天气预报 -->
    <div class="week-weather-box">
      <div class="title">7日内天气预报</div>
      <ul class="week-wrap">
        <li class="item">
          <div class="date-box">
            <span class="dateFormat">今天</span>
            <span class="date">10月28日</span>
          </div>
          <img src="./imgs/多云.png" alt="" class="weatherImg">
          <span class="weather">多云</span>
          <div class="temp">
            <span class="temNight">12</span>-
            <span class="temDay">12</span>
            <span>℃</span>
          </div>
          <div class="wind">
            <span class="windDirection">东南风</span>
            <span class="windPower">&lt;3级</span>
          </div>
        </li>
        <li class="item">
          <div class="date-box">
            <span class="dateFormat">今天</span>
            <span class="date">10月28日</span>
          </div>
          <img src="./imgs/多云.png" alt="" class="weatherImg">
          <span class="weather">多云</span>
          <div class="temp">
            <span class="temDay">12</span>-
            <span class="temNight">12</span>
            <span>℃</span>
          </div>
          <div class="wind">
            <span class="windDirection">东南风</span>
            <span class="windPower">&lt;3级</span>
          </div>
        </li>
        <li class="item">
          <div class="date-box">
            <span class="dateFormat">今天</span>
            <span class="date">10月28日</span>
          </div>
          <img src="./imgs/多云.png" alt="" class="weatherImg">
          <span class="weather">多云</span>
          <div class="temp">
            <span class="temDay">12</span>-
            <span class="temNight">12</span>
            <span>℃</span>
          </div>
          <div class="wind">
            <span class="windDirection">东南风</span>
            <span class="windPower">&lt;3级</span>
          </div>
        </li>
        <li class="item">
          <div class="date-box">
            <span class="dateFormat">今天</span>
            <span class="date">10月28日</span>
          </div>
          <img src="./imgs/多云.png" alt="" class="weatherImg">
          <span class="weather">多云</span>
          <div class="temp">
            <span class="temDay">12</span>-
            <span class="temNight">12</span>
            <span>℃</span>
          </div>
          <div class="wind">
            <span class="windDirection">东南风</span>
            <span class="windPower">&lt;3级</span>
          </div>
        </li>
        <li class="item">
          <div class="date-box">
            <span class="dateFormat">今天</span>
            <span class="date">10月28日</span>
          </div>
          <img src="./imgs/多云.png" alt="" class="weatherImg">
          <span class="weather">多云</span>
          <div class="temp">
            <span class="temDay">12</span>-
            <span class="temNight">12</span>
            <span>℃</span>
          </div>
          <div class="wind">
            <span class="windDirection">东南风</span>
            <span class="windPower">&lt;3级</span>
          </div>
        </li>
        <li class="item">
          <div class="date-box">
            <span class="dateFormat">今天</span>
            <span class="date">10月28日</span>
          </div>
          <img src="./imgs/多云.png" alt="" class="weatherImg">
          <span class="weather">多云</span>
          <div class="temp">
            <span class="temDay">12</span>-
            <span class="temNight">12</span>
            <span>℃</span>
          </div>
          <div class="wind">
            <span class="windDirection">东南风</span>
            <span class="windPower">&lt;3级</span>
          </div>
        </li>
        <li class="item">
          <div class="date-box">
            <span class="dateFormat">今天</span>
            <span class="date">10月28日</span>
          </div>
          <img src="./imgs/多云.png" alt="" class="weatherImg">
          <span class="weather">多云</span>
          <div class="temp">
            <span class="temDay">12</span>-
            <span class="temNight">12</span>
            <span>℃</span>
          </div>
          <div class="wind">
            <span class="windDirection">东南风</span>
            <span class="windPower">&lt;3级</span>
          </div>
        </li>
      </ul>
    </div>
  </div>
  <!-- 自己封装myAxios函数 -->
  <script src="./js/my-axios.js"></script>
  <!-- 搜索框+下拉菜单出现逻辑 -->
  <script src="./js/search.js"></script>
  <!-- 核心js -->
  <script src="./js/index.js"></script>
</body>

</html>

2.逻辑

/**
 * 目标1：默认显示-北京市天气
 *  1.1 获取北京市天气数据
 *  1.2 数据展示到页面
 */
//获取并渲染城市天气函数
function getWeather(cityCode){
    //1.1 获取北京市天气预备
    myAxios({
        url: 'http://hmajax.itheima.net/api/weather',
        params: {
            city: cityCode
        }
    }).then(result => {
        console.log(result)
        // console.log(result.data)
        const wObj = result.data
        //1.2 数据展示到页面
        //阳历和农历日期
        const dataStr = `<span class="dateShort">${wObj.date}</span>
        <span class="calendar">农历&nbsp;
          <span class="dateLunar">${wObj.dateLunar}</span>
        </span>`
        document.querySelector('.title').innerHTML = dataStr
        //城市名字
        document.querySelector('.area').innerHTML = wObj.area
        //当前的气温
        const nowWStr = ` <div class="tem-box">
        <span class="temp">
          <span class="temperature">${wObj.temperature}</span>
          <span>°</span>
        </span>
      </div>
      <div class="climate-box">
        <div class="air">
          <span class="psPm25">${wObj.psPm25}</span>
          <span class="psPm25Level">${wObj.psPm25Level}</span>
        </div>
        <ul class="weather-list">
          <li>
            <img src="${wObj.weatherImg}" class="weatherImg" alt="">
            <span class="weather">${wObj.weather}</span>
          </li>
          <li class="windDirection">${wObj.windDirection}</li>
          <li class="windPower">${wObj.windPower}</li>
        </ul>
      </div>`
      document.querySelector('.weather-box').innerHTML = nowWStr
      //当天天气
      const twObj = wObj.todayWeather
      const todayStr = ` <div class="range-box">
      <span>今天：</span>
      <span class="range">
        <span class="weather">${twObj.weather}</span>
        <span class="temNight">${twObj.temNight}</span>
        <span>-</span>
        <span class="temDay">${twObj.temDay}</span>
        <span>℃</span>
      </span>
    </div>
    <ul class="sun-list">
      <li>
        <span>紫外线</span>
        <span class="ultraviolet">${twObj.ultraviolet}</span>
      </li>
      <li>
        <span>湿度</span>
        <span class="humidity">${twObj.humidity}</span>%
      </li>
      <li>
        <span>日出</span>
        <span class="sunriseTime">${twObj.sunriseTime}</span>
      </li>
      <li>
        <span>日落</span>
        <span class="sunsetTime">${twObj.sunsetTime}</span>
      </li>
    </ul>`
    document.querySelector('.today-weather').innerHTML = todayStr

    //7日天气预报数据展示
    const dayForecast = wObj.dayForecast
    const dayForecastStr = dayForecast.map(item => {
        return `<li class="item">
        <div class="date-box">
          <span class="dateFormat">${item.dateFormat}</span>
          <span class="date">${item.date}</span>
        </div>
        <img src="${item.weatherImg}" alt="" class="weatherImg">
        <span class="weather">${item.weather}</span>
        <div class="temp">
          <span class="temNight">${item.temNight}</span>-
          <span class="temDay">${item.temDay}</span>
          <span>℃</span>
        </div>
        <div class="wind">
          <span class="windDirection">${item.windDirection}</span>
          <span class="windPower">${item.windPower}</span>
        </div>
      </li>`
    }).join('')
    // console.log(dayForecastStr)
    document.querySelector('.week-wrap').innerHTML = dayForecastStr
    })
}
//默认进入网页-就要获取天气数据(北京市城市编码：'110100')
getWeather('110100')

/**
 * 目标2：搜索城市列表
 *  2.1 绑定input事件，获取关键字
 *  2.2 获取展示城市列表数据
 */
// 2.1 绑定input事件，获取关键字
document.querySelector('.search-city').addEventListener('input', (e) => {
    console.log(e.target.value)
    //2.2 获取展示城市列表数据
    myAxios({
    url: 'http://hmajax.itheima.net/api/weather/city',
    params: {
        city: e.target.value
    }
    }).then(result => {
        console.log(result)
        const liStr = result.data.map(item => {
            return `<li class="city-item" data-code="${item.code}">${item.name}</li>`
        }).join('')
        // console.log(liStr)
        document.querySelector('.search-list').innerHTML = liStr
    })
})

/**
 * 目标3：切换城市天气
 *  3.1 绑定城市点击事件，获取城市code值
 *  3.2 调用获取并展示天气的函数
 */
document.querySelector('.search-list').addEventListener('click', e => {
    if(e.target.classList.contains('city-item')){
        //只有点击城市li才会走
        const cityCode = e.target.dataset.code
        console.log(cityCode)
        //3.2 调用获取并展示天气的函数
        getWeather(cityCode)
    }
})

AJAX4

同步代码和异步代码

同步代码：逐步执行，需原地等待结果后，才继续向下执行
异步代码：调用后耗时，不阻塞代码继续执行（不必原地等待），在将来完成后触发一个回调函数

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <title>同步代码和异步代码</title>
</head>
<body>
  <button class="btn">点我</button>
  <script>
    // 目标：阅读并回答代码执行和打印的顺序
    const result = 0 + 1
    console.log(result)
    setTimeout(() => {
      console.log(2)
    }, 2000)
    document.querySelector('.btn').addEventListener('click', () => {
      console.log(3)
    })
    document.body.style.backgroundColor = 'pink'
    console.log(4)
  </script>
</body>
</html>

回调函数地狱

回调函数嵌套---->可读性差、异常捕获困难、耦合性严重

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <title>回调地狱</title>
</head>

<body>
  <form>
    <span>省份：</span>
    <select>
      <option class="province"></option>
    </select>
    <span>城市：</span>
    <select>
      <option class="city"></option>
    </select>
    <span>地区：</span>
    <select>
      <option class="area"></option>
    </select>
  </form>
  <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/axios/dist/axios.min.js"></script>
  <script>
    /**
     * 目标：演示回调函数地狱
     * 需求：获取默认第一个省，第一个市，第一个地区并展示在下拉菜单中
     * 概念：在回调函数中嵌套回调函数，一直嵌套下去就形成了回调函数地狱
     * 缺点：可读性差，异常无法获取，耦合性严重，牵一发动全身
    */
    // 1. 获取默认第一个省份的名字
    axios({url: 'http://hmajax.itheima.net/api/province'}).then(result => {
      const pname = result.data.list[0]
      document.querySelector('.province').innerHTML = pname
      // 2. 获取默认第一个城市的名字
      axios({url: 'http://hmajax.itheima.net/api/city', params: {pname}}).then(result => {
        const cname = result.data.list[0]
        document.querySelector('.city').innerHTML = cname
        // 3. 获取默认第一个地区的名字
        axios({url: 'http://hmajax.itheima.net/api/area1', params: {pname, cname}}).then(result => {
          const area = result.data.list[0]
          document.querySelector('.area').innerHTML = area
        })
      })
    }).catch(error => {
      console.dir(error)
    })
  </script>
</body>

</html>

Promise–链式调用

依靠then函数返回新Promise对象特性，一直串联下去
return的值回传给then函数生成的新的Promise对象
可以解决函数嵌套问题

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <title>Promise_链式调用</title>
</head>

<body>
  <script>
    /**
     * 目标：掌握Promise的链式调用
     * 需求：把省市的嵌套结构，改成链式调用的线性结构
    */
    // 1. 创建Promise对象-模拟请求省份名字
    const p =new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
      setTimeout(() => {
        resolve('北京市')
      }, 2000)
    })

    // 2. 获取省份名字
    const p2 = p.then(result => {
      console.log(result)
      //3. 创建Promise对象-模拟请求城市名字
      // return Promise 对象最终状态和结果,影响到新的Promise对象
      return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
        setTimeout(() => {
          resolve(result + '--- 北京')
        }, 2000)
      })
    })

    //4. 获取城市名字
    p2.then(result => {
      console.log(result)
    })
    //then()原地的结果是一个新的Promise对象
    console.log(p2 === p)
  </script>
</body>

</html>

Promise–链式调用–解决回调函数嵌套问题

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <title>Promise链式调用_解决回调地狱</title>
</head>

<body>
  <form>
    <span>省份：</span>
    <select>
      <option class="province"></option>
    </select>
    <span>城市：</span>
    <select>
      <option class="city"></option>
    </select>
    <span>地区：</span>
    <select>
      <option class="area"></option>
    </select>
  </form>
  <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/axios/dist/axios.min.js"></script>
  <script>
    /**
     * 目标：把回调函数嵌套代码，改成Promise链式调用结构
     * 需求：获取默认第一个省，第一个市，第一个地区并展示在下拉菜单中
    */
   let pname = ''
   //1. 得到-获取省份Promise对象
   axios({url: 'http://hmajax.itheima.net/api/province'}).then(result => {
    console.log(result)
    pname = result.data.list[0]
    document.querySelector('.province').innerHTML = pname

    //2. 得到-获取城市Promise对象
    return axios({url: 'http://hmajax.itheima.net/api/city',params: {pname}})
   }).then(result => {
    const cname = result.data.list[0]
    document.querySelector('.city').innerHTML = cname

    //3. 得到-获取地区Promise对象
    return axios({url: 'http://hmajax.itheima.net/api/area', params: {pname, cname}})
   }).then(result => {
    console.log(result)
    const areaName = result.data.list[0]
    document.querySelector('.area').innerHTML = areaName
   })
  </script>
</body>

</html>

async函数和await

async函数
await

在async函数内，使用await关键字取代then函数，等待获取Promise对象成功状态的结果值

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <title>async函数和await_解决回调函数地狱</title>
</head>

<body>
  <form>
    <span>省份：</span>
    <select>
      <option class="province"></option>
    </select>
    <span>城市：</span>
    <select>
      <option class="city"></option>
    </select>
    <span>地区：</span>
    <select>
      <option class="area"></option>
    </select>
  </form>
  <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/axios/dist/axios.min.js"></script>
  <script>
    /**
     * 目标：掌握async和await语法，解决回调函数地狱
     * 概念：在async函数内，使用await关键字，获取Promise对象"成功状态"结果值
     * 注意：await必须用在async修饰的函数内（await会阻止"异步函数内"代码继续执行，原地等待结果）
    */
    // 1. 定义async修饰函数
    async function getData() {
      //2. 使用await等待Promise对象成功的结果
      const pObj = await axios({url: 'http://hmajax.itheima.net/api/province'})
      const pname = pObj.data.list[0]
      const cObj = await axios({url: 'http://hmajax.itheima.net/api/city', params: {pname}})
      const cname = cObj.data.list[0]
      const aObj = await axios({url: 'http://hmajax.itheima.net/api/area', params: {pname, cname}})
      const areaName = aObj.data.list[0]

      document.querySelector('.province').innerHTML = pname
      document.querySelector('.city').innerHTML = cname
      document.querySelector('.area').innerHTML = areaName
    }
    getData()
  </script>
</body>

</html>

async函数和await—错误捕获

使用try…catch

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <title>async函数和await_错误捕获</title>
</head>

<body>
  <form>
    <span>省份：</span>
    <select>
      <option class="province"></option>
    </select>
    <span>城市：</span>
    <select>
      <option class="city"></option>
    </select>
    <span>地区：</span>
    <select>
      <option class="area"></option>
    </select>
  </form>
  <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/axios/dist/axios.min.js"></script>
  <script>
    /**
     * 目标：async和await_错误捕获
    */
    async function getData() {
      //1. try包裹可能产生错误的代码
      try{
        const pObj = await axios({ url: 'http://hmajax.itheima.net/api/province' })
        const pname = pObj.data.list[0]
        const cObj = await axios({ url: 'http://hmajax.itheima.net/api/city', params: { pname } })
        const cname = cObj.data.list[0]
        const aObj = await axios({ url: 'http://hmajax.itheima.net/api/area', params: { pname, cname } })
        const areaName = aObj.data.list[0]

        document.querySelector('.province').innerHTML = pname
        document.querySelector('.city').innerHTML = cname
        document.querySelector('.area').innerHTML = areaName
      }catch(error){
        //2. 接着调用catch块，接收错误信息
        //如果try里某行代码报错后，try中剩余的代码不会执行了
        console.dir(error)
      } 
    }

    getData()
  </script>
</body>

</html>

认识-事件循环（EventLoop）— 为了不阻塞JS执行机制

执行代码和收集异步任务的模型，在调用栈空闲，反复调用任务队列里回调函数的执行机制，就叫事件循环
JavaScript单线程
宿主环境（浏览器）-- 多线程

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <title>事件循环_练习</title>
</head>

<body>
  <script>
    /**
     * 目标：阅读并回答执行的顺序结果
    */
    console.log(1)
    setTimeout(() => {
      console.log(2)
    }, 0)
    function myFn() {
      console.log(3)
    }
    function ajaxFn() {
      const xhr = new XMLHttpRequest()
      xhr.open('GET', 'http://hmajax.itheima.net/api/province')
      xhr.addEventListener('loadend', () => {
        console.log(4)
      })
      xhr.send()
    }
    for (let i = 0; i < 1; i++) {
      console.log(5)
    }
    ajaxFn()
    document.addEventListener('click', () => {
      console.log(6)
    })
    myFn()
    // 1 5 3 2 4 点击一次document就会执行一次打印6
  </script>
</body>

</html>

宏任务与微任务

宏任务：由浏览器环境执行的异步代码
微任务：由JS引擎环境执行的异步代码
如：Promise对象.then()
Promise本身是同步的，而then和catch回调函数是异步的

宏任务队列和微任务队列同时存在时，先清空微任务队列，再执行下一个宏任务

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <title>事件循环经典_经典面试题</title>
</head>

<body>
  <script>
    // 目标：回答代码执行顺序
    console.log(1)
    setTimeout(() => {
      console.log(2)
      const p = new Promise(resolve => resolve(3))
      p.then(result => console.log(result))
    }, 0)
    const p = new Promise(resolve => {
      setTimeout(() => {
        console.log(4)
      }, 0)
      resolve(5)
    })
    p.then(result => console.log(result))
    const p2 = new Promise(resolve => resolve(6))
    p2.then(result => console.log(result))
    console.log(7)
    // 1 7 5 6 2 3 4
  </script>

</body>

</html>

Promise.all 静态方法

合并多个Promise对象，等待所有同时成功完成（或某一个失败），做后续逻辑

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <title>Promise的all方法</title>
</head>

<body>
  <ul class="my-ul"></ul>
  <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/axios/dist/axios.min.js"></script>
  <script>
    /**
     * 目标：掌握Promise的all方法作用，和使用场景
     * 业务：当我需要同一时间显示多个请求的结果时，就要把多请求合并
     * 例如：默认显示"北京", "上海", "广州", "深圳"的天气在首页查看
     * code：
     * 北京-110100
     * 上海-310100
     * 广州-440100
     * 深圳-440300
    */
    // 1. 请求城市天气，得到Promise对象
   const bjPromise = axios({url: 'http://hmajax.itheima.net/api/weather', params: {city: '110100'}})
   const shPromise = axios({url: 'http://hmajax.itheima.net/api/weather', params: {city: '310100'}})
   const gzPromise = axios({url: 'http://hmajax.itheima.net/api/weather', params: {city: '440100'}})
   const szPromise = axios({url: 'http://hmajax.itheima.net/api/weather', params: {city: '440300'}})
   // 2. 使用Promise.all方法，合并多个Promise对象
   const p = Promise.all([bjPromise, shPromise, gzPromise, szPromise])
   p.then(result => {
    //注意：结果数组顺序和合并时是一样的
    console.log(result)
    const htmlStr = result.map(item => {
      return `<li>${item.data.data.area}---${item.data.data.weather}</li>`
    }).join('')
    document.querySelector('.my-ul').innerHTML = htmlStr
   }).catch(error => {
    console.dir(error)
   })
  </script>
</body>

</html>

商品分类-案例


```html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8" />
  <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" />
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
  <title>案例_分类导航</title>
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="./css/index.css">
</head>

<body>
  <!-- 大容器 -->
  <div class="container">
    <div class="sub-list">
      <div class="item">
        <h3>分类名字</h3>
        <ul>
          <li>
            <a href="javascript:;">
              <img src="http://zhoushugang.gitee.io/erabbit-client-pc-static/uploads/img/category%20(9).png" />
              <p>巧克力</p>
            </a>
          </li>
          <li>
            <a href="javascript:;">
              <img src="http://zhoushugang.gitee.io/erabbit-client-pc-static/uploads/img/category%20(9).png" />
              <p>巧克力</p>
            </a>
          </li>
          <li>
            <a href="javascript:;">
              <img src="http://zhoushugang.gitee.io/erabbit-client-pc-static/uploads/img/category%20(9).png" />
              <p>巧克力</p>
            </a>
          </li>
        </ul>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/axios/dist/axios.min.js"></script>
  <script>
    /**
     * 目标：把所有商品分类“同时”渲染到页面上
     *  1. 获取所有一级分类数据
     *  2. 遍历id，创建获取二级分类请求
     *  3. 合并所有二级分类Promise对象
     *  4. 等待同时成功后，渲染页面
    */
    // 1. 获取所有一级分类数据
    axios({
      url: 'http://hmajax.itheima.net/api/category/top',
    }).then(result => {
      console.log(result)
      // 2. 遍历id，创建获取二级分类请求
      const secPromiseList = result.data.data.map(item => {
        return axios({
          url: 'http://hmajax.itheima.net/api/category/sub',
          params: {
            id: item.id //一级分类id
          }
        })
      })
      console.log(secPromiseList) //[二级分类请求的Promise对象，...]
      // 3. 合并所有二级分类Promise对象
      const p = Promise.all(secPromiseList)
      p.then(result => {
        console.log(result)
        // 4. 等待同时成功后，渲染页面
        const htmlStr = result.map(item => {
          const dataObj = item.data.data  //取出关键的数据对象
          return `<div class="item">
        <h3>${dataObj.name}</h3>
        <ul>
          ${dataObj.children.map(item => {
            return `<li> <a href="javascript:;"> <img src="${item.picture}"> <p>${item.name}</p> </a> </li>`
          }).join('')}
        </ul>
      </div>`
        }).join('')
        console.log(htmlStr)
        document.querySelector('.sub-list').innerHTML = htmlStr
      })

    })
    
  </script>
</body>

</html>

学习反馈–综合案例

框架：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">

<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <!-- 初始化样式 -->
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/reset.css@2.0.2/reset.min.css">
  <!-- 引入bootstrap.css -->
  <link href="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/5.2.3/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
  <!-- 核心样式 -->
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="./css/index.css">
  <title>学习反馈</title>
</head>

<body>
  <div class="container">
    <h4 class="stu-title">学习反馈</h4>
    <img class="bg" src="./img/head.png" alt="">
    <div class="item-wrap">
      <div class="hot-area">
        <span class="hot">热门校区</span>
        <ul class="nav">
          <li><a target="_blank" href="http://bjcp.itheima.com/">北京</a> </li>
          <li><a target="_blank" href="http://sh.itheima.com/">上海</a> </li>
          <li><a target="_blank" href="http://gz.itheima.com/">广州</a> </li>
          <li><a target="_blank" href="http://sz.itheima.com/">深圳</a> </li>
        </ul>
      </div>
      <form class="info-form">
        <div class="area-box">
          <span class="title">地区选择</span>
          <select name="province" class="province">
            <option value="">省份</option>
          </select>
          <select name="city" class="city">
            <option value="">城市</option>
          </select>
          <select name="area" class="area">
            <option value="">地区</option>
          </select>
        </div>
        <div class="area-box">
          <span class="title">您的称呼</span>
          <input type="text" name="nickname" class="nickname"  value="播仔">
        </div>
        <div class="area-box">
          <span class="title">宝贵建议</span>
          <textarea type="text" name="feedback" class="feedback" placeholder="您对AJAX阶段课程宝贵的建议"></textarea>
        </div>
        <div class="area-box">
          <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary submit">
            确定提交
          </button>
        </div>
      </form>
    </div>
  </div>
  <script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/axios/1.2.0/axios.min.js"></script>
  <script src="./js/form-serialize.js"></script>
  <!-- 核心代码 -->
  <script src="./js/index.js"></script>
</body>

</html>

逻辑：

/**
 * 目标1：完成省市区下拉列表切换
 *  1.1 设置省份下拉菜单数据
 *  1.2 切换省份，设置城市下拉菜单数据，清空地区下拉菜单
 *  1.3 切换城市，设置地区下拉菜单数据
 */
// 1.1 设置省份下拉菜单数据
axios({
  url: 'http://hmajax.itheima.net/api/province'
}).then(result => {
  console.log(result)
  const optionStr = result.data.list.map(pname => `<option value="${pname}">${pname}</option>`).join('')
  // console.log(optionStr)
  document.querySelector('.province').innerHTML = `<option value="">省份</option>` + optionStr
})
// 1.2 切换省份，设置城市下拉菜单数据，清空地区下拉菜单
document.querySelector('.province').addEventListener('change', async e => {
  //获取到用户选择的省份名字
  console.log(e.target.value)
  const result = await axios({url: 'http://hmajax.itheima.net/api/city', params: {pname: e.target.value}})
  console.log(result)
  const optionStr = result.data.list.map(cname => `<option value="${cname}">${cname}</option>`).join('')
  console.log(optionStr)
  //把默认城市选项+下属城市数据插入select中
  document.querySelector('.city').innerHTML = `<option value="">城市</option>` + optionStr

  // 清空地区数据
  document.querySelector('.area').innerHTML = `<option value="">地区</option>`
})
// 1.3 切换城市，设置地区下拉菜单数据
document.querySelector('.city').addEventListener('change', async e => {
  console.log(e.target.value)
  const result = await axios({url: 'http://hmajax.itheima.net/api/area', params: {pname: document.querySelector('.province').value, cname: e.target.value}})
  console.log(result)
  const optionStr = result.data.list.map(aname => `<option value="${aname}">${aname}</option>`).join('')
  console.log(optionStr)
  document.querySelector('.area').innerHTML = `<option value="">地区</option>` + optionStr
})

/**
 * 目标2：收集数据提交保存
 *  2.1 监听提交的点击事件
 *  2.2 依靠插件收集表单数据
 *  2.3 基于axios提交保存，显示结果
 */
// 2.1 监听提交的点击事件
document.querySelector('.submit').addEventListener('click', async () => {
  // 2.2 依靠插件收集表单数据
  const form = document.querySelector('.info-form')
  const data = serialize(form, {hash: true, empty: true})
  console.log(data)
  // 2.3 基于axios提交保存，显示结果
  try{
    const result = await axios({
      url: 'http://hmajax.itheima.net/api/feedback',
      method: 'POST',
      data
    })
    console.log(result)
    alert(result.data.message)
  }catch(error){
    console.dir(error)
    alert(error.response.data.message)
  } 
})

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AJAX学习

AJAX1使浏览器和服务器之间通信，动态数据交互axios函数<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title>Document</title></head&
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