##一般在手机app中都会有上传图片作为头像的需求。虽然这个需求看起来挺简单,作为初学者实现起来却花了我不少时间,踩了很多坑,在这记录一下,以便下次忘记了
- 第一步怎加文件读写权限,和拍照权限,在AndroidMainifest中添加下列语句
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA" />2
- 第二步,在前面加入下列语句,方便全局使用
var realPathFromUri:String?=null//图片真实路径
var photo:Bitmap?=null//图片的bitmap
var imageUri: Uri? =null//图片的路径
//下列三个是拍照和从相册获取的标志
private val TAKE_PHOTO_REQUEST_TWO = 444
private val TAKE_PHOTO_REQUEST_ONE = 333
private val TAKE_PHOTO_REQUEST_THREE = 555
- 编写从相册获取图片函数,如下
private fun allPhoto() {
val intent = Intent()
intent.action = Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT
intent.type = "image/*"
startActivityForResult(intent, 111)
}
- 编写拍照函数,如下
private fun takephoto1() {
try {
imageUri = takePhoto(context as Activity, TAKE_PHOTO_REQUEST_THREE)
} catch (e: IOException) {
e.printStackTrace()
}
}
/**
* 拍照
*/
@Throws(IOException::class)
open fun takePhoto(mActivity: Activity, flag: Int): Uri? {
//指定拍照intent
val takePictureIntent = Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE)
var imageUri: Uri? = null
if (takePictureIntent.resolveActivity(mActivity.packageManager) != null) {
val sdcardState = Environment.getExternalStorageState()
var outputImage: File? = null
if (Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED == sdcardState) {
outputImage = TakePhotoUtils.createImageFile(mActivity)
Logger.d(outputImage.absolutePath)
} else {
Toast.makeText(
mActivity.applicationContext,
"内存异常",
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT
).show()
}
try {
if (outputImage!!.exists()) {
outputImage.delete()
}
outputImage.createNewFile()
} catch (e: IOException) {
e.printStackTrace()
}
if (outputImage != null) {
imageUri = context?.let {
FileProvider.getUriForFile(
it,
"com.wayeal.wateraffair.user.fileprovider",
outputImage
)
}
val intent = Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE)
startActivityForResult(intent, TAKE_PHOTO_REQUEST_TWO)
}
}
return imageUri
}
其中有个工具类是拍照的,代码如下
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Environment;
import android.provider.MediaStore;
import android.widget.Toast;
import androidx.core.content.FileProvider;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
public class TakePhotoUtils {
/**
* 拍照
*/
public static File createImageFile(Activity mActivity) throws IOException {
String timeStamp = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMdd_HHmmss").format(new Date());
String imageFileName = "JPEG_" + timeStamp;//创建以时间命名的文件名称
File storageDir = getOwnCacheDirectory(mActivity, "takephoto");//创建保存的路径
File image = new File(storageDir.getPath(), imageFileName + ".jpg");
if (!image.exists()) {
try {
//在指定的文件夹中创建文件
image.createNewFile();
} catch (Exception e) {
}
}
return image;
}
/**
* 根据目录创建文件夹
* @param context
* @param cacheDir
* @return
*/
public static File getOwnCacheDirectory(Context context, String cacheDir) {
File appCacheDir = null;
//判断sd卡正常挂载并且拥有权限的时候创建文件
if ( Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED.equals(Environment.getExternalStorageState()) && hasExternalStoragePermission(context)) {
appCacheDir = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(), cacheDir);
}
if (appCacheDir == null || !appCacheDir.exists() && !appCacheDir.mkdirs()) {
appCacheDir = context.getCacheDir();
}
return appCacheDir;
}
/**
* 检查是否有权限
* @param context
* @return
*/
private static boolean hasExternalStoragePermission(Context context) {
int perm = context.checkCallingOrSelfPermission("android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE");
return perm == 0;
}
}
- 重写onActivityResult函数,用于获取拍照或者从相册获取的图片路径,代码如下
override fun onActivityResult(requestCode: Int, resultCode: Int, data: Intent?) {
super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data)
when (requestCode) {
111, 222 -> {
if (resultCode == RESULT_CANCELED) {
Toast.makeText(
context,
"点击取消从相册选择",
Toast.LENGTH_LONG
).show()
return
}
try {
imageUri = data?.data
realPathFromUri = RealPathFromUriUtils.getRealPathFromUri(context, data!!.data)
upImage(1)
} catch (e: Exception) {
e.printStackTrace()
}
}
TAKE_PHOTO_REQUEST_ONE -> {
if (resultCode == RESULT_CANCELED) {
context?.let { delteImageUri(it, imageUri) }
Toast.makeText(
context,
"点击取消 拍照",
Toast.LENGTH_LONG
).show()
return
}
try {
//如果拍照图片过大会无法显示
val bitmap1 =
MediaStore.Images.Media.getBitmap(
context?.getContentResolver(),
imageUri
)
iconImage.setImageBitmap(bitmap1)
} catch (e: Exception) {
e.printStackTrace()
}
}
TAKE_PHOTO_REQUEST_TWO -> {
if (resultCode == RESULT_CANCELED) {
context?.let { delteImageUri(it, imageUri) }
return
}
photo = data?.getParcelableExtra<Bitmap>("data")
upImage(2)//这里可以调转上传图片到服务器
}
TAKE_PHOTO_REQUEST_THREE -> {
val bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(
imageUri!!.path,
getOptions(imageUri!!.path)
)
iconImage.setImageBitmap(bitmap)
}
else -> {
}
}
}
下列是上述重写函数需要的函数,目前第一个函数还没看懂啥意思,知道的可以告诉我一下,我也是从网上借鉴的代码
//个人理解把图片路径转bitmap
open fun getOptions(path: String?): BitmapFactory.Options? {
val options =
BitmapFactory.Options()
options.inJustDecodeBounds = true
BitmapFactory.decodeFile(path, options)
options.inPreferredConfig = Bitmap.Config.RGB_565
options.inSampleSize = 4 //此项参数可以根据需求进行计算
options.inJustDecodeBounds = false
return options
}
//删除图片url
open fun delteImageUri(context: Context, uri: Uri?) {
context.contentResolver.delete(uri!!, null, null)
}
- 上述代码用到了一个获取文件的真实路径工具类代码如下:
import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
import android.content.ContentUris;
import android.content.Context;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Build;
import android.provider.DocumentsContract;
import android.provider.MediaStore;
public class RealPathFromUriUtils {
/**
* 根据Uri获取图片的绝对路径
*
* @param context 上下文对象
* @param uri 图片的Uri
* @return 如果Uri对应的图片存在, 那么返回该图片的绝对路径, 否则返回null
*/
public static String getRealPathFromUri(Context context, Uri uri) {
int sdkVersion = Build.VERSION.SDK_INT;
if (sdkVersion >= 19) { // api >= 19
return getRealPathFromUriAboveApi19(context, uri);
} else { // api < 19
return getRealPathFromUriBelowAPI19(context, uri);
}
}
/**
* 适配api19以下(不包括api19),根据uri获取图片的绝对路径
*
* @param context 上下文对象
* @param uri 图片的Uri
* @return 如果Uri对应的图片存在, 那么返回该图片的绝对路径, 否则返回null
*/
private static String getRealPathFromUriBelowAPI19(Context context, Uri uri) {
return getDataColumn(context, uri, null, null);
}
/**
* 适配api19及以上,根据uri获取图片的绝对路径
*
* @param context 上下文对象
* @param uri 图片的Uri
* @return 如果Uri对应的图片存在, 那么返回该图片的绝对路径, 否则返回null
*/
@SuppressLint("NewApi")
private static String getRealPathFromUriAboveApi19(Context context, Uri uri) {
String filePath = null;
if (DocumentsContract.isDocumentUri(context, uri)) {
// 如果是document类型的 uri, 则通过document id来进行处理
String documentId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
if (isMediaDocument(uri)) { // MediaProvider
// 使用':'分割
String id = documentId.split(":")[1];
String selection = MediaStore.Images.Media._ID + "=?";
String[] selectionArgs = {id};
filePath = getDataColumn(context, MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, selection, selectionArgs);
} else if (isDownloadsDocument(uri)) { // DownloadsProvider
Uri contentUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(Uri.parse("content://downloads/public_downloads"), Long.valueOf(documentId));
filePath = getDataColumn(context, contentUri, null, null);
}
} else if ("content".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())) {
// 如果是 content 类型的 Uri
filePath = getDataColumn(context, uri, null, null);
} else if ("file".equals(uri.getScheme())) {
// 如果是 file 类型的 Uri,直接获取图片对应的路径
filePath = uri.getPath();
}
return filePath;
}
/**
* 获取数据库表中的 _data 列,即返回Uri对应的文件路径
*
* @return
*/
private static String getDataColumn(Context context, Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {
String path = null;
String[] projection = new String[]{MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA};
Cursor cursor = null;
try {
cursor = context.getContentResolver().query(uri, projection, selection, selectionArgs, null);
if (cursor != null && cursor.moveToFirst()) {
int columnIndex = cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(projection[0]);
path = cursor.getString(columnIndex);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
if (cursor != null) {
cursor.close();
}
}
return path;
}
/**
* @param uri the Uri to check
* @return Whether the Uri authority is MediaProvider
*/
private static boolean isMediaDocument(Uri uri) {
return "com.android.providers.media.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority());
}
/**
* @param uri the Uri to check
* @return Whether the Uri authority is DownloadsProvider
*/
private static boolean isDownloadsDocument(Uri uri) {
return "com.android.providers.downloads.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority());
}
}
- 以上代码在从拍照获取照片是用到了contentProvider,不知道的可以去了解一下,在AndroidMainifest中添加如下代码:
<provider
android:name="androidx.core.content.FileProvider"
android:authorities="com.wayeal.wateraffair.user.fileprovider"
android:exported="false"
android:grantUriPermissions="true">
<meta-data
android:name="android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS"
android:resource="@xml/file_paths" />
</provider>
并且在res文件夹下创建xml文件夹在创建,命名/file_paths
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<paths xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
<root-path name="external_files" path="."/>
</paths>
ok以上就是完整的实现从手机相册或者拍照实现头像上传,头像上传服务器和从服务器下载,根据项目自己实现,本人只是小白,记录自己的工作,欢迎各位大神指导改正,代码基本上都是网上借鉴的,然后自己改的,如有侵权麻烦通知我