自建服务器记录

1、申请公网IP
2、光猫设置桥接模式
3、设置地址转换(路由器当网关,公网代理到内网)
4、下载ubuntu镜像,清华大学源
5、通过UltraISO制作启动盘
ubuntu首次进入设置root用户密码
sudo passwd root

概念

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新增硬盘进行分区

在虚拟机上新增一块5G的硬盘,通过fdisk -l发现未分区
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注意,对于比较大的硬盘要使用GPT分区表格式,具体操作如下
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root@wxserver:~ =============	fdisk /dev/sdb  #对磁盘/dev/sdb进行分区

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.34).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table.
Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x2785301c.

Command (m for help): =============	n
Partition type
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): ============	p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): ==============
First sector (2048-10485759, default 2048): ===================
Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-10485759, default 10485759): 

Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 5 GiB.

Command (m for help): ===================	wp
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

root@wxserver:~ ================	pvdisplay 
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda3
  VG Name               ubuntu-vg
  PV Size               18.22 GiB / not usable 2.00 MiB
  Allocatable           yes (but full)
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              4665
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          4665
  PV UUID               eA30ga-5pez-3qLl-jjJJ-9zy5-ZFPz-PXGp6A
   
root@wxserver:~ ==================	pvcreate /dev/sdb1
  Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created.
root@wxserver:~ =====================	pvdisplay 
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda3
  VG Name               ubuntu-vg
  PV Size               18.22 GiB / not usable 2.00 MiB
  Allocatable           yes (but full)
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              4665
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          4665
  PV UUID               eA30ga-5pez-3qLl-jjJJ-9zy5-ZFPz-PXGp6A
   
  "/dev/sdb1" is a new physical volume of "<10.00 GiB"
  --- NEW Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sdb1
  VG Name               
  PV Size               <10.00 GiB
  Allocatable           NO
  PE Size               0   
  Total PE              0
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          0
  PV UUID               yntEDg-zNsQ-rB1E-7Uxt-zBxP-ep8N-GNGiru

root@wxserver:~ ====================	pvresize /dev/sdb1
  Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" changed
  1 physical volume(s) resized or updated / 0 physical volume(s) not resized
root@wxserver:~ ==========================	vgdisplay	查看vg名称
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               ubuntu-vg
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  4
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                1
  Open LV               1
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               18.22 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              4665
  Alloc PE / Size       4665 / 18.22 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       0 / 0   
  VG UUID               Ypjgyk-qPe9-K6f0-Pr14-AnCZ-f5lW-8swMgw
   
root@wxserver:~ ======================	lvdisplay	查看lv名称 
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv
  LV Name                ubuntu-lv
  VG Name                ubuntu-vg
  LV UUID                jRI8Np-ylL9-1wGW-3rv9-f2c2-6bJS-B8Mwf1
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time ubuntu-server, 2023-09-26 14:33:59 +0000
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                18.22 GiB
  Current LE             4665
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     256
  Block device           253:0
root@wxserver:~ ===========	vgextend ubuntu-vg /dev/sdb1 (vgextend <YourVGName>  <分区>)
  Volume group "ubuntu-vg" successfully extended
root@wxserver:~ =========	lvdisplay 
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv
  LV Name                ubuntu-lv
  VG Name                ubuntu-vg
  LV UUID                jRI8Np-ylL9-1wGW-3rv9-f2c2-6bJS-B8Mwf1
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time ubuntu-server, 2023-09-26 14:33:59 +0000
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                18.22 GiB
  Current LE             4665
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     256
  Block device           253:0
   
root@wxserver:~ =========	lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv        <YourVGName>/<YourLVName>
  Size of logical volume ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv changed from 18.22 GiB (4665 extents) to <28.22 GiB (7224 extents).
  Logical volume ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv successfully resized.
root@wxserver:~ ===========		resize2fs /dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv 
<YourVGName>/<YourLVName>
resize2fs 1.45.5 (07-Jan-2020)
Filesystem at /dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 3, new_desc_blocks = 4
The filesystem on /dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv is now 7397376 (4k) blocks long.



已有硬盘分区进行挂载

1、查看磁盘使用情况
df -h
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2、查看磁盘分区详细信息,发现sda3分区可以挂载
fdisk -l
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3、fdisk 磁盘名
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4、详情在这里插入图片描述
5、删除
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6、发现已被删除
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7、重新创建,磁盘柱起始位置和结束位置要保持一致,并且不要删除签名!!!(输入n)
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查看详情
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列出pv,发现没有

root@wxserver:~# pvdisplay 
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda3
  VG Name               ubuntu-vg
  PV Size               18.22 GiB / not usable 2.00 MiB
  Allocatable           yes (but full)
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              4665
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          4665
  PV UUID               eA30ga-5pez-3qLl-jjJJ-9zy5-ZFPz-PXGp6A
  ---------------------------------->此时还需要初始化 /dev/sdb3 为物理卷
root@wxserver:~# pvcreate /dev/sdb3
WARNING: ext4 signature detected on /dev/sdb3 at offset 1080. Wipe it? [y/n]: y
  Wiping ext4 signature on /dev/sdb3.
  Physical volume "/dev/sdb3" successfully created.
root@wxserver:~# pvdisplay 此时发现有了
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda3
  VG Name               ubuntu-vg
  PV Size               18.22 GiB / not usable 2.00 MiB
  Allocatable           yes (but full)
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              4665
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          4665
  PV UUID               eA30ga-5pez-3qLl-jjJJ-9zy5-ZFPz-PXGp6A
   
  "/dev/sdb3" is a new physical volume of "<2.00 GiB"
  --- NEW Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sdb3
  VG Name               
  PV Size               <2.00 GiB
  Allocatable           NO
  PE Size               0   
  Total PE              0
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          0
  PV UUID               aQ8CRc-sAIF-Q94q-IA4S-aMZV-8hHZ-jS3sZl


刷新pv空间

root@wxserver:~# pvdisplay	#先列出pv
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda3
  VG Name               ubuntu-vg
  PV Size               <18.23 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
  Allocatable           yes 
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              4665
  Free PE               2105
  Allocated PE          2560
  PV UUID               eA30ga-5pez-3qLl-jjJJ-9zy5-ZFPz-PXGp6A
  root@wxserver:~# pvresize /dev/sda3  #调用pvresize进行刷新
  Physical volume "/dev/sda3" changed
  1 physical volume(s) resized or updated / 0 physical volume(s) not resized
root@wxserver:~# pvdisplay   #再次查看pv大小 发现pv大小已经正常
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda3
  VG Name               ubuntu-vg
  PV Size               18.22 GiB / not usable 2.00 MiB
  Allocatable           yes 
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              4665
  Free PE               2105
  Allocated PE          2560
  PV UUID               eA30ga-5pez-3qLl-jjJJ-9zy5-ZFPz-PXGp6A


为lv增加空间
对pv扩容完成后,会发现lv的空间依旧没有增加,此时需要扩展lv大小,使用lvextend:

root@wxserver:~# lvdisplay	 #列出lv信息 发现lv空间没有增加
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv
  LV Name                ubuntu-lv
  VG Name                ubuntu-vg
  LV UUID                jRI8Np-ylL9-1wGW-3rv9-f2c2-6bJS-B8Mwf1
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time ubuntu-server, 2023-09-26 14:33:59 +0000
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                10.00 GiB
  Current LE             2560
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     256
  Block device           253:0
  root@wxserver:~# lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv #所有的都扩容到根目录
  Size of logical volume ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv changed from 10.00 GiB (2560 extents) to 18.22 GiB (4665 extents).
  Logical volume ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv successfully resized.
root@wxserver:~# lvdisplay	#再次列出lv信息 发现lv空间已经增加
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv
  LV Name                ubuntu-lv
  VG Name                ubuntu-vg
  LV UUID                jRI8Np-ylL9-1wGW-3rv9-f2c2-6bJS-B8Mwf1
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time ubuntu-server, 2023-09-26 14:33:59 +0000
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                18.22 GiB
  Current LE             4665
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     256
  Block device           253:0


对lv扩容完成后,会发现根目录的空间依旧没有增加,此时需要刷新根目录大小,使用resize2fs

root@wxserver:~# df -h	#发现/根目录空间还是没有增加
Filesystem                         Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev                               926M     0  926M   0% /dev
tmpfs                              195M  1.4M  193M   1% /run
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv  9.8G  4.5G  4.9G  48% /
tmpfs                              971M     0  971M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                              5.0M     0  5.0M   0% /run/lock
tmpfs                              971M     0  971M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda2                          1.8G  108M  1.5G   7% /boot
/dev/loop0                          92M   92M     0 100% /snap/lxd/24061
/dev/loop1                          64M   64M     0 100% /snap/core20/1828
/dev/loop2                          50M   50M     0 100% /snap/snapd/18357
tmpfs                              195M     0  195M   0% /run/user/1000
root@wxserver:~# resize2fs /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv	#使用resize2fs进行刷新
resize2fs 1.45.5 (07-Jan-2020)
Filesystem at /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 2, new_desc_blocks = 3
The filesystem on /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv is now 4776960 (4k) blocks long.

root@wxserver:~# df -h	#再次查看,发现/根目录空间已经增加
Filesystem                         Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev                               926M     0  926M   0% /dev
tmpfs                              195M  1.4M  193M   1% /run
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv   18G  4.5G   13G  27% /
tmpfs                              971M     0  971M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                              5.0M     0  5.0M   0% /run/lock
tmpfs                              971M     0  971M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda2                          1.8G  108M  1.5G   7% /boot
/dev/loop0                          92M   92M     0 100% /snap/lxd/24061
/dev/loop1                          64M   64M     0 100% /snap/core20/1828
/dev/loop2                          50M   50M     0 100% /snap/snapd/18357
tmpfs                              195M     0  195M   0% /run/user/1000

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