一、复习回顾
1.python查看代码异常、处理异常(try-except语句)
二、异常
主要用法,具体在后面…
1.try-except-else语句
例1:
>>> try :
1/0
except:
print("逮到了")
else:
print("没逮到")
逮到了
例2:
>>> try :
1/1
except:
print("逮到了")
else:
print("没逮到")
1.0
没逮到
2.try-except-else-finally语句
例3:
>>> try :
1/1
except:
print("逮到了")
else:
print("没逮到")
finally :
print("逮没逮到都会知会一声")
1.0
没逮到
逮没逮到都会知会一声
例4:
>>> try :
1/0
except:
print("逮到了")
else:
print("没逮到")
finally :
print("逮没逮到都会知会一声")
逮到了
逮没逮到都会知会一声
3.try-except-finally语句
例5:出没出错文件都能正确地被关闭,和之前的with上下文管理器是一样的。
>>> try:
f=open("FishC,txt","w")
f.write("I love FishC")
except:
print("出错了")
finally :
f.close()
12
4.try-finally语句
例6:语句为真会一直执行下去,ctrl+c退出
>>> try:
while True:
pass
finally:
print("晚安")
晚安
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#38>", line 3, in <module>
pass
KeyboardInterrupt
5.异常嵌套
例7:
>>> try :
try:
520+"FishC"
except:
print("内部异常")
1/0
except:
print("外部异常")
finally:
print("收尾工作")
内部异常
外部异常
收尾工作
例8:
>>> try :
1/0
try:
520+"FishC"
except:
print("内部异常")
except:
print("外部异常")
finally:
print("收尾工作")
外部异常
收尾工作
6.raise语句
触发异常的语句或者表达式,那么异常才会发生,即raise语句。
例9:
>>> raise ValueError("值不正确")
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#55>", line 1, in <module>
raise ValueError("值不正确")
ValueError: 值不正确
>>> raise FishCError("小甲鱼说你不行你就不行")
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#57>", line 1, in <module>
raise FishCError("小甲鱼说你不行你就不行")
NameError: name 'FishCError' is not defined
例10:
>>> try :
1/0
except :
raise ValueError("这样可不行")
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#63>", line 2, in <module>
1/0
ZeroDivisionError: division by zero
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#63>", line 4, in <module>
raise ValueError("这样可不行")
ValueError: 这样可不行
6.1 异常链
异常链就是在raise后面加上from
例11:
>>> raise ValueError("这样可不行") from ZeroDivisionError
ZeroDivisionError
The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#65>", line 1, in <module>
raise ValueError("这样可不行") from ZeroDivisionError
ValueError: 这样可不行
7.assert语句
assert语句和raise类似,都是主动引发异常,但assert语句只能引发一个叫做AssertionError的异常。
例12:
相当于if语句的判断
>>> s="FishC"
>>> assert s=="FishC"
>>> assert s!="FishC"
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#71>", line 1, in <module>
assert s!="FishC"
AssertionError
8.利用异常来实现goto
通过异常可以另辟蹊径,从嵌套语句中跳出来
例13:
>>> try:
while True:
while True:
for i in range(10):
if i>3:
raise
print(i)
print("被跳过")
print("被跳过")
print("被跳过")
except:
print("到这来了")
0
1
2
3
到这来了