Linux通过pyenv安装python3.10.13具体步骤

Linux通过pyenv安装python，解决缺少库报错

一、安装pyenv

• 下载源码（通过git下载源码）

  将源码下载到用户目录下方的隐藏文件夹./pyenv

git clone https://github.com/yyuu/pyenv.git ~/.pyenv

• 安装目录结构（/home/用户名/.pyenv）（cache为后加的目录）

  

• 添加用户环境变量

1. 打开用户目录的隐藏Shell配置文件（/home/用户名/.bashrc）

2. 写入以下配置

 # 下面是pyenv的设置
 export PYENV_ROOT="$HOME/.pyenv"
 export PATH="$PYENV_ROOT/libexec:$PATH"
 eval "$(pyenv init --path)"

3. 验证

#重启shell
source ~/.bashrc
#验证输入
pyenv -v
#输出
pyenv 2.3.29

至此pyenv安装完毕。

二、安装python3.10.13

• 方法一：直接运行以下代码。（速度较慢）

pyenv install 3.10.13

• 方法二：从python官网下载可能有点慢。直接从镜像或者其他地方将下载好的Python-3.10.13.tar.xz。放置到pyenv根目录下新建的cache文件内即可。（没有cache目录，新建即可）然后再运行pyenv install 3.10.13，就可以自动跳过下载，直接安装。

用户名@用户名:~/.pyenv/cache$ pwd
/home/用户名/.pyenv/cache
用户名@用户名:~/.pyenv/cache$ ls
Python-3.10.13.tar.xz
用户名@用户名:~/.pyenv/cache$ pyenv install
Installing Python-3.10.13...

三、安装报WARNING，缺少_bz2、_sqlite3等库

ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_bz2'
WARNING: The Python bz2 extension was not compiled. Missing the bzip2 lib?

ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_curses'
WARNING: The Python curses extension was not compiled. Missing the ncurses lib?

ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'readline'
WARNING: The Python readline extension was not compiled. Missing the GNU readline lib?

ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_sqlite3'
WARNING: The Python sqlite3 extension was not compiled. Missing the SQLite3 lib?

ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_tkinter'
WARNING: The Python tkinter extension was not compiled and GUI subsystem has been detected. Missing the Tk toolkit?

ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_lzma'
WARNING: The Python lzma extension was not compiled. Missing the lzma lib?

原因：Linux缺少对应的库文件，进行对应的安装就行。

sudo apt-get install libbz2-dev
sudo apt-get install libncurses5-dev
sudo apt-get install libreadline-dev tk-dev
sudo apt-get install libsqlite3-dev
sudo apt-get install python3-tk tk-dev
sudo apt-get install liblzma-dev

//或者一行
sudo apt-get install libbz2-dev libncurses5-dev libreadline-dev tk-dev libsqlite3-dev python3-tk tk-dev liblzma-dev

然后再将python3.10.13卸载，重装

用户名@用户名:~$ pyenv uninstall 3.10.13
pyenv: remove /home/用户名/.pyenv/versions/3.10.13? [y|N] y
pyenv: 3.10.13 uninstalled
用户名@用户名:~$ pyenv install 3.10.13
Installing Python-3.10.13...
Installed Python-3.10.13 to /home/用户名/.pyenv/versions/3.10.13