面向对象设计模式之最小知识原则(PLK)

一、基本介绍

• Principle of least knowledge or Law of Demeter (LoD)，最小知识原则or迪米特法则
  • Each unit should have only limited knowledge about other units，only units “closely” related to the current unit.
  • Each unit should only talk to its friends; don’t talk to strangers.
  • Only talk to your immediate friends.
• In a design, avoid coupling of too many classes (避免太多类的耦合). Otherwise, the modification of one part of system will affect other parts.
  • 太多类的耦合会导致
    • Fragility (脆弱) – make it easy to break, high cost to maintane.
    • Too complex to understand.
• Advantages
  • The resulting software(software using PLK) tends to be more maintainable and adaptable.
• Disadvantages
  • Have to write many wrapper methods to propagate calls to components.(必须编写许多包装器方法来向组件传播调用)
  • In some cases, this can add noticeable time and space overhead.(在某些情况下，这会增加明显的时间和空间开销)