情态动词的用法

1、can/could

• can/could表示能力，用be able to代替，can/could现在/过去的能力客观可能性（can的可能性大），表示请求和允许。
• 例句
  1. He can/could/is able to swim.
  2. He can/could come tomorrow.
  3. can/could（比较委婉） I stay here?

2、may/might

• may//might表示可能性，（may的可能性大）请求，允许（might更委婉）。
• 口语中常用的回答：
  1. Yes，please.
  2. No，you can‘t/mustn’t（禁止，不准）.
• 例句：
  1. He may/might come here by bus.
  2. May/might I join you?
     回答：
     1. Yes,please.
     2. No,you can’t.
     3. No,you mustn’t

3、must/have to

• must/have to 表示必须、必要（must表示主观多一些，而have to 则表示客观多一些）。have to有时态和数量的变化。
• must和have to二者的否定意义不大相同。
  如：
  1. You mustn’t go. //你不准去
  2. You don’t have to go. //你不必去
• 例句：
  1. You must get up early.
  2. It’s going to rain，I have to go home now.

4、should/ought to

• should/ought表示劝告、建议命令，should强调主观看法，而ought to强调客观要求。在疑问句中，通常用should代替ought to.
• 例句：
  1. You should/ ought to do the job right now.
  2. Should they stay here now.

5、need

• need（需要）：
  1. 情态动词；
  2. 实意动词，有第三人称单数和时态的变化后面课加带to的不定式。

5.1、情态动词

• 例句：
  1. He need come here early.
  2. He needn’t come here early.
  3. Need he come here early？
     回答： Yes，he need./No，he needn’t.

5.2、实意动词

• 例句：
  1. He needs to come here early.
  2. He doesn’t needs to come here early.
  3. Does he need to come here early?
     回答：Yes，he does. No,he doesn’t。

5.3、don’t have to

• 回答must和have to的提问句时，否定式使用needn't，don't have to等回答方式。
• 例句：
  1. Must I come here early tomorrow?
     回答：No，you needn’t./No,you don’t have to.

6、had better

• had better表示“最好做某事”，had虽然是过去式，但不表示过去，better后面接动词原形。
• 否定形式为：had better not+动词原形。
• 例句：
  1. He had better eat more.
  2. You’d better finish it right now.
  3. He had better not eat more.

7、would rather

• would rather 表示“宁愿、宁可、最好、还是···为好”，语感上比“had better”要轻。
• 否定形式为：would rather not+动词原形。
• 例句：
  1. You would rather deal with it now.
  2. You would rather not deal with it now.

8、user to/would

• used to/would表示过去习惯性动作，可翻译为“过去常常···”。
  1. used to可指过去的状态或情况，would则不能。
     The novel used to be popular.
  2. would表示反复发生的动作。如果某一动作没有反复性，就不能用would，只能用used to。
     He would practise English every week.
     I used to live in Beijing.
• used to表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作或状态现在已经结束，would则表示有可能再发生。
• 例句：
  1. People used to believe that the earthe was flat.
  2. He would go to the park as soon as he was free.

9、情态动词否定和疑问

9.1、情态动词的否定

• 情态动词+not+动词原形
• 例句：
  1. He can’t sing an English song.
  2. He may not know her.
  3. He mustn’t go there.
  4. He doesn’t have to go there.

9.2、情态动词的提问

• 情态动词+主语+动词原形
• 例句：
  1. can he sing an English song? 回答：Yes,he can./No,he can’t.
  2. Must he go there? 回答：Yes,he must./No,he needn’t.
  3. Does he have to go there? 回答：Yes,he does./No,he doesn’t.

10、情态动词+have+p.p

• 情态动词+have+p.p
  1. 表示过去事实。
  2. 推测的含义。
  3. 助动词should例外
• 例句：
  1. He must have arrived.
  2. He can/could have arrived.
  3. He may/might have arrived.
• should+have+p.p：本应该…；needn’t have+p.p：本不需要···；
• 例句：
  1. He sould have arrived.
  2. They should have finished the work.
  3. You needn’t have done so.
• must have p.p:准是已经···；can’t have p.p：不可能已经···
• 例句：
  1. He must have arrived.
  2. He can’g have arrived.