英语词法——动词

       动词是表示动作或状态的词,是构成句子的核心部分。动词具有时态、语态、语气和非谓语等形式。动词和名词、代词一样,也有人称和数的变化,一般来说谓语动词的人称和数都应与主语的人称和数保持一致。简单来说,根据句法功能,动词分为谓语动词非谓语动词。非谓语动词包括to do(动词不定式)、-ing(现在分词和动名词)以及-ed(表示过去分词的done),会在后面详细学习,其他剩余为谓语动词:包括动词原形及各种时态的动词。

第一节 动词的基本形式

英语中的动词有5种基本形式,即动词原型、一般现在时第三人称单数形式、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。规则动词的五种形式如下表所示:

原形

一般现在时

第三人称单数

过去式过去分词现在分词
playplaysplayedplayedplaying
palnplansplannedplannedplanning
workworksworkedworkedworking
studystudiesstudiedstudiedstudying

一、一般现在时的第三人称单数变化形式

当主语是第三人称单数,时态为一般现在时时,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式,即在词尾加-s或者-s。

例如:
She studies hard.
她学习刻苦。
He works every day.
他每天上班。

具体的构成形式如下:

1、通常在动词词尾加-s,在清辅音后读/s/,在元音或浊辅音后读/z/,例如:

write—writes            play—plays
leave-leaves            work—works

2、词尾以s,sh,ch,x或o结尾的词加-es,读作/iz/(以o结尾的动词变化后,-es读作/z/),例如:

watch-watches           finish—finishes
catch—catches          go—goes

3、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词,变y为i再加es,读作/z/,例如:

try-tries    study-studies    carry-carries

二、动词的过去式和过去分词的构成

动词的过去式主要用来构成一般过去时,过去分词主要用来构成现在完成时、过去完成时和被动语态。具体的构成形式如下:

1、一般情况下在动词词尾加-ed,例如:

look-looked-looked     work-worked-worked

2、词尾为不发音的字母-e时,直接加-d,例如:

live-lived-lived     like-liked-liked

3、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,将y变为i再加-ed,例如:

try-tried-tried      study-studied-studied

4、以重读闭音节结尾,且词尾只有一个辅音字母的,双写词尾辅音字母后加-ed,例如:

plan-planned-planned          stop-stopped-stopped

5、有些动词的过去式、过去分词的变化不按上述规则,而有其特殊的形式。这种不规则动词形式可分为三类。

(1)第一类:不规则动词的原形、过去式、过去分词三种形式同形,例如:

cost-cost-cost    hit-hit-hit   hurt-hurt-hurt

(2)第二类:不规则动词的过去式与过去分词同形,例如:

find-found-found   buy-bought-bought    catch-caught-caught

(3)第三类:不规则动词的原形、过去式和过去分词均不相同,例如:

begin-began-begun   break-broke-broken    give-gave-given

上面所给出的不规则动词只是其中的一部分,常用不规则动词的三种形式已列于文末的附录中,供读者查阅。

第二节 及物动词和不及物动词

       谓语动词按照句法功能来分,可以分为实义动词、连系动词、助动词和情态动词。其中实义动词是指具有完整意义,可以单独做谓语的动词,主要表示主语的动作、状态和品质。也可以与助动词相结合,表示更加复杂的动词意义。实义动词主要包括及物动词和不及物动词。

一、及物动词

       及物动词指的是后面能直接跟宾语的动词。英语中的动词大部分都是及物动词,它后面若不跟宾语则意思不完整;及物动词有被动结构。及物动词可以分为跟单宾语的及物动词,跟双宾语的及物动词和跟复合宾语的及物动词等。

1、跟单宾语的及物动词:跟一个宾语的动词称为单宾语动词。例如:

The girl studies math very hard.(+单语)
那个女孩学习数学很努力。
Remember, if you want to change the world, you need to change yourself at first.(+单宾语)
记住,如果你想改变世界的话,你需要首先改变自己。

常见的可以跟单宾语的及物动词有:
accept接受        guess猜测                  discover发现         enjoy喜欢
put放置              interest使感兴趣        cover覆盖              surprise使惊讶
forget忘记          finish 完成                 bury埋                    worry使烦恼

2、跟双宾语的及物动词:双宾语中的一个宾语指人,称为间接宾语;一个宾语指物,称为直接宾语。双宾语中通常间接宾语在前,直接宾语在后。有时,间接宾语也可放在直接宾语后面,但是需要加上介词to或for。例如:

Yesterday he gave me some apples.(动词+间接宾语+直接宾语)
昨天他给了我一些苹果。
Mary bought a book for me as the birthday gift. (动词+直接宾语+for+间接宾语)
玛丽给我买了一本书作为生日礼物。
My friend lent some money to me(动词+直接宾语+ to +间接宾语)
我的朋友借给了我一些钱。

常见的“间接宾语位于直接宾语后,需要加介词to”的动词有:

give给                  bring带来                  lend借给
offer提供              promise答应             return返还
show展示             teach教                    tell告诉

常见的“间接宾语位于直接宾语后,需要加介词for”的动词有:

find发现                 choose选择                 design设计
keep保留               paint绘画                     buy购买
cook烹饪               book预订                     order点菜

3、跟复合宾语的及物动词:有些动词只跟一个宾语不完整,在宾语之后必须再加上宾语补足语,来补充说明性质、状态等。其中,宾语补足语可以是形容词(短语)、名词(短语)、不定式、现在分词、过去分词、副词或介词(短语)等。例如:

Our math teacher always makes her class interesting. (动词+宾语 +形容词)
我们的数学老师总让她的课堂富于趣味。
We consider him a naughty boy. (动词+宾语+名词)
我们认为他是一个淘气的男孩。
The doctor asked me to have a good rest.(动词+宾语+不定式)
医生让我好好休息。
Could you hear someone playing the violin next door? (动词+宾语+现在分词)
你能听到隔壁有人在拉小提琴吗?

二、不及物动词

       本身意义完整,后面不需要跟宾语的动词称作不及物动词。不及物动词没有被动结构。不及物动词有时后面可以和介词一起使用,这时其后可以跟宾语。例如:

I waited for her for three hours, but she didn't appear.
我等了她三个小时,但是她没有出现。
She only worried about her son. (不及物动词+介词+宾语)
她只担心她的儿子。

常见的不及物动词有:
come来                       go去                 run
rise升起,站起来       cry哭                 stand
walk 走                       die死                  fall掉落
lie躺                          appear出现        arrive到达

第三节  连系动词

       连系动词本身有词义,但是它不能单独充当谓语,后面必须跟表语构成系表结构,说明主语的状态、性质、特征、身份或结果等。常见的连系动词有:

be是                    come变成                    prove证明是                   become变成
appear看上去      look看上去                  sound听起来                  smell闻起来
seem好像是        grow变成                     turn变成                         keep保持

具体可以分类为:

一、连系动词be

Be动词是最基本的连系动词,用来表示主语的性质、状态和身份等:Be动词一般现在时态有am,is,are,例如:

He is a good teacher.
他是一位好老师。(用于表示主语的身份)
Their friends are very tired after a day's work.
他们的朋友工作一天后很累。(用于表示主语的状态)

二、表示感官的连系动词

常用来表示感官的连系动词有look(看起来),taste(尝起来),feel(摸起来),smell(闻起来)和sound(听起来)等。例如:

This piece of song sounds very soft.
这首歌听起来很轻柔。
This kind of cloth feels rough.
这种布料摸起来很粗糙。

三、表示状态或状态变化的连系动词

像是seem(似乎),grow(断变得),stay(継纹处于…状态),go(变成), become(开始变得),get(成为),keep(保持)等连系动词,可用于表示事物状态或状态的变化过程。例如:

The leaves have turned red.
树叶变红了。
The country is getting richer and richer.
这个国家的财富日益积累。

第四节  助动词

助动词本身无意义,只能和它后面的动词一起作为谓语,用来帮助构成句子时态、语态、否定句、疑问句和简略回答。常见的助动词有以下4种:
(1) be (is, am, are, was, were, being, been)
(2) have (has,had, having)
(3) do (does, did, doing)
(4) shall、 will (should, would)

助动词的用法如下:

一、与实义动词连用,构成除一般现在时和一般过去时之外的各种时态。

例如:
She is playing with her toys.
她正在玩玩具。(构成进行时态)
I have been living here for five years.
我已经在这里住了五年了。(构成完成时态)
We shall have a meeting tomorrow.
我们明天要开个会。(构成将来时态)
They are discussing how to solve the problem.
他们正在讨论如何解决这个问题。(构成进行时态)
He has taught for thirty years.
他教书已经三十年了。(构成完成时态)
We shall have lived here for ten years by the time of the next year.
到明年这个时候,我们在这里就已经住了10年了。(构成将来完成
时态)

二、与过去分词连用,构成被动语态。

例如:
The car was made in China.
这辆汽车是中国制造的。
The project will be begun next week.
工程将于下周开始动工。
They were told the matter yesterday.
他们昨天才得知这件事情。
John has been sent to Los Angeles for two years.
约翰已经被送到洛杉矶两年了。

三、构成否定句和疑问句。

例如:
I don't like the smell.
我不喜欢这个气味。
He didn't answer the questions raised by the teacher.
他没有回答出老师提出的问题。
Do you often go to the library?
你经常去图书馆吗?
Did you go to the theatre yesterday?
你昨天去剧院了吗?
Don’t read books under the sun!
别在太阳底下读书!

四、可放在实义动词之前,用于加强语气。

例如:
I do feel that way.
我的确有那种感觉。
They think I didn't read the novel, but I did read.
他们认为我没有读过那本小说,但我确实读了。
The letter we were expecting never did arrive.
我们期待的信件一直还没有到。

五、用于替代已出现的动词,以避免重复。

例如:
He can sing as well as she does. (=as well as she sings)
他唱得跟她一样好。
I thought she would come, but she didn't. (=but she didn't come)
我原以为她会来,但却没来。
—Do you mind if I open the window?
—No, please do. (=please open the window)

—你介意我打开窗户吗?
一不,请打开吧。

六、助动词had,should,would等与实义动词连用构成各种虚拟语气。

例如:
If I had known your telephone number, I would have called you.
如果我当时知道你的电话号码,我就给你打电话了。
We shouldn't have made it without your help.
没有你的帮助,我们就不会成功。

第五节 情态动词

        情态动词用于表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气,如需要、可能或意愿等。情态动词本身有一定的词义,且大多数情态动词有多个意义,如can表示“能够,可以;可能”等。情态动词不能单独做谓语,可以和其他谓语动词连用表示委婉语气、对行为的愿望、态度或推测等意义。情态动词无人称和数的变化(have to除外),但有些情态动词有过去式。

一、情态动词的种类

英语的情态动词有下列几种:
can, could          must, need, have to                 may, might
ought to              will, shall, would, should          dare, dared

二、can和could的用法

1.can表示能力,往往指天生或学到的能力,即“能够,会”。其中can表示现在的能力,could表示过去的能力。

例如:
She can speak several foreign languages.
她能说好几国外语。
The lecture couldn't be understood by anyone present.
在场的人谁也理解不了这场演讲。

2.can表示请求许可或给予许可,与may的意思相近,但口语中多用can。

例如:
People can't smoke in public places.
人们不能在公众场合吸烟。
You can call me after six o'clock this afternoon.
今天下午六点之后你可以给我打电话。
I could borrow my father's car whenever I liked.
我随时可以借我父亲的汽车。

3. can表示可能性,其中表示此意的can是“理论上的可能性”,如果表示的是实际上的可能性,则使用could或may。

例如:
Even experienced teachers can make mistakes
即使是经验丰富的教师也可能会犯错误。
Our club's finances can be improved.
我们俱乐部的财务状况有待改善。(指尚有问题存在)
Our club's finances may be improved.
我们俱乐部的财务状况或许可以改善。(已经有了改善的提案)
It could be better to stay here.
或许待在这里比较好。

4. can和could可用来表示推测。can和could表示推测的这一用法通常用于否定句或疑问句当中,表示对现在、将来及过去的情况进行否定的推测。通常有两种形式:
(1)表示对现在或未来的情况进行否定的推测,其结构为“can't(couldn't)+原形动词”或“can't(couldn't)+be+现在分词”。
(2)表示对已经发生的情况进行推测,结构为:can't (couldn't) +have+过去分词。

例如:
He can't be in the living room right now, for the light is out.
他现在不会在客厅里,因为灯是关着的。
She couldn't make mistakes on this matter.
在这个问题上她不该犯错误。
She can't have gone to school. We have no school today.
她不可能到学校去,今天我们学校放假。
He couldn't have said such a thing.
他应该不会说出这种话的。

5.can用于一些固定搭配中。

例如:
I can't help but cry.
我忍不住哭了起来。(can't help but do sth.忍不住做某事)
You can't be too careful when crossing the street.
过马路时再怎么小心也不过分。(can't…too…再…也不为过,越…越好)
I can but do my best.
我只好尽全力了。(can but do只能,只好)

另外,can (could)与be able to都可以表示“能够”,它们之间用法的区别是:
(1)在表示能力时,can和be able to可以互换使用。

例如:
I can (am able to) speak French.
我会说法语。
She could (was able to) read novels when she was four years old.
她四岁时就能看小说了。

(2)在表示已经“设法或成功做了某事”时,用was(were) able to,不用could。

例如:
He wouldn't like to go with me at first, but I was able to persuade him.
起初他不愿意和我一起去,但是我最终说服了他。
He was able to pass the exam as a result of hard work.
由于努力学习,他终于通过了考试。

三、may和might的用法

1.may和might表示许可。常用于陈述句或疑问句中,意为“可以……,做……也可”。在请求对方许可时,may和might没有时间上的区别,只是might比may在语气上更加委婉。其否定形式为may not,也可用mustn't。

例如:
You may use my dictionary.
你可以用我的词典。
—May I borrow your car?
—No, you may not.

—我可以借你的车吗?
一不可以。
My boss told me I might have a holiday.
老板对我说我可以休假。
Might I come to see you?
我可以来看你吗?

2. may和might表示可能性和姆测~和…的t在表示可能性、推测时意为“也许,可能,大概”通请用年情定句中。具体有两种用法:
(1)表示对现在或未来情况进行推测。其结构为:“may(might)+原形动词”或“may(might)+be+现在分词”。
(2)表示对已经发生的情况进行推测,其结构为:“may (might)+have+过去分词”。

例如:
Such an experienced teacher may sometimes make mistakes.
经验这么丰富的老师有时也可能会出差错。
They are ready for a strong earthauake which might occur.
他们对可能发生的大地震已经有所防备。
He may be having a meeting now.
也许他现在正在开会。
I thought my uncle might have missed the train.
我想我的叔叔可能错过了火车。
I guess they might have known the matter earlier.
我想他们可能早都知道那件事了。

注意may 有时也可以用在否定句中,这时 not 不是否定 may 的,而是否定句子里的动词。

例如:
She may not know the truth.
她可能不知道那件事。
She may not have known about the matter.
她可能还不知道那件事。

3.may提前,用以表示祝愿。

例如:
May you have a merry Christmas!
祝你圣诞节快乐!
Long may she live to enjoy her good fortune!
愿她长寿幸福!

四、must和have to 的用法

1. must通常用于肯定句或疑问

你们必须试着解决那个问题。
You must talk to your son about his future.
你必须跟你的儿子谈谈他的前途。
—Must I do it right now?
—Yes, you must. (No, you needn't)

一我必须现在就做吗?
一对,必须现在就做。(不,不必马上做)。

2. must与not连用,表示禁止,用于否定句。

例如:
You must not speak ill of others.
你不可以说别人的坏话。
She must not leave her room.
她不允许离开她的房间。

3. must可用于肯定句表示对现在、将来或过去的情况进行推测。通常有两种形式:
(1)表示对现在或未来情况进行肯定的推测,其结构为:“must+原形动词”或“must+be+现在分词”。
(2)表示对已经发生的情况进行肯定的推测,其结构为:“must+have+过去分词”

例如:
He must be having a meeting now.
他现在一定是在开会。
He must dislike such kind of dishes.
他肯定不喜欢这种菜。
It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.
昨晚一定下雨了,因为地上是湿的。
No one answers the phone. They must have already gone out.
电话没人接,他们一定出去了。

have to和must作情态动词用时,意思很接近,但含义有所不同。must表示“必须”,通常着重于说话者的主观看法,认为有义务、有必要
去做某事;have to着重干表示安观的零要 令有“不得不”的意思。

例如:
You must be back by 4 p.m.
你必须下午四点以前回来。(表示命令)
You have to back by 4 p.m.
你得下午四点以前回来。(客观需要)

5.从形式上来看,must只有一种形式,可用于现在时和过去时(多用间接引语中),而have to却有4种形式,即:have/has to, had to. will/shall have to,would/should have to,可用于现在时、过去时,将来时和过去将来时。

例如:
He said he would have to (must) get his entry visa for America.
他说他得去办理去美国的入境签证。
She had to return before Saturday.
她得在周六以前回来。
I haven't any money with me, so I'll have to borrow some from my friends.
我没钱了,只好向朋友借一点。

五、need和dare的用法

这两个词作情态动词用时,无人称变化,只用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。
1.含义上need表示“需要”,dare表示“敢于”。

例如:
I need hardly tell you to which group I belong.
我无须告诉你我属于哪个小组。
Need I offer you more information?
需要我提供更多信息吗? 式
I don't know whether Mary dare try.
我不知道玛丽是否敢试试。
Dare you go there alone?
你敢一个人去那儿吗?

2. need可与完成时连用,表示“过去做了某事,但事实上没有必要做”。其形式为:“needn't+have+过去分词”。

例如:
David needn't have told the lie.
大卫没必要撒谎。(事实上却撒谎了)
I need not have got up so early.
我本来没必要那么早起床的。(但事实上已早起床)
She needn’t have bought the dress.
你没必要买那件衣服。(但她却买了)

3.need和dare也可用作实义动词。作实义动词用时,要注意人称和时态的变化,后面跟不定式,可用于各种结构。

例如:
His suggestion needed to be taken into consideration.
务必要考虑他的建议。
She dares to speak before a big audience.
她敢在许多人面前讲话。
A fence needs the support of the three stakes, doesn't it?
一个篱笆要有三个桩,不是吗?
I have never dared to tell her about it.
我一直不敢把这事告诉她。
She did not dare to take up the task alone.
她不敢独自一个人承担这项任务。

4.dare作实义动词时,其疑问句或否定句后面的不定式符号常省略。

例如:
Does the little girl dare (to) enter that house in the darkness?
那个小女孩敢走进那个漆黑的房子吗?
He didn't dare (to) disobey his orders.
他不敢不服从他的命令。

六、will 和would的用法

1.表示主语的强烈意志或主张,章为“不论如何总要……”。will可表示主语现在或经常性的情况,而would表示主语过去的情况。

例如:
我的孩子总是不听我的话。
I will marry you whatever happens.
不论发生什么事,我都要和你结婚。
His father was angry because his son wouldn't obey him.
他父亲很生气,因为儿子不听他的话。
That manager would have his own way.
那位经理总是一意孤行。

2.will作情态动词用时,表示将来的意志、意愿。

例如:
I'll send photos to you soon.
我很快就会把照片寄给你。
I shall be glad if you will help me.
如果你愿意帮助我,我会很高兴。
I will never talk about it again.
我永远不会再提这件事了。

3.will表示命令请求、规劝等。

例如:
Will you pass me the salt, please?
请你把盐递给我好吗?(表示请求)
Go and get the newspaper, will you?
去把报纸拿给我好吗?(表示命令)
Won't you sit down.
请坐吧!(表示规劝)
You will forgive me, won't you?
你会原谅我的,对吗?(表示请求)

4.would表示过去的习惯、习性、倾向等。

例如:
When I was a child, I would go skiing.
我小的时候经常去滑雪。
We would stay up all night talking about our future.
(那时)我们经常彻夜谈论我们的未来。

七、used to和Would的用法比较

used to和would都可以表示过去时间经常发生的习惯动作,但它们的含义和用法不尽相同。
1. would是以一种回忆往事的心情来描述过去经常重复的习惯动作,而 used to则强调过去与现在的对比,并且多表示比较久远、目前不复存在的习惯。

例如:
Every evening she would teach us to read and write.
那时她每天晚上都教我们学读书写字。
My brother used to be a worker, but now he is a college teacher.
我哥哥过去是工人,但现在却是一位大学老师。
He will not have the money to spend on books as he used to.
他没法像过去一样有钱买书了。

2. Would只能与表示动作的动词连用,而used 1o既能和表动作的动词连用,也能和表状态的动词连用。

例如:
There used to be e temple there.
以前那里曾有座古庙。(不能用would)
He would spend all he earned on books.
他总是把挣来的所有钱都花在买书上。

八、should和oughtto的用法

1、should和ought to后接动词原形,表示义务。

例如:
You should do what your parents tell you.
你应该照父母告诉你的去做。
You should apologize to him.
你应该问他道歉。
We ousht to help them to finish the task.
我们应该帮助他们完成那项工作。
He ousht not/oughtn't to drink too much.
他不应该喝太多的酒。

2. should和ought to后接现在完成时,美示应该做却没有做的事。表示责备、后悔等情绪。

例如:
I should have been kinder to her.
当时我该对她更好一点。
He shouldn't have said such a thing.
当时他不该说那种话。
He ought to have worked harder.
他应该更努力工作的。

九、shall的用法

1. shall用在主语是第一人称或第三人称的疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方的允诺。

例如:
Shall I fetch a doctor for you?
我去为你请医生来好吗?
Shall he come at once?
要他马上来吗?
—Shall we go to the concert tonight?
—Yes, let's (No, let's not) go.

—今晚我们去听音乐会好吗?
一好,我们去吧(不,我们不要去)。

2. shall用在主语是第二、第三人称的陈述句中,表示说话人给对方的义务、命令、许诺等。

例如:
You shall do as you see me do.
你照我的样子办。(义务)
You shall leave here at once.
你必须马上离开这儿。(命令)
She shall be paid.
她会得到报酬的。(许诺)
If you can pass the driving test, you shall get a new car.
如果你能通过驾照考试的话,你将会得到一辆新车。(许诺)

动词专项练习

一、单项选择

1. -Could you_____me your bike, Tom?
-OK. And you can_____it for a week.
A.lend; keep
B. borrow; lend
C. lend; borrow
D. borrow; keep

2. The air_____fresh after the rain. And the sky is blue.
A. feels
B. tastes
C. smells
D. sounds

3. If you want to know more about space, please_____the book A Brief History of Time.
A. look through
B. look around
C. look after
D. look down upon

4. I didn't mean to trouble Harry yesterday. It was pouring with rain so I_____his offer of a lift.
A. refused
B. received
C. allowed
D. accepted

5. I suggested he should_____himself to his new conditions.
A.adapt
B. adopt
C. regulate
D. suit

6. Harry was_____by a bee when he was collecting the honey.
A.stung
B. bitten
C. stuck
D. scratched

7.You_____her in her office last Friday; she's been out of town for two weeks.
A. needn't have done
B. must have been
C. might have seen
D. can't have seen

8. Mary's score on the test is the highest in her class; she_____have studied very hard.
A.may
B. should
C. must
D. ought to

9. With all this work on hand, he_____to the cinema last night.
A. mustn't go
B. wouldn't go
C. oughtn't to go
D. shouldn't have gone

10. You_____all those calculations! We have a computer to do that sort of thing.
A. needn't have done
B. mustn't have done
C. shouldn't have done
D. can't have done

11. If you don't like to swim, you_____stay at home.
A. should as well
B. may as well
C. can as well
D. would as well

12. As it turned out to be a small house party, we_____so formally.
A. needn't dressed
B. didn't need have dressed
C. didn't need dress up
D. needn't have dressed up

13. Harry's car stopped on the highway. It_____out of gas.
A. may not run
B. may have run
C. must run
D. ought to run

14. You don't need_____for his permission every time you want to leave the room.
A. to ask
B.ask
C. asking
D. being asked

15. If you can eat all these apples, you_____have a good digestion.
A.must
B. can
Cmay
D.might

16. -When should I get my tickets?
-You_____your ticket last month. 
A. should get
B. had got
C. should have gotten
D. ought to get

17. I didn't enjoy the concert yesterday; it was a confusion, and the band didn't play as it_____.
A.did
B. has done
C. used to
D. have done

18. When I was young, I was told that I_____play with matches.
A. wouldn't
B. needn't
C. mustn't
D. daren't

19. -Must I come at five o'clock?
-Oh, you_____come at five.
A. mustn't
B. needn't
C. shouldn't
D. couldn't

20. I wonder why they haven't arrived yet. I told them how to get there; perhaps I_____them a map.
A. should give
B. had to give
C. must have given
D. ought to have given

二、请标出下列句子中的实义动词、助动词或情态动词。
1. Studying a foreign language takes time.
2. This house was built last year.
3. The first step is always the hardest.
4. I can't stand the heat there.
5. He speaks French well.
6. You can leave the window open.
7. I will find you a good English teacher.
8. I find you a good English teacher.
9. That can save you a lot of time.
10. I often do my homework at school, but yesterday I did it at home.
However, John doesn't do that. He likes doing his homework at home.

答案
一、单项选择
1-5 ACADA
6-10 ADCDA
11-15 BDBAA
16-20 CCCBD

二、请标出下列句子中的实义动词、助动词或情态动词。
1.takes 实义动词
2.was 助动词
3.is 系动词
4.can't 情态动词;stand实义动词
5.speaks 实义动词
6.can 情态动词;leave 实义动词
7.will 情态动词;find 实义动词
8.find 实义动词
9.can情态动词;save实义动词
10.do实义动词; did实义动词; doesn't助动词;do实义动词; likes实义动词

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