专升本——动词的时态和语态_so far ,it( )this week-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_45042462/article/details/123464389

本文详细阐述了英语中的各种时态，包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、进行时、完成时和现在完成进行时，以及它们的特殊结构和用法。同时，文章深入讲解了动词的被动语态在不同时态下的应用，并提供了丰富的例句和练习题，帮助读者巩固理解和掌握这些语法知识。

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含义：
1. 时：动作发生的时间
2. 态：动作存在的状态（动词的形式）
类型：

1、一般时

1.1、一般现在时

习惯性，经常性

一般现在时：
1. 结构：
  1. do/does
  2. am/is/are

1.1.1、补充

一般现在时可用于表达客观事实和普遍真理
eg.太阳从东边升起
The sun rises （rise） in East.
一般现在时可用于表示人物的特征，性格，能力。

1.2、一般过去时

结构
1. did
2. was/were

1.2.1、补充

used to do（过去常常做）
be used to do ··· （被用来做某事)
be used to doing（习惯于）

练习
1. Her son ___ coke, but now he ___ milk.
  - A. used to drink；used to drinking
  - B. used to drinking；dinks
  - C. is used to drinking；used to drink
  - D. is used to drink；is drinking

1.3、一般将来时

结构
1. will do（所有人称）
2. shall do （第一人称）

1.3.1、补充

一般将来时的其它表达方式：

be going to = will 将要做某事
eg.我们明年去贵州旅游。
We will travel to Guizhou next year.
We are going to travel to Guizhou next year.
be about to do ··· when ··· 正要做某事时，就在这时
eg.他们正要进行下一步的时候，就在这时男生突然放了个屁。
They are about to continue with the next step when the boy suddenly farts.
be to do 是要做某事
eg.我今生的唯一目标就是将你逮捕。
The only goal of life is to arrest you.

2、进行时

某个时刻动作正在进行
通式：be doing

2.1、现在进行时

此时此刻动作正在进行
结构： am/is/are doing
eg.听！海哭的声音。
Listen！the sea is crying (cry).

2.2、过去进行时

过去某时刻动作正在发生
结构： was/were doing
时间状语：具体时间+一般过去时时间状语
eg.我昨天晚上九点在看书。
I was reading （read） at nine last night.

2.2.1、考点

过去进行时与一般过去时互为时间背景
结构： 主语1 was/were doing when 主语2 did （主语1正在做···这时主语2···）
一个动作正在发生，另一个动作突然发生
eg.白雪公主正在睡觉的时候七个小矮人进来了。
Snow White was sleeping （sleep）when the seven dwarfs came (come) in.

2.2、将来进行时

动作在将来某一时刻正在进行
结构： will/shall be doing
时间状语：具体时间+一般将来时时间状语
eg.明天这个时候我正在做作业
I will be doing （do） homework at this time tomorrow.

3、完成时

3.1、现在完成时

动作截止现在已经完成
**结构：**have/has done
时间状语：
1. 起始时间：since
2. 持续时间：for+一段时间
3. 截止时间：already，yet，recently，by now
eg.在过去两年中他做了许多工作。
He has done （do) a lot of work in the past two years.

3.1.1、补充

去过某地： have/has been to （回来了）
去了某地： have/has gone to （没回来）
eg. 他在哪儿？ Where is he?
他去北京了。 He has gone to Beijing.

3.1.2、练习

用been/gone填空

She has ___ to the park, she will be back in two hours.
They have ___ to the forest alone and returned safely.
I have ___ to Hong Kong twice.
Tom has ___ to the W.C,so I have to wait for him.

3.2、过去完成时

动作截止到过去已经完成
结构： had done
时间状语：
1. 起始时间：
  1. Before+主语+did，主语+had done
  2. After+主语+had done，主语+did
    eg.Before we arrived （arrive）,the plance had taken （take） off.
    After the plane had taken off,we arrived.
2. 持续时间：for+一段时间（句中有表示过去时间的词）
3. 截止时间：by+过去时间

3.2.1、注意

当句子中无时间状语，两个动作都发生在过去，考察过去的过去这一概念时，先发生的动作用过去完成时，后发生的动作用一般过去时。
eg.他说他曾经很了解她。
He said （say） that he had known （know） her well.

3.3、练习

Isn’t it lovely think that I ___ myself on the sunny beach at this time tomorrow？
- A. will enjoy
- B. am enjoying
- C. will be enjoying
- D. shall enjoy
Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
- A. will stay
- B. are staying
- C. was staying
- D. stayed
I ___ my face when suddenly someone knocked at the door.
- A. washed
- B. am washing
- C. was washing
- D. will wash
— I phoned you at 7：00 yesterday eveing but nobody answered.
— Oh，I ___ my dog in the park then.
- A. walked
- B. was walking
- C. had walked
- D. would walk
There ___ not any more message from him since we graduated from college.
- A. has been
- B. had been
- C. was
- D. is
Helen ___ her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband came home.
- A. has left
- B. left
- C. had left
- D. will have left
I wonder why lenny ___ us recently.We should have heard from her by now.
- A. hasn’t written
- B. doesn’t write
- C. won’t write
- D. hadn’t written
So far，it ___ this week.
- A. is raining
- B. rained
- C. rains
- D. has been raining
She ___ what had happened to her computer before she walked to the door.
- A. had noticed
- B. has noticed
- C. noticed
- D. would notice

3.4、将来完成时

动作在将来某时刻完成

结构： will/shall have done
时间状语：
1. 持续时间： for+一段时间（句中有表示将来时间的词）
2. 截止时间：by+将来时间
例子：下个月我就会减肥成功了。
By the next month,I will have lost （lose） weight successfully.

4、现在完成进行时

动作截止到现在未完成，还在继续
动作从过去发生持续到现在，完成了一部分，还将持续下去或者表示对某动作的强调。译为一直在做

结构： have/has been doing
时间状语：同现在完成时
例子：
1. 我们已经工作两个小时了。让我们休息一下吧！
  We have been working （work） for two hours,，Let’s havea rest.
2. Alice is sunburned，for she has been lying on the beach all afternoon.

4、补充

By the time 主语+do/does，主语+will/shall have done
By the time 主语+did，主语+had done
It is+the+序数词+time+that+主语+have/has done
It was+the+序数词+time+that+主语+had done

5、动词的被动语态

通式： be done
含义：把宾语变为主语，把动词的形式变为be done
例子：

他的妈妈叫他起床了。
His mother told him to get up
他被他的妈妈叫起床了
He was told to get up by his mother

5.1、各种时态下的被动语态

一般时的被动

一般现在时的被动	am/is/are done
一般过去时的被动	was/were done
一般将来时的被动	will/shall be done

进行时的被动

现在进行时的被动	am/is/are being done
过去进行时的被动	was/were being done

完成时的被动

现在完成时的被动	have/has been done
过去完成时的被动	had been done
将来完成时的被动	will/shall have been done

5.2、注意

不及物动词无被动：
感官动词主动形式表被动含义
look，sound，smell，taste，feel
eg.The food tastes （taste） good.
发生（happen/occur/take place）无被动
某些动词与副词的搭配，主动形式表被动含义
V：sell，wirte，wash，clean
Adv：well，quickly，easily，smoothly
eg.他是一个有名的歌手，他的演唱会门票卖的非常好。
He is a famous singer and his concert tickets sell （sell） well.

6、练习

If it rains tomoroow，the students ___ indoors and have a discussion about the subject.
- A. will stay
- B. are staying
- C. stay
- D. stayed
Traditional folk arts of Tianjin ___ at the culture show of Shanghai World Expo.
- A. are exhibiting
- B. is exhibiting
- C. are being exibited
- D. is being exhibited
By tomorrow moming the weather ___ .
- A. clear up
- B. will clear up
- C. has cleared up
- D. will have cleared up
By the time Jane gets home，her aunt ___ for London to attend a meeting.
- A. will leave
- B. leaves
- C. will have left
- D. left
The police found that the house ___ and a lot of things ___ .
- A. has broken into；has been stolen
- B. had broken into；had been stolen
- C. has been broken into；stolen
- D. had been broken into；stolen
On the next birthday，Ann ___ married for twenty years.
- A. is
- B. has been
- C. will be
- D. will have been
So far every means ___ tried，but we haven’t worked out new solutions to the problem.
- A. are
- B. is
- C. has been
- D. have been
By the time I get downstairs， the telephone ___ .
- A. has stopped ringing
- B. will have stopped ringing
- C. has stopped to ring
- D. Stops to ring
By the time the course came to an end，___ a lot about computer.
- A. We’ll have learned
- B. we had learned
- C. We’re learning
- D. We’ve learned
By the time I leave the research institute next week，I ___ there for 17 years.
- A. shall be working
- B. shall have worked
- C. will work
- D. have worked
— Do you know our town at all？
— No，it’s she first time I ___ here.
- A. was
- B. have been
- C. came
- D. am coming
By the time he graduates from the university next year，she ___ English for eight years.
- A. will learn
- B. will have learned
- C. has learned
- D. had learned
You don’t need to describe her. I ___ her already.
- A. had met
- B. have met
- C. met
- D. meet
We ___ on this project for four hours. Let’s have a rest.
- A. are working
- B. have been working
- C. worked
- D. had worked
By next Staurday，Tom ___ a whole month without somking a cigar.
- A. will go
- B. has gone
- C. will have gone
- D. has been going
Sheldon could have defeated Howard in the match，but he ___ too careless yesterday.
- A. is
- B. was
- C. has been
- D. had been
“You’d better not ring me up between 9 and 10. I ___ an important meeting then.”Dr.Lee said.
- A. have
- B. had
- C. was having
- D. will be having
— Did you see a child dressed in red pass by?
— Sorry，I ___ the poster on the board without noticing anyone.
- A. have read
- B. had read
- C. am reading
- D. was reading
What he suggested last night ___ to be useless to us.
- A. prove
- B. proved
- C. proving
- D. has been proved
— In fact，you ___ to write up the report last week.
— Sorry for not finishing it.I’ve been too busy recently.
- A. are expecting
- B. have expected
- C. were expected
- D. are expected
The old man ___ for three days when his soon got back home.
- A. has been dead
- B. had been dead
- C. died
- D. had died
In the past few years，thousands of films ___ all over the world.
- A. have produced
- B. have been produced
- C. are producing
- D. are being produced
Thanks to the policy，birth rates in the country ___ two percent annually in the past five years.
- A. have been risen
- B. have been rising
- C. are rising
- D. are risen
We went to work by taxi yesterday because our car ___ at the garage.
- A. was repairing
- B. were being repaired
- C. was being repaired
- D. is repaired
It ___ hard now，otherwise we could go out to play.
- A. rained
- B. rains
- C. is raining
- D. would rain
We ___ on it for many hours but have not yet reached any conclusion.
- A. work
- B. are working
- C. have been working
- D. were working
The telephone rang loudly. It was the second time someone ___ me that evening.
- A. to interrupt
- B. would have interrupted
- C. to have interrupted
- D. had interrupted
He ___ more than 5,000 English words before he entered the university at the age of 15.
- A. has learned
- B. would have laarned
- C. learned
- D. had learned
We ___ everything into consideration before we drew up the plan.
- A. took
- B. did take
- C. were taking
- D. had taken
All the machines ___ by the end of the following week.
- A. were repaired
- B. will have been repaired
- C. would be repaired
- D. were being repaired
The construction of the two new railway lines ___ by now.
- A. has been completed
- B. have completed
- C. has completed
- D. have been completed
The unemployment rate in this district ___ from 6% to %5 in the past two years.
- A. has fallen
- B. had fallen
- C. is falling
- D. was falling
“Is there anything wrong？No，so far I ___ no trouble.”
- A. have
- B. had
- C. have had
- D. had had
It is the third time we ___ to wait for Anne. She’s so rude to make us wait in the rush hour.
- A. have
- B. have had
- C. had
- D. will have
— It is good to see you again,Agnes.
— This has been our first chance to visit since ___ from lran.
- A. you return
- B. you returned
- C. you have returned
- D. returning
If you don’t come to the office，___ to your house and find out why you are not at work.
- A. I go
- B. I’ll go
- C. I went
- D. I would go
Mother ___ us stories when we were young.
- A. was used to tell
- B. is used to telling
- C. used to tell
- D. used to te telling
He couldn’t believe it. He ___ several times before he finally found out the truth.
- A. was cheated
- B. had cheated
- C. had been cheated
- D. cheated
We can’t move in the new house now because it ___ .
- A. has been painted
- B. was painted
- C. is painted
- D. is being painted
The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
- A. had written；had left
- B. wrote；left
- C. were writing；had left
- D. are writing；has left