专升本——非谓语动词

1、含义

动词在句子中不作谓语

2、分类

1. to do不定式
   1. I want to eat food.
2. doing动名词
   1. Eating food is my hobby.
3. 现在分词
   1. I am eating food.
4. done过去分词
   1. The food is eaten by me.

3、to do 不定式

3.1、to do 不定式表目的和将来

我想通过考试。
I want to pass the exam.

3.2、句法功能

1. to do作主语（V.之前）
   知道了事实让我伤心。
   To know the fact makes me sad.
2. It is + adj. +
   1. of sb to do sth. (人品)
   2. for sb to do sth. （事情）
   3. 练习
      1. It is impolite of you to say so.
      2. It is important for them to do so.
3. to do 不定式作表语：放be之后：be to do （是要做某事）
   The only goal of my life is to arrest you.
4. to do 不定式作宾语：放n.之后：n. + to do
   I have many child to look after.
5. to do 不定式作宾语：
   主 + 谓V + to do
6. to do 不定式作宾补
   1. 结构1：主语+V + sb. to do
   2. 结构2：主语+V + sb. do（有些不定式作宾补时要省略to）
      1. 一感：feel
      2. 二听：hear，listen to
      3. 三让；let，have，make
      4. 五看：see，look，watch，notice，observe
      5. 半帮助：help+
         1. sb to do
         2. sb do
      6. 注意： 当这些词变为被动语态时，要还原to
         eg. He made me cry.
         I was made to cry by him.
7. to do 不定式作状语
   1. 目的状语
      1. in order to do（为了）
      2. so as to do（为了）
      3. to do（为了）
         eg. Istay here in order to meet you.
   2. 结果状语（如此···以至于···）
      1. so adj./adv. + as to do
      2. such + （冠词+adj.）+ n. as to do
         eg. I was so nervous as to increase my heart rate.
8. 补充：特殊句式
   1. too···to···（太···而不能···）
      eg.I am too tired to go to work
   2. enough to do（足够做···）
      eg.My life is enough to make a movie.
   3. only to do（却···）
   4. be likely to do（可能做）
      eg.It is likely to rain.
   5. happen to do （碰巧做···）
      eg. I happen to meet her the day after we broke up.
   6. be said to do （据说···）
      eg.She is siad to marry into a wealthe family.
   7. be thought/believed/considered to do （被认为···）
      eg.He is believed to win the competition.
   8. be reported to do （据报道···）
   9. seem/appear to do（似乎要做···）

3.3、不定式的时态和语态

3.3.1、做题方法

1. 找出V非V谓
2. 看主语和V非的主被动
3. 看V非和V谓发生的先后顺序
4. by+时间/for+时间 完成态
5. 练习
   1. He wants to watch（watch）TV.
   2. I felt sorry to have known（know）the fact.

4、不定式练习

1. It is important ___ the difficult youmeet during your work
   • A. of you overcoming
   • B. of you overcome
   • C. for you overcoming
   • D. for you to overcome
2. The police must take great pains ___ the prisoners from escaping
   • A. to prevent
   • B. prevent
   • C. preventing
   • D. prevention
3. It’s great honor for him ___ a model worker for three years running.
   • A. to elect
   • B. to be elected
   • C. to have elected
   • D. to have been elected
4. I prefer you ___ here too long.
   • A. will not stay
   • B. not to stay
   • C. not staying
   • D. on’t stay
5. Cao Cao’s tomb is reported ___ in Anyang which attracts nationwide attention.
   • A. being found
   • B. to be found
   • C. having been found
   • D. to have been found
6. He appears ___ in the sports news on the back page of this paper and ignores the hurry crowds.
   • A. to absorb
   • B. absorbing
   • C. being absorbed
   • D. to be absorbed
7. I hope to get my wife ___ on the next trip to Europe.
   • A. to have come along with me
   • B. to come along with me
   • C. coming along with me
   • D. with me to come along
8. — Would you like ___ with us?
   — Oh，sorry. I don’t feel like ___ out today.
   • A. going；to go
   • B. to go:going
   • C. going；going
   • D. to go；to go
9. It was unnecessary ___ an umbrella with him，as the weather is fine today.
   • A. for him to bring
   • B. of him to bring
   • C. for him bringing
   • D. of him bringing
10. Universities and colleges forbid students ___ after 11 pm，unless they had special passes.
    • A. staying out
    • B. from staying out
    • C. stay out
    • D. to stay out
11. I am sorry ___ you so much trouble.And thank you for your help.
    • A. to give
    • B. to have given
    • C. giving
    • D. having given
12. The doctor told the child ___ less and ___ more.
    • A. to sett；sleep
    • B. eat；sleep
    • C. eating；sleeping
    • D. eat；to sleep
13. Let me ___ if he has decided ___ it.
    • A. to know，to do
    • B. to know，do
    • C. know，to do
    • D. know，do
14. Because he didn’t make the effort，he failled ___ the exam again.
    • A. passed
    • B. passing
    • C. having passed
    • D. to pass
15. Please let me ___ where the meeting is ___ tomorrow.
    • A. know；to be held
    • B. to know；to hold
    • C. knowing；to be held
    • D. known；to hold
16. The print is too small for me ___ without glasses.
    • A. to read
    • B. reading
    • C. read
    • D. reads
17. He is too young ___ sent to America for advanced study.
    • A. to be
    • B. played
    • C. play
    • D. plays
18. I often hear him ___ the piano in the square.
    • A. to play
    • B. played
    • C. play
    • D. plays
19. They have to have a basic understanding of computers in order ___ the advanced technology.
    • A. use
    • B. to use
    • C. using
    • D. uses
20. He is old enough ___ for himself.
    • A. studies
    • B. studying
    • C. study
    • D. to study

5、doing动名词

5.1、句法功能

1. doing动名词作主语：（doing放在V.之前）
   eg.Seeing is believing.
2. It is no use/useless/no good doing sth （做···是无用的）
   eg.It is no use crying over spilt milk.c
3. It is a good pleasure doing （做···是高兴的）
   eg.It is a good pleasure giving a lecture.
4. There is no doing（做···是不可能的）
   eg.There is no denying the fact.
5. There is no point doing （做···是无意义的）
   eg.There is no point waiting for him here.
6. doing动名词作表语（结构：be doing）
   eg. MY hobby is eating.（动名词）
   eg.The cat is eating.（现在分词）
7. doing动名词作定语
8. doing动名词作宾语
   1. 动宾结构：V+doing
   2. 介宾结构：介词+doing
      所有介词后的动词形式都是doing（in/on/at/for/with/from/of···）
      1. be used to doing（习惯做···）
      2. be accustomed to doing（习惯做···）
      3. look forward to doing（期待做···）
      4. be opposed to doing（反对做···）
      5. object to doing（反对做···）
      6. due to/owing to + doing（由于做）
      7. contribute to + doing（有助于做···/导致···）
9. devote oneself to doing （献身于···/致力于···）
   eg.She devotes herself to caring for the sick.
10. pay/turn attention to doing（集中注意力于···）
    eg.He pays attention to playing the game.
11. have trouble/difficult doing···（做···有困难/麻烦）
12. be busy doing（忙于做···）
13. spend···doing···（花费···做···）
14. be worth doing （值得做某事）

5.2、补充

1. 有些V + doing，主动表被动
   need，want，require
   eg. The window needs cleaning （clean）
2. 值得做···
   1. be worth doing
   2. be worthy of being done
   3. be worthy to be done

5.3、注意

• 有些动词后可+doing或to do，但含义不同

1. regret
   1. doing（后悔做某事）
   2. to do（遗憾做某事）
2. can’t help
   1. doing （情不自禁做某事）
   2. to do（不能帮助做某事）
3. try
   1. doing（尝试做某事）
   2. to do（努力做某事）
4. go on
   1. doing（继续做同一件事）
   2. to do（继续做另一件事）
5. mean
   1. doing（意味着···）
   2. to do（打算做某事）
6. stop
   1. doing（停止正在做的事）
   2. to do（停下来去做某事）
7. remember
   1. doing（记得做过某事）
   2. to do（记得去做某事）
8. forget
   1. doing（忘记做过某事）
   2. to do（忘记去做某事）

• 逻辑主语
  Do you mind my opening the door？
  主语用来支配谓语，逻辑主语用来支配非谓语
  注：动名词的逻辑主语为形容词性

5.4、doing动名词的时态和语态

5.4.1、做题方法

1. 找出V非和V谓
2. 看主语和V非的主被动
3. 看V非和V谓发生的先后顺序
4. 练习：
   1. I avoid meeting （meet） you.
   2. I appreciated having been invited（invite） to the party.

6、分词

6.1、分类

1. 现在分词 doing 进行 be doing
2. 过去分词 done 完成 have done；被动 be done

6.2、句法功能

1. 分词作表语（位于be之后）
   1. 结构1： be doing 表示动作正在发生
      eg. I am eathing food.
   2. 结构2： be done 表示被动
      eg.The food is eaten by me.

• 注意： 分词作表语的第二种形式：
  表示情感情绪的动词+ing不表进行，变done不表被动
  eg.The film is interesting，I am interested in it.（interest）
  • 情感情绪的动词：
    interest，excite，surprise=amaze=astonish
    move，satisfy，thrill，puzzle=confuse，frighten
    disappoint，discourage，bore=annoy
  • 总结：
    1. doing：令人感到···的，主语是物
    2. done：人自己感到···的，主语是人

6.2.1、考点后置定语

1. 分词作定语（修饰n.）翻译成：···的
   1. 前置定语
      A flying bird
      A broken glass
   2. 后置定语
      A bird flying in the sky.
      A glass broken by Tom.
   3. 位置
      1. 单个词做定语：n. 前
      2. 过个词做定语：n.后
   4. 练习：
      1. The ball made （make） in China is big.
      2. The dog running（run） in the garden is cute.

• 考察形式：“n.+V非的形式”
• 做题方法：

  1. 判断所填动词为V非

  2. 看V非和空前名词的关系，主动用doing，被动用done

  3. 相同语态下不同时间的分析（看动作发生的时间）

  4. 练习：
     The book ___ for teaching English came out in the 1600s.

     • A. writing
     • B. written
     • C. being written
     • D. to be written
• 分析方法：
  
• 练习：
  1. The bridge being built now is huge.
  2. The bridge built last year is huge.
  3. The bridge to be built next year is huge.

6.2.2、分词作宾补（放在宾语之后）

• 结构：主+V谓语+宾+宾补
  1. doing（主动）
  2. done（被动）
• 常考动词：leave，find，keep
  eg.He found the room changed（change）a lot.

6.2.3、固定搭配

1. see sb
   1. do （全过程）
   2. doing（正在···）
2. hear sb
   1. do
   2. doing
3. with + n.
   1. doing（主动）
   2. done（被动）
4. make oneself done（使某人自己被）
   eg. I speak slowly in order to make myself understood.
5. get
   1. sb to do （让某人做···）
   2. sth done（让某事被做···）
6. have
   1. sb do（让某人做···）
   2. sth done（让某事被做）
7. have no choice but to do （别无选择···除了）
8. do nothing but do（什么都做不了···除了）
9. can’t（help）but do = have to do（不得不）

6.2.4、分词作状语

1. 形式1：V非···，主+V谓（前后主语一致）

• 做题方法
  1. 确定V非和V谓
  2. 看V非和主语的主被动关系
  3. 看V非和V谓发生的先后顺序
     

2. 练习：
   1. Watching TV，he feels happy.
   2. Attracted by the beauty of nature，the girl from London decided to stay another two days off the farm.
3. 形式2：n.+V非，主+V谓（前后主语不一致）

• 做题方法：
  1. 确定V非和V谓
  2. 看V非和前面名词的主被动关系
  3. 看V非和V谓发生的先后顺序
  4. eg. All the cars having been repaired （repair），you can have a rest.

6.2.5、补充

1. 连词后面直接加过分词done
2. 逗号后划线，线上填动词，填doing/done
3. 看见dress/seat/face/compare就选“-ed”形式