Spring配置数据源&注解开发&Spring Junit(二)

介绍&步骤

视频教程: https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1WZ4y1P7Bp/?p=21
官方笔记链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1dnL5hwOPHPMNgb81yzQIOQ
提取码：2022
目录:

项目目录结构:

1.数据源的开发步骤

① 导入数据源的坐标和数据库驱动坐标
② 创建数据源对象
③ 设置数据源的基本连接数据
④ 使用数据源获取连接资源和归还连接资源

1.1导入坐标

    <dependencies>
      <!-- spring的坐标 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.13</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--导入数据源的坐标-->
        <!-- C3P0连接池 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>c3p0</groupId>
            <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
            <version>0.9.1.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Druid连接池 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.10</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- mysql驱动 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.39</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

1.2创建数据源对象

这里我连接的数据库用户名是root密码为123456, 可以根据自己的用户名和密码进行改变
注意: 我这里使用的是test数据库 请确保数据库中有test数据库 不然汇报错 或者自行更换

 @Test
public void testC3P0() throws PropertyVetoException, SQLException {
    ComboPooledDataSource dataSource = new ComboPooledDataSource();
    dataSource.setDriverClass("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
    dataSource.setJdbcUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test");
    dataSource.setUser("root");
    dataSource.setPassword("123456");
    Connection connection = dataSource.getConnection();
    System.out.println(connection);
    connection.close();
}
@Test
public void testDruid() throws PropertyVetoException, SQLException {
    ResourceBundle rb = ResourceBundle.getBundle("jdbc");
    ComboPooledDataSource dataSource = new ComboPooledDataSource();
    dataSource.setDriverClass(rb.getString("jdbc.driver"));
    dataSource.setJdbcUrl(rb.getString("jdbc.url"));
    dataSource.setUser(rb.getString("jdbc.username"));
    dataSource.setPassword(rb.getString("jdbc.password"));
    Connection connection = dataSource.getConnection();
    System.out.println(connection);
    connection.close();
}

@Test // 读取配置文件的方法 C3PO
public void testC3P0ByProperties() throws Exception {
	//加载类路径下的jdbc.properties
	ResourceBundle rb = ResourceBundle.getBundle("jdbc");
	ComboPooledDataSource dataSource = new ComboPooledDataSource();
	dataSource.setDriverClass(rb.getString("jdbc.driver"));
	dataSource.setJdbcUrl(rb.getString("jdbc.url"));
	dataSource.setUser(rb.getString("jdbc.username"));
	dataSource.setPassword(rb.getString("jdbc.password"));
	Connection connection = dataSource.getConnection();
	System.out.println(connection);
}

优化: 将数据源参数弄成一个配置文件进行读取

1.3Spring配置数据源

配置jdbc.properties文件

jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=123456

applicationContext.xml配置代码 导入配置文件要使用Context命名空间可约束

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
                http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
">
    <!--用于加载配置文件jdbc.properties 默认是resource目录下面-->
    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"/>
    <!--配置数据源dataSource-->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
        <property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
        <property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
        <property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
        <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

1.4使用数据源获取连接资源和归还连接资源

java测试代码

@Test
public void testDataSource() throws PropertyVetoException, SQLException {
    ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
    DataSource dataSource = (DataSource) applicationContext.getBean("dataSource");
    Connection connection = dataSource.getConnection();
    System.out.println(connection);
    connection.close();// 归还资源
}

1.5知识要点

<context:property-placeholder location="xx.properties"/>
<property name="" value="${key}"/>

2.Spring注解开发

目的代替掉spring容器中的bean
介绍: 使用注解开发的目的主要是为了代替之前的applicationContext.xml的配置文件

2.1 开启组件扫描

不配置组件扫描 写了注解也没用

<!--注解配置 主键扫描-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.itheima"></context:component-scan>

Dao层的注解(接口和实现类)
接口:

public interface UserDao {
    void save();
}

实现类:

@Repository("userDao")
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
    @Value("注入普通数据")
    private String str;
    @Value("${jdbc.driver}")
    private String driver;

    @PostConstruct
    public void init(){
        System.out.println("init.....");
    }

    @PreDestroy
    public void destroy(){
        System.out.println("destroy......");
    }

    public void save() {
        System.out.println(str);
        System.out.println(driver);
        System.out.println("save running1111.....");
    }
}

Service层的注解(接口和实现类)
接口:

public interface UserService {
    void save();
}

实现类:

@Service("userService")
// <bean id="userService" class="com.itheima.service.impl.UserServiceImpl"/>
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {

//  @Resource(name = "userDao")
//  <property name="userDao" ref="userDao" />
    @Autowired  // 按照数据类型从spring容器种进行匹配 UserDao类型  如果有多个UserDao的bean则就随机匹配不建议
    @Qualifier("userDao")   // value 就等于ref = value, name 的就是字段名字
    private UserDao userDao;

    public void save() {
        userDao.save();
    }
}

注意的点

2.2测试代码

@Test
public void testAnnoService(){
    ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
    UserService userService = applicationContext.getBean(UserService.class);
    userService.save();
}

3.Spring新注解开发

目的是利用java类直接代替applicationContext.xml文件

• @Configuration
• @ComponentScan
• @Import

3.1 新键容器类和数据源配置类

新建一个数据源配置类DataSourceConfiguration (相当于之前的dateSource Bean)

@PropertySource("classpath:jdbc.properties")
// <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"/>
public class DataSourceConfiguration {

    @Value("${jdbc.driver}")
    private String driver;

    @Value("${jdbc.url}")
    private String url;

    @Value("${jdbc.username}")
    private String username;

    @Value("${jdbc.password}")
    private String password;

    @Bean("dataSource")  // id为dataSource的bean class 为放回置类型
    public DataSource getDataSource() throws PropertyVetoException {
        ComboPooledDataSource dataSource = new ComboPooledDataSource();
        dataSource.setDriverClass(driver);
        dataSource.setJdbcUrl(url);
        dataSource.setUser(username);
        dataSource.setPassword(password);
        return dataSource;
    }
}

新建一个配置类SpringConfiguration (相当于之前的applicationContext.xml配置文件)

@Configuration								// 声明这是一个配置类
@ComponentScan("com.itheima") 				// 组件扫描
@Import({DataSourceConfiguration.class})	//导入数据源配置类
public class SpringConfiguration {
}

3.2 代码测试

AnnotationConfigApplicationContext

@Test
public void testAnnoConfiguration() throws Exception {
    ApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(SpringConfiguration.class);
    UserService userService = (UserService) applicationContext.getBean("userService");
    userService.save();
    DataSource dataSource = (DataSource) applicationContext.getBean("dataSource");
    Connection connection = dataSource.getConnection();
    System.out.println(connection);
}

4. Spring整合Junit

目的是为了舍去这两行直接使用单元测试

ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml");
IAccountService as = ac.getBean("accountService",IAccountService.class);

① 导入spring集成Junit的坐标
② 使用@Runwith注解替换原来的运行期
③ 使用@ContextConfiguration指定配置文件或配置类
④ 使用@Autowired注入需要测试的对象
⑤ 创建测试方法进行测试

4.1 导入spring集成Junit的坐标

新添加的坐标

<!--此处需要注意的是，spring5 及以上版本要求 junit 的版本必须是 4.12 及以上-->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
    <version>5.0.2.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>junit</groupId>
    <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
    <version>4.12</version>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

总的坐标

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
        <version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--导入数据源的坐标-->
    <!-- C3P0连接池 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>c3p0</groupId>
        <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
        <version>0.9.1.2</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- Druid连接池 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
        <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
        <version>1.1.10</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- mysql驱动 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>mysql</groupId>
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        <version>5.1.39</version>
    </dependency>

    <!--此处需要注意的是，spring5 及以上版本要求 junit 的版本必须是 4.12 及以上-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
        <version>5.0.2.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>junit</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        <version>4.12</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

</dependencies>

4.2 测试方法

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
//@ContextConfiguration(classes = {SpringConfiguration.class}) // 使用注解配置
@ContextConfiguration("classpath:applicationContext.xml")       // 使用xml配置
public class SpringJunitTest {
    @Autowired  // 自动注入userService 如有容器中有多个userService的bean 会选择第一个进行实例化 id为空
//    <bean id=" " class="com.itheima.service.impl.UserServiceImpl">
    private UserService userService;

    @Autowired // 自动注入DataSource 如有容器中有多个DataSource的bean 会选择第一个进行实例化
    private DataSource dataSource;

    @Test
    public void testUserService() throws SQLException {
        userService.save();
        System.out.println(dataSource.getConnection());
    }

}

水平有限 如有问题欢迎指正交流讨论!