Spring配置web环境&SpringMVC快速入门(三)

介绍&步骤

视频教程: https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1WZ4y1P7Bp?p=37
官方笔记链接:https://pan.baidu.com/s/1dnL5hwOPHPMNgb81yzQIOQ
提取码:2022
目录:
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目录结构:
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1. Spring使用web

首先创建一个spring_mvc的web项目: https://blog.csdn.net/qq_45056135/article/details/124936596
步骤:

  • 导入坐标
  • 编写代码
  • 在spring容器中配置bean

1.1 导入坐标

pom.xml
重点的web坐标

<!--web层-->
<dependency>
    <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
    <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
    <version>3.1.0</version>
    <scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
    <artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
    <version>2.2.1</version>
    <scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>

总的坐标: mysql驱动和web层的坐标尽量和下面的一致 不然可能会报错

<dependencies>
        <!--spring-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- C3P0连接池 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>c3p0</groupId>
            <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
            <version>0.9.1.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- mysql驱动 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.46</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--web层-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>3.1.0</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.2.1</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <!-- tomcat插件 -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
                <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.2</version>
            </plugin></plugins>
    </build>

1.2 编写Dao&Service&Servlet层的代码

1.Dao 层 UserDao接口和UserDaoImpl实现

public interface UserDao {
    void save();
}
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
    public void save(){
        System.out.println("save running....");
    }
}

2.Service层 UserService 和UserServiceImpl

public interface UserService {
    void save();
}

这是实现的是依赖注入

public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {

    private UserDao userDao;

    public void setUserDao(UserDao userDao) {
        this.userDao = userDao;
    }

    public void save() {
        userDao.save();
    }
}

3.Servelt 层 这里使用的是注解配置servlet路径

@WebServlet("/userServlet")
public class UserServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ApplicationContext app = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        UserService userService = app.getBean(UserService.class);
        userService.save();
    }
}

1.3 spring容器中配置set注入

配置文件jdbc.properties 配置数据库的连接信息

jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=123456

配置数据库和在service中注入dao层信息

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
                http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
">
    <!--用于加载配置文件jdbc.properties 默认是resource目录下面-->
    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"/>
    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
        <property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
        <property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
        <property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
        <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
    </bean>

    <!--userDao的Bean-->
    <bean id="userDao" class="com.itheima.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl"/>

    <!--userService的Bean-->
    <bean id="userService" class="com.itheima.service.impl.UserServiceImpl">
        <property name="userDao" ref="userDao" />
    </bean>
</beans>

2.监听器优化

问题: 当前web层每次使用都要加载applicationContext.xml配置文件, 我们可以直接利用监听器在服务器启动时就加载applicationContext.xml配置文件即可(加载spring容器)
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解决
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2.1 自定义配置监听类

创建ContextLoaderListener上下文监听类实现监听类接口

public class ContextLoaderListener implements ServletContextListener {
    public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent servletContextEvent) {
        ServletContext servletContext = servletContextEvent.getServletContext();
        // applicationContext.xml
        String contextConfigLocation = servletContext.getInitParameter("contextConfigLocation");
        // 读取web.xml中的全局参数
        ApplicationContext app = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(contextConfigLocation);
        // 将Spring的应用上下文存储到servletContext域中
        servletContext.setAttribute("app", app);
        System.out.println("监听器执行 spring容器创建完毕");

    }

    public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent servletContextEvent) {

    }
}

WebApplicationContextUtils 目的是通过类调用静态方法获取applicationContext对象

public class WebApplicationContextUtils {
    public static ApplicationContext getWebApplicaitonContext(ServletContext servletContext){
        ApplicationContext applicationContext = (ApplicationContext)servletContext.getAttribute("app");
        return applicationContext;
    }
}

web.xml配置监听器ContextLoaderListener 和和全局参数classpath:applicationContext.xml
全局参数通过getInitParameter获得得到applicationContext.xml
监听器用于调用ContextLoader类的方法contextInitialed方法生成applicaitonContext对象和存储在servletContext域中
然后通过WebApplicationContextUtils获取得到applicationContext对象

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">

    <!--全局参数-->
    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>

    <!--配置监听器-->
    <listener>
        <listener-class>com.itheima.listener.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>

</web-app>
  1. controller层的代码
@WebServlet("/userServlet")
public class UserServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // 得到servletContext对象
        ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext(); 
        // 传入servletContext对象 通过工具类得到applicationContext对象
        ApplicationContext app = WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicaitonContext(servletContext); 
        UserService userService = app.getBean(UserService.class);
        userService.save();
    }
}

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整体步骤:
服务器先执行监听器—>找到监听器对应的全局参数—> 加载配置文件applicationContext.xml–>通过WebApplicationContextUtils得到应用上下文对象—>得到Bean对象

2.2 利用spring的监听类

刚刚是我们自定义的监听器,接下来我们使用spring定义好的监听类

  1. 导入坐标
  2. 配置ContextLoaderListener监听器
  3. 使用WebApplicationContextUtils获得应用上下
2.2.1 pom.xml导入坐标
<!--spring-mvc-->
<dependency>
	   <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
	   <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
	   <version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
2.2.2 web.xml配置监听器

注意这里使用的是org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener (spring实现的)不是自己定义的

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
    <!--全局参数-->
    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>

    <!--Spring的配置的监听器-->
    <listener>
        <listener-class>
            org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
        </listener-class>
    </listener>
</web-app>
2.2.3 controller层代码

不用改变 只是WebApplicationContextUtils现在是org之前是导入自己定义的类
现在导入的包是(spring实现的)

import org.springframework.web.context.support.WebApplicationContextUtils;

之前导入的包是(自定义的)

import com.itheima.listener.WebApplicationContextUtils;

controller层代码

@WebServlet("/userServlet")
public class UserServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
        ApplicationContext app = WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
        UserService userService = app.getBean(UserService.class);
        userService.save();
    }
}

3.SpringMVC快速入门

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controller层
applicationContext.xml配置文件
spring-mvc.xml配置文件
web.xml加载上面这个文件
目录结构:
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3.1 导入坐标

pom.xml文件

<dependencies>
        <!--Spring坐标-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--spring-web-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
            <version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--SpringMVC坐标-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- C3P0连接池 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>c3p0</groupId>
            <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
            <version>0.9.1.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- mysql驱动 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.39</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--web层-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>3.0.1</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.3.1</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>


</dependencies>
<build>
    <plugins>
        <!-- tomcat插件 -->
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
            <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>2.2</version>
        </plugin></plugins>
</build>

3.2 Webapp创建index.jsp/success.jsp

index.jsp 页面

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    hello ${username}, this is index.jsp
</body>
</html>

success.jsp 页面

hello ${username}, this is index.jsp

3.3 创建Controller和业务方法

这里我在resource有一个success.jsp的简单页面 访问quick会自动跳转

@Controller // 放在spring容器中 不配这个前端控制器找不到映射路径
public class UserController {

    @RequestMapping("/quick")
    public String save(){
        System.out.println("Controller save running...");
        return "/success.jsp";
    }
}

3.4 文件配置

3.2.1 applicationContext.xml文件配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
                http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
">

</beans>

3.2.2 spring-mvc.xml文件配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
">

    <!--Controller组件扫描-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.itheima.controller"/>

</beans>

3.2.3 web.xml文件配置(前端控制器)

(用于加载applicationContext.xml,spring-mvc.xml这两个文件)
使用ContextLoaderListener监听器加载applicationContext.xml配置文件
配置前端控制器DispatcherServlet加载spring-mvc.xml配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
    <!--配置springMVC的前端控制器-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <!--配置映射地址-->
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    
    <!--全局参数-->
    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>

    <!--Spring的配置的监听器-->
    <listener>
        <listener-class>
            org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
        </listener-class>
    </listener>

</web-app>

3.5 启动服务器进行访问测试

总结
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4. SpringMVC 组件解析

4.1 SpringMVC的执行流程

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4.2 SpringMVC注解解析

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例如: 访问user/quick 利用get方法而且必须携带username参数 不带username参数会报错

@Controller // 放在spring容器中
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {

    @RequestMapping(value = "/quick", method = RequestMethod.GET, params = {"username"})
    public String save(){
        System.out.println("Controller save running...");
        return "/success.jsp"; // 默认执行转发 如有想要重定向加一个前缀redirect:
    }
}

4.3 SpringMVC注解解析

spring-mvc.xml的组件扫描中

<!--Controller组件扫描-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.itheima.controller"/>

等价于

<!--Controller组件扫描-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.itheima">
    <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
</context:component-scan>

都表示扫描controller层

4.4 Spring-mvc.xml配置视图解析器

其实也就是set注入 默认为空
配置完成之后默认会有前后缀拼接

<!--配置内部资源视图解析器-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
	<property name="prefix" value="/"></property>
	<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
</bean>

配置成功之后 success —> /success.jsp

4.5 配置完之后完整的sprign-mvc.xml代码

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
">

    <!--Controller组件扫描-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.itheima">
        <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
    </context:component-scan>
    <!--配置内部资源视图解析器-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/"></property>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
    </bean>
</beans>
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