Spring_MVC异常处理器(七)

介绍&步骤

视频教程: https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1WZ4y1P7Bp?p=116
官方笔记链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1dnL5hwOPHPMNgb81yzQIOQ
提取码：2022

异常处理的思路

异常处理两种方式

1. 使用Spring MVC提供的简单异常处理器SimpleMappingExceptionResolver
2. 实现Spring的异常处理接口HandlerExceptionResolver 自定义自己的异常处理器

1. 前期环境准备

项目目录结构

1.1 导入坐标

<dependencies>
   <dependency>
       <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
       <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
       <version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
   </dependency>

   <dependency>
       <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
       <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
       <version>3.0.1</version>
       <scope>provided</scope>
   </dependency>
   <dependency>
       <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
       <artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
       <version>2.2.1</version>
       <scope>provided</scope>
   </dependency>
   <dependency>
       <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
       <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
       <version>1.2</version>
   </dependency>
   <dependency>
       <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
       <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
       <version>1.7.7</version>
   </dependency>
   <dependency>
       <groupId>log4j</groupId>
       <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
       <version>1.2.17</version>
   </dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
    <plugins>
        <!-- tomcat插件 -->
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
            <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>2.2</version>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
</build>

1.2 核心测试代码

1.2.1 MyException 异常类

public class MyException extends Exception{
}

1.2.2 DemoService 接口类

public interface DemoService {
    void show1();

    void show2();

    void show3() throws FileNotFoundException;

    void show4();

    void show5() throws MyException;
}

1.2.3 DemoServiceImpl 实现类

public class DemoServiceImpl implements DemoService{
    public void show1() {
        System.out.println("抛出类型转换异常....");
        Object str = "zhangsan";
        Integer num = (Integer)str;
    }

    public void show2() {
        System.out.println("抛出除零异常....");
        int i = 1/0;
    }

    public void show3() throws FileNotFoundException {
        System.out.println("文件找不到异常....");
        InputStream in = new FileInputStream("C:/xxx/xxx/xxx.txt");
    }

    public void show4() {
        System.out.println("空指针异常.....");
        String str = null;
        str.length();
    }

    public void show5() throws MyException {
        System.out.println("自定义异常....");
        throw new MyException();
    }
}

1.2.4 Controller层测试类

@Controller // 让前端控制器检测到
public class DemoController {

    @Autowired // 自动注入
    private DemoService demoService;

    @RequestMapping(value = "/show")
    public String show() throws FileNotFoundException, MyException {
        System.out.println("show running......");
//        demoService.show1();
        //demoService.show2();
        //demoService.show3();
        //demoService.show4();
        demoService.show5();
        return "index";
    }
}

1.3 文件配置

1.3.1 applicationContext.xml 文件配置

 <!--  配置bean 因为DemoController要用到注入 容器里面没有的话会报错  -->
 <bean id="demoService" class="review.service.DemoServiceImpl"></bean>

1.3.2 spring-mvc.xml 文件配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
">
    <!--1、mvc注解驱动-->
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>

    <!--2、配置视图解析器-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>

    <!--3、静态资源权限开放-->
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>

    <!--4、组件扫描  扫描Controller-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="review.controller"/>
    
</beans>

1.3.3 web.xml 文件配置

 <!--全局参数-->
<context-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<!--监听器 加载applicationContext.xml文件-->
<listener>
    <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>

<!--前端控制器 加载spring-mvc.xml文件-->
<servlet>
    <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

1.4 页面准备

error.jsp页面

<h1>通用的错误提示页面${info}</h1>

error1.jsp页面

<h1>error1 类型转化异常</h1>

error2.jsp页面

<h1>error2 自定义异常</h1>

index.jsp页面

<h2>Hello World!</h2>

2. 简单异常处理器SimpleMappingExceptionResolver

直接在spring-mvc.xml中配置下面的异常处理器即可

<!--简单异常处理器-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver">
    <property name="defaultErrorView" value="error"/>
    <property name="exceptionMappings">
        <map>
            <entry key="java.lang.ClassCastException" value="error1"/>
            <entry key="review.exception.MyException" value="error2"/>
        </map>
    </property>
</bean>

3. 自定义异常处理步骤

① 创建异常处理器类实现HandlerExceptionResolver
② 配置异常处理器
③ 编写异常页面
④ 测试异常跳转

3.1 创建异常处理器类

//自定义异常处理步骤
public class MyExceptionResolver  implements HandlerExceptionResolver {

    public ModelAndView resolveException(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, Exception e) {
        ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();

        if(e instanceof MyException){
            modelAndView.addObject("info", "自定义异常");

        }else if(e instanceof ClassCastException){
            modelAndView.addObject("info", "类转化异常");
        }
        modelAndView.setViewName("error");

        return modelAndView;
    }
}

3.2 配置异常处理器

在spring.xml中配置自定义的异常处理器
将之前的简单异常处理器注释掉 不然会覆盖
注释

<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver">
    <property name="defaultErrorView" value="error"/>
    <property name="exceptionMappings">
        <map>
            <entry key="java.lang.ClassCastException" value="error1"/>
            <entry key="review.exception.MyException" value="error2"/>
        </map>
    </property>
</bean>

添加

<!--  自定义页面异常  出现异常会自动找到 MyExceptionResolver进行处理 -->
<bean class="review.resolver.MyExceptionResolver"></bean>

3.3 编写异常页面(1.4)

3.4 测试异常跳转(Controller层测试)

4.总结