springboot对JPA的支持

JPA顾名思义就是Java Persistence API的意思，是JDK 5.0注解或XML描述对象－关系表的映射关系，并将运行期的实体对象持久化到数据库中。

2.1标准化
JPA 是 JCP 组织发布的 Java EE 标准之一，因此任何声称符合 JPA 标准的框架都遵循同样的架构，提供相同的访问API，这保证了基于JPA开发的企业应用能够经过少量的修改就能够在不同的JPA框架下运行。
2.2容器级特性的支持
JPA框架中支持大数据集、事务、并发等容器级事务，这使得 JPA 超越了简单持久化框架的局限，在企业应用发挥更大的作用。
2.3简单方便
JPA的主要目标之一就是提供更加简单的编程模型：在JPA框架下创建实体和创建Java 类一样简单，没有任何的约束和限制，只需要使用 javax.persistence.Entity进行注释，JPA的框架和接口也都非常简单，没有太多特别的规则和设计模式的要求，开发者可以很容易的掌握。JPA基于非侵入式原则设计，因此可以很容易的和其它框架或者容器集成。
2.4查询能力
JPA的查询语言是面向对象而非面向数据库的，它以面向对象的自然语法构造查询语句，可以看成是Hibernate HQL的等价物。JPA定义了独特的JPQL（Java Persistence Query Language），JPQL是EJB QL的一种扩展，它是针对实体的一种查询语言，操作对象是实体，而不是关系数据库的表，而且能够支持批量更新和修改、JOIN、GROUP BY、HAVING 等通常只有 SQL 才能够提供的高级查询特性，甚至还能够支持子查询。
2.4高级特性
JPA 中能够支持面向对象的高级特性，如类之间的继承、多态和类之间的复杂关系，这样的支持能够让开发者最大限度的使用面向对象的模型设计企业应用，而不需要自行处理这些特性在关系数据库的持久化。

可以自动建表相关代码，不需要经过数据库创建直接创建好，例如：

package com.chen.springboot02.entity;

import lombok.Data;

import javax.persistence.*;
import java.io.Serializable;

/**
 * @author嘟嘟
 */
@Data
@Entity
@Table(name = "t_springboot_book_2019")
public class HBook implements Serializable {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Integer bid;

    @Column(length = 100)
    private String bname;
    @Column
    private double price;

//    @ManyToOne
//    private int cid;

}

运行生成

改接口只需要继承JpaRepository接口即可

package com.chen.springboot02.controller;

import com.chen.springboot02.entity.HBook;
import com.chen.springboot02.service.HbookDao;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * @author嘟嘟
 */
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/jpa")
public class JpaController {
    @Autowired
    private HbookDao jpaDao;

    @RequestMapping("/add")
    public String add(HBook book){
        jpaDao.save(book);
        return "success";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/edit")
    public String edit(HBook book){
        jpaDao.save(book);
        return "success";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/del")
    public String del(HBook book){
        jpaDao.delete(book);
        return "success";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/getOne")
    public HBook getOne(Integer bid){
//        会出现懒加载问题：org.hibernate.LazyInitializationException: could not initialize proxy - no Session
//        return jpaDao.getOne(bid);
        return jpaDao.findById(bid).get();
    }

    @RequestMapping("/getAll")
    public List<HBook> getAll(){
        return jpaDao.findAll();
    }



}

然后就能对表的一个简单的增删查改

相关pom依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
		<version>2.2.1.RELEASE</version>
		<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
	</parent>
	<groupId>com.liwangwang</groupId>
	<artifactId>springboot3</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<name>springboot3</name>
	<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

	<properties>
		<java.version>1.8</java.version>
		<mysql.version>5.1.44</mysql.version>
	</properties>

	<dependencies>
		<!--数据库data的jdbc操作-->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jdbc</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<!--使用了thymeleaf的模板引擎-->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<!--管理web请求的配置-->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<!--mysql的一个驱动,用的版本为5.1.44-->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>mysql</groupId>
			<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
			<version>${mysql.version}</version>
			<scope>runtime</scope>
		</dependency>
		<!--导入lombok工具，不用写set,get方法-->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
			<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
			<optional>true</optional>
		</dependency>
		<!--只能在测试test里面进行一个测试-->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
			<scope>test</scope>
			<exclusions>
				<exclusion>
					<groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
					<artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
				</exclusion>
			</exclusions>
		</dependency>
		<!--阿里巴巴的一个druid的数据源，以前使用的是dbcp2-->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
			<artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
			<version>1.1.10</version>
		</dependency>
		<!--解决没有@aspect注解的问题-->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<!--pagehelper分页-->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.github.pagehelper</groupId>
			<artifactId>pagehelper-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
			<version>1.2.3</version>
		</dependency>
		<!--Redis缓存策略-->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>redis.clients</groupId>
			<artifactId>jedis</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<!--使用jpa框架-->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<!--文件上传-->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
			<artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
			<version>1.3.1</version>
		</dependency>

	</dependencies>

	<build>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>

</project>

application.yml

server:
  servlet:
    context-path: /
    port: 80
spring:
  jpa:
    hibernate:
      ddl-auto: update
    show-sql: true
    database-platform=org:
      hibernate:
        dialect:
          MySQL5InnoDBDialect:

  datasource:
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db_0629?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
    username: root
    password: 123
    druid:
      initial-size: 5
      min-idle: 5
      max-active: 20
      max-wait: 60000
      time-between-eviction-runs-millis: 60000
      min-evictable-idle-time-millis: 30000
      validation-query: SELECT 1 FROM DUAL
      test-while-idle: true
      test-on-borrow: true
      test-on-return: false
      pool-prepared-statements: true
      max-pool-prepared-statement-per-connection-size: 20
      filter:
        stat:
          merge-sql: true
          slow-sql-millis: 5000
      web-stat-filter:
        enabled: true
        url-pattern: /*
        exclusions: "*.js,*.gif,*.jpg,*.png,*.css,*.ico,/druid/*"
        session-stat-enable: true
        session-stat-max-count: 100
      stat-view-servlet:
        enabled: true
        url-pattern: /druid/*
        reset-enable: true
        login-username: admin
        login-password: admin
        allow: 127.0.0.1

  thymeleaf:
    cache: false

# 解决图片上传大小限制问题，也可采取配置类
  servlet:
    multipart:
      max-file-size: 20MB
      max-request-size: 60MB

Springboot+bootstrap界面版之增删改查及图片上传

实体类

package com.chen.springboot04.entity;

import lombok.ToString;

import javax.persistence.*;


@Entity
@Table(name = "springboot_teacher")
@ToString
public class Teacher {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
    private Integer tid;
    @Column(length = 16)
    private String tname;
    @Column(length = 4)
    private String sex;
    @Column(length = 100)
    private String description;
    @Column(length = 200)
    private String imagePath;

    public Integer getTid() {
        return tid;
    }

    public void setTid(Integer tid) {
        this.tid = tid;
    }

    public String getTname() {
        return tname;
    }

    public void setTname(String tname) {
        this.tname = tname;
    }

    public String getSex() {
        return sex;
    }

    public void setSex(String sex) {
        this.sex = sex;
    }

    public String getDescription() {
        return description;
    }

    public void setDescription(String description) {
        this.description = description;
    }

    public String getImagePath() {
        return imagePath;
    }

    public void setImagePath(String imagePath) {
        this.imagePath = imagePath;
    }
}

dao方法

package com.chen.springboot04.dao;

import com.chen.springboot04.entity.Teacher;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaSpecificationExecutor;

/**
 * 只要继承JpaRepository，通常所用的增删查改方法都有
 * 第一个参数：操作的实体类
 * 第二个参数：实体类对应数据表的主键
 * <p>
 * 要使用高级查询必须继承
 * org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaSpecificationExecutor<T>接口
 */
public interface TeacherDao extends JpaRepository<Teacher, Integer>, JpaSpecificationExecutor<Teacher> {
}

TeacherServiceImpl

package com.chen.springboot04.service.impl;

import com.chen.springboot04.dao.TeacherDao;
import com.chen.springboot04.entity.Teacher;
import com.chen.springboot04.service.TeacherService;
import com.chen.springboot04.utils.PageBean;
import com.chen.springboot04.utils.StringUtils;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Page;
import org.springframework.data.domain.PageRequest;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Pageable;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.domain.Specification;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import javax.persistence.criteria.CriteriaBuilder;
import javax.persistence.criteria.CriteriaQuery;
import javax.persistence.criteria.Predicate;
import javax.persistence.criteria.Root;

@Service
public class TeacherServiceImpl implements TeacherService {
    @Autowired
    private TeacherDao teacherDao;

    @Override
    public Teacher save(Teacher teacher) {
        return teacherDao.save(teacher);
    }

    @Override
    public void deleteById(Integer id) {
        teacherDao.deleteById(id);
    }

    @Override
    public Teacher findById(Integer id) {
        return teacherDao.findById(id).get();
    }

    @Override
    public Page<Teacher> listPager(Teacher teacher, PageBean pageBean) {
//        jpa的Pageable分页是从0页码开始
        Pageable pageable = PageRequest.of(pageBean.getPage() - 1, pageBean.getRows());
        return teacherDao.findAll(new Specification<Teacher>() {
            @Override
            public Predicate toPredicate(Root<Teacher> root, CriteriaQuery<?> criteriaQuery, CriteriaBuilder criteriaBuilder) {
                Predicate predicate = criteriaBuilder.conjunction();
                if (teacher != null) {
                    if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(teacher.getTname())) {
                        predicate.getExpressions().add(criteriaBuilder.like(root.get("tname"), "%" + teacher.getTname() + "%"));
                    }
                }
                return predicate;
            }
        }, pageable);
    }
}

TeacherController在控制层控制好图片的存放位置

package com.chen.springboot04.controller;


import com.chen.springboot04.entity.Teacher;
import com.chen.springboot04.service.TeacherService;
import com.chen.springboot04.utils.PageBean;
import com.chen.springboot04.utils.PageUtil;
import com.chen.springboot04.utils.StringUtils;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Page;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * @company
 * @create  2019-02-20 22:15
 */
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/teacher")
public class TeacherController {
    @Autowired
    private TeacherService teacherService;

    @RequestMapping("/listPager")
    public ModelAndView list(Teacher teacher, HttpServletRequest request){
        PageBean pageBean = new PageBean();
        pageBean.setRequest(request);
        ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
        Page<Teacher> teachers = teacherService.listPager(teacher, pageBean);
        modelAndView.addObject("teachers",teachers.getContent());
        pageBean.setTotal(teachers.getTotalElements()+"");
        modelAndView.addObject("pageCode", PageUtil.createPageCode(pageBean)/*.replaceAll("<","<").replaceAll("&gt:",">")*/);
        modelAndView.setViewName("list");
        return modelAndView;
    }

    @RequestMapping("/toEdit")
    public ModelAndView toEdit(Teacher teacher){
        ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
        modelAndView.setViewName("edit");
        modelAndView.addObject("sexArr",new String[]{"男","女"});
        if(!(teacher.getTid() == null || "".equals(teacher.getTid()))) {
            Teacher t = teacherService.findById(teacher.getTid());
            modelAndView.addObject("teacher", t);
        }
        return modelAndView;
    }

    @RequestMapping("/add")
    public String add(Teacher teacher, MultipartFile image){
        try {
            String diskPath = "D://img/"+image.getOriginalFilename();
            String serverPath = "/uploadImages/"+image.getOriginalFilename();
            if(StringUtils.isNotBlank(image.getOriginalFilename())){
                FileUtils.copyInputStreamToFile(image.getInputStream(),new File(diskPath));
                teacher.setImagePath(serverPath);
            }
            teacherService.save(teacher);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return "redirect:/teacher/listPager";
    }


    @RequestMapping("/edit")
    public String edit(Teacher teacher, MultipartFile image){
        String diskPath = "D://img/"+image.getOriginalFilename();
        String serverPath = "/uploadImages/"+image.getOriginalFilename();
        if(StringUtils.isNotBlank(image.getOriginalFilename())){
            try {
                FileUtils.copyInputStreamToFile(image.getInputStream(),new File(diskPath));
                teacher.setImagePath(serverPath);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        teacherService.save(teacher);
        return "redirect:/teacher/listPager";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/del/{bid}")
    public String del(@PathVariable(value = "bid") Integer bid){
        teacherService.deleteById(bid);
        return "redirect:/teacher/listPager";
    }
}

MyWebAppConfigurer上传文件的核心配置

package com.chen.springboot04.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.ResourceHandlerRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurationSupport;

/**
 * 资源映射路径
 */
@Configuration
public class MyWebAppConfigurer extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport {
    @Override
    protected void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
        registry.addResourceHandler("/static/**").addResourceLocations("classpath:/static/");
        registry.addResourceHandler("/uploadImages/**").addResourceLocations("file:D:/img/");
        super.addResourceHandlers(registry);
    }
}

自动生成分页的工具类，其他的pagebean，StringUtils工具类可以参考我之前的博客
PageUtil

package com.chen.springboot04.utils;

import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;

/**
 * 基于bootstrap3生成分页代码
 */
public class PageUtil {
    public static String createPageCode(PageBean pageBean) {
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
        /*
         * 拼接向后台提交数据的form表单
         * 	注意：拼接的form表单中的page参数是变化的，所以不需要保留上一次请求的值
         */
        sb.append("<form id='pageBeanForm' action='" + pageBean.getUrl() + "' method='post'>");
        sb.append("<input type='hidden' name='page'>");
        Map<String, String[]> parameterMap = pageBean.getParamMap();
        if (parameterMap != null && parameterMap.size() > 0) {
            Set<Map.Entry<String, String[]>> entrySet = parameterMap.entrySet();
            for (Map.Entry<String, String[]> entry : entrySet) {
                if (!"page".equals(entry.getKey())) {
                    String[] values = entry.getValue();
                    for (String val : values) {
                        sb.append("<input type='hidden' name='" + entry.getKey() + "' value='" + val + "'>");
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        sb.append("</form>");

        if (pageBean.getTotal() == 0) {
            return "未查询到数据";
        } else {
            sb.append("<li><a href='javascript:gotoPage(1)'>首页</a></li>");
            if (pageBean.getPage() > 1) {
                sb.append("<li><a href='javascript:gotoPage(" + pageBean.getPreviousPage() + ")'>上一页</a></li>");
            } else {
                sb.append("<li class='disabled'><a href='javascript:gotoPage(1)'>上一页</a></li>");
            }
            for (int i = pageBean.getPage() - 1; i <= pageBean.getPage() + 1; i++) {
                if (i < 1 || i > pageBean.getMaxPage()) {
                    continue;
                }
                if (i == pageBean.getPage()) {
                    sb.append("<li class='active'><a href='#'>" + i + "</a></li>");
                } else {
                    sb.append("<li><a href='javascript:gotoPage(" + i + ")'>" + i + "</a></li>");
                }
            }
            if (pageBean.getPage() < pageBean.getMaxPage()) {
                sb.append("<li><a href='javascript:gotoPage(" + pageBean.getNextPage() + ")'>下一页</a></li>");
            } else {
                sb.append("<li class='disabled'><a href='javascript:gotoPage(" + pageBean.getMaxPage() + ")'>下一页</a></li>");
            }
            sb.append("<li><a href='javascript:gotoPage(" + pageBean.getMaxPage() + ")'>尾页</a></li>");
        }

        /*
         * 给分页条添加与后台交互的js代码
         */
        sb.append("<script type='text/javascript'>");
        sb.append("		function gotoPage(page) {");
        sb.append("			document.getElementById('pageBeanForm').page.value = page;");
        sb.append("			document.getElementById('pageBeanForm').submit();");
        sb.append("		}");
        sb.append("		function skipPage() {");
        sb.append("			var page = document.getElementById('skipPage').value;");
        sb.append("			if(!page || isNaN(page) || parseInt(page)<1 || parseInt(page)>" + pageBean.getMaxPage() + "){");
        sb.append("				alert('请输入1~N的数字');");
        sb.append("				return;");
        sb.append("			}");
        sb.append("			gotoPage(page);");
        sb.append("		}");
        sb.append("</script>");
        return sb.toString();
    }
}

页面

list.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<html xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>书籍列表</title>
    <script type="text/javascript" th:src="@{/static/xxx.js}"></script>
    <link rel="stylesheet" th:href="@{/static/bootstrap3/css/bootstrap.min.css}">
    <link rel="stylesheet" th:href="@{/static/bootstrap3/css/bootstrap-theme.min.css}">
    <script type="text/javascript" th:src="@{/static/bootstrap3/js/jquery-1.11.2.min.js}"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" th:src="@{/static/bootstrap3/js/bootstrap.min.js}"></script>
</head>
<body>
<form th:action="@{/teacher/listPager}" method="post">
    书籍名称： <input type="text" name="tname" />
    <input type="submit" value="提交"/>
</form>
<a th:href="@{/teacher/toEdit}">新增</a>
<table border="1px" width="600px">
    <thead>
    <tr>
        <td>ID</td>
        <td>头像</td>
        <td>姓名</td>
        <td>性别</td>
        <td>简介</td>
        <td>操作</td>
    </tr>
    </thead>
    <tbody>
    <tr th:each="teacher : ${teachers}">
        <td th:text="${teacher.tid}"></td>
        <td><img style="width: 60px;height: 60px;" id="imgshow" th:src="${teacher.imagePath}" th:alt="${teacher.tname}"/></td>
        <!--<td th:text="${teacher.imagePath}"></td>-->
        <td th:text="${teacher.tname}"></td>
        <td th:text="${teacher.sex}"></td>
        <td th:text="${teacher.description}"></td>
        <td>
            <a th:href="@{'/teacher/del/'+${teacher.tid}}">删除</a>
            <a th:href="@{'/teacher/toEdit?tid='+${teacher.tid}}">修改</a>
        </td>
    </tr>
    </tbody>
</table>


<nav>

    <ul class="pagination pagination-sm" th:utext="${pageCode}">
    </ul>

</nav>
</body>
</html>

edit.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<html xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>用户编辑界面</title>

    <script type="text/javascript">
        function preShow() {

        }
    </script>
</head>
<body>

<form th:action="@{${teacher.tid} ? '/teacher/edit' : '/teacher/add'}" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
    <input type="hidden" name="tid" th:value="${teacher.tid}" />
    <input type="hidden" name="imagePath" th:value="${teacher.imagePath}" />
    <img id="imgshow" src="" alt=""/>
    <input type="file" name="image" onchange="preShow();"></br>
    教员名称： <input type="text" name="tname" th:value="${teacher.tname}" /></br>
    教员描述： <input type="text" name="description" th:value="${teacher.description}" /></br>
    单选回显
    <input type="radio" name="sex"
           th:each ="s:${sexArr}"
           th:value="${s}"
           th:text ="${s}"
           th:attr ="checked=${s == teacher.sex}">

    <input type="submit" value="提交"/>
</form>
</body>
</html>