熔断器Hystrix及服务监控Dashboard
Hystrix介绍应用场景
当一个请求依赖多个服务的时候:正常情况下的访问
但是,当请求的服务中出现无法访问、异常、超时等问题时(图中的I),那么用户的请求将会被阻塞。如果多个用户的请求中,都存在无法访问的服务,那么他们都将陷入阻塞的状态中。
这就是服务雪崩效应,服务雪崩效应是一种因“服务提供者的不可用”(原因)导致“服务调用者不可用”(结果),并将不可用逐渐放大的现象。
通俗来说在微服务中就是当一个服务器宕机了的时候,渐渐会影响到其他的服务器,慢慢导致其他服务器也宕机
所以就用到了服务熔断Hystrix断路器
hystrix对应的中文名字是“豪猪”,豪猪周身长满了刺,能保护自己不受天敌的伤害,代表了一种防御机制,这与hystrix本身的功能不谋而合,因此Netflix团队将该框架命名为Hystrix,并使用了对应的卡通形象做作为logo。
在一个分布式系统里,许多依赖不可避免的会调用失败,比如超时、异常等,如何能够保证在一个依赖出问题的情况下,不会导致整体服务失败,这个就是Hystrix需要做的事情。Hystrix提供了熔断、隔离、Fallback、cache、监控等功能,能够在一个、或多个依赖同时出现问题时保证系统依然可用。
我们新建一个项目来体现一下
microservice-student-provider-hystrix-1004
pom依赖
注意看加入了 hystrix支持
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>com.chen</groupId>
<artifactId>springcloud</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>microservice-student-provider-hystrix-1004</artifactId>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.chen</groupId>
<artifactId>microservice-common</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- 修改后立即生效,热部署 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.chen</groupId>
<artifactId>microservice-common</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<!--添加注册中心Eureka相关配置-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- actuator监控引入 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--Hystrix相关依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
application.yml修改下端口和实例名称
server:
port: 1004
context-path: /
spring:
datasource:
type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/springboot?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
username: root
password: 123
jpa:
hibernate:
ddl-auto: update
show-sql: true
application:
name: microservice-student
eureka:
instance:
hostname: localhost
appname: microservice-student
instance-id: microservice-student:1004
prefer-ip-address: true
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka2001.chen.com:2001/eureka/,http://eureka2002.chen.com:2002/eureka/,http://eureka2003.chen.com:2003/eureka/
info:
groupId: com.chen.testSpringcloud
artifactId: microservice-student-provider-hystrix-1004
version: 1.0-SNAPSHOT
userName: http://chen.com
phone: 123456
启动类StudentProviderHystrixApplication_1004加下注解支持 @EnableCircuitBreaker
package com.chen.microservicestudentproviderhystrix1004;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.domain.EntityScan;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.circuitbreaker.EnableCircuitBreaker;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
@EnableCircuitBreaker
@EntityScan("com.chen.*.*")
@EnableEurekaClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class MicroserviceStudentProviderHystrix1004Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceStudentProviderHystrix1004Application.class, args);
}
}
加入相关的service方法然后在controller中测试方法
package com.chen.microservicestudentproviderhystrix1004.controller;
import com.chen.microservicecommon.entity.Student;
import com.chen.microservicestudentproviderhystrix1004.service.StudentService;
import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixCommand;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/student")
public class StudentProviderController {
@Autowired
private StudentService studentService;
@Value("${server.port}")
private String port;
@PostMapping(value="/save")
public boolean save(Student student){
try{
studentService.save(student);
return true;
}catch(Exception e){
return false;
}
}
@GetMapping(value="/list")
public List<Student> list(){
return studentService.list();
}
@GetMapping(value="/get/{id}")
public Student get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
return studentService.findById(id);
}
@GetMapping(value="/delete/{id}")
public boolean delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
try{
studentService.delete(id);
return true;
}catch(Exception e){
return false;
}
}
@RequestMapping("/ribbon")
public String ribbon(){
return "工号【"+port+"】正在为您服务";
}
/**
* 测试Hystrix服务降级
* @return
* @throws InterruptedException
*/
@ResponseBody
@GetMapping(value="/hystrix")
@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod="hystrixFallback")
public Map<String,Object> hystrix() throws InterruptedException{
Thread.sleep(2000);
Map<String,Object> map=new HashMap<String,Object>();
map.put("code", 200);
map.put("info","工号【"+port+"】正在为您服务");
return map;
}
public Map<String,Object> hystrixFallback() throws InterruptedException{
Map<String,Object> map=new HashMap<String,Object>();
map.put("code", 500);
map.put("info", "系统【"+port+"】繁忙,稍后重试");
return map;
}
}
microservice-student-consumer-80项目也要对应的加个方法
package com.chen.microservicestudentconsumer80.controller;
import com.chen.microservicecommon.entity.Student;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/student")
public class StudentConsumerController {
private final static String SERVER_IP_PORT = "http://MICROSERVICE-STUDENT";
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@PostMapping(value="/save")
private boolean save(Student student){
return restTemplate.postForObject(SERVER_IP_PORT+"/student/save", student, Boolean.class);
}
@GetMapping(value="/list")
public List<Student> list(){
return restTemplate.getForObject(SERVER_IP_PORT+"/student/list", List.class);
}
@GetMapping(value="/get/{id}")
public Student get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
return restTemplate.getForObject(SERVER_IP_PORT+"/student/get/"+id, Student.class);
}
@GetMapping(value="/delete/{id}")
public boolean delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
try{
restTemplate.getForObject(SERVER_IP_PORT+"/student/delete/"+id, Boolean.class);
return true;
}catch(Exception e){
return false;
}
}
@RequestMapping("/ribbon")
public String ribbon(){
return restTemplate.getForObject(SERVER_IP_PORT + "/student/ribbon", String.class);
}
/**
* 测试Hystrix服务降级
* @return
*/
@GetMapping(value="/hystrix")
public Map<String,Object> hystrix(){
return restTemplate.getForObject(SERVER_IP_PORT+"/student/hystrix/", Map.class);
}
}
启动测试地址:http://localhost/student/hystrix
然后就可以看到,我们用线程设置了等待时长2秒,而它默认的请求成功的时间就是1秒,所以它就会进入我们的错误处理方法,如果我们把线程去掉,它一样能够正常访问
Hystrix默认超时时间设置
Hystrix默认超时时间是1秒,我们可以通过hystrix源码看到,
找到 hystrix-core.jar com.netflix.hystrix包下的HystrixCommandProperties类
default_executionTimeoutInMilliseconds属性局势默认的超时时间
默认1000毫秒 1秒
我们系统里假如要自定义设置hystrix的默认时间的话;
application.yml配置文件加上
hystrix:
command:
default:
execution:
isolation:
thread:
timeoutInMilliseconds: 3000
改成3秒 然后 我们代码里sleep修改成2秒测试
Hystrix服务监控Dashboard
创建新的 microservice-student-consumer-hystrix-dashboard-90
只要加入下面相关pom依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>com.chen</groupId>
<artifactId>springcloud</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>microservice-student-consumer-hystrix-dashboard-90</artifactId>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!--Hystrix服务监控Dashboard依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix-dashboard</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
application.yml配置
server:
port: 90
servlet:
context-path:/
新建启动类:StudentConsumerDashBoardApplication_90
加注解:@EnableHystrixDashboard
package com.chen.microservicestudentconsumerhystrixdashboard90;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.hystrix.dashboard.EnableHystrixDashboard;
@EnableHystrixDashboard
@SpringBootApplication(exclude={DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class, HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration.class})
public class MicroserviceStudentConsumerHystrixDashboard90Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceStudentConsumerHystrixDashboard90Application.class, args);
}
}
我们启动这个项目;
然后浏览器输入:http://localhost:90/hystrix
然后我们输入我们要监控的项目和方法路径
http://localhost:1004/hystrix.stream
指标含义:
各种情况:
欧啦